Janet Jackson 60070 226172928 2008-07-17T04:03:37Z Bookkeeperoftheoccult 3306511 sub-genre of R&B {{pp-semi-vandalism|small=yes}} {{otheruses4|the singer|her self-titled album|Janet Jackson (album)}} {{Infobox Musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians --> | Name = Janet Jackson | Img = Janet Jackson.jpg | Img_capt = Jackson during a 2006 press conference | Img_size = | Background = solo_singer | Birth_name = Janet Damita Jo Jackson | Born = {{birth date and age|1966|5|16}}<br>[[Gary, Indiana|Gary]], [[Indiana]], [[United States]] | Origin = [[Encino, Los Angeles, California|Encino]], [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[United States]] | Genre = [[contemporary R&B|R&B]], [[pop music|pop]], [[rock music|rock]] | Occupation = [[Singer-songwriter]], [[record producer]], [[dance]]r, [[actor|actress]] | Voice_type = [[Mezzo-soprano]] | Years_active = 1976–present | Label = [[A&M Records|A&M]], [[Virgin Records|Virgin]], [[Island Def Jam Music Group|Island Def Jam]], [[Mercury Records|Mercury]] | Associated_acts = | URL = [http://www.janetjackson.com/ www.janetjackson.com] }} '''Janet Damita Jo Jackson''' (born [[May 16]], [[1966]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[singer-songwriter]], [[record producer]], [[dance]]r and [[actor|actress]]. Born in [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]], [[Indiana]] and raised in [[Encino]], [[California]], she is the youngest member of the [[Jackson family]] of musicians. She initially performed on stage with her family beginning at the age of seven, and later started her career as an actress with the [[variety show|variety]] television series ''[[The Jacksons (TV series)|The Jacksons]]''. She went on to star in other television shows including ''[[Good Times]]'', ''[[A New Kind of Family]]'', ''[[Diff'rent Strokes]]'', and ''[[Fame (1982 TV series)|Fame]]''. Jackson faced initial difficulties after launching her recording career in 1982, often criticized for having a limited vocal range and being yet another child from the Jackson family to become a recording artist. However, with the collaboration of record producers [[Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis]], Jackson found record-breaking success, producing five consecutive number one [[studio album]]s on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]; these include ''[[Control (Janet Jackson album)|Control]]'' (1986), ''[[Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814]]'' (1989), ''[[janet.]]'' (1993), ''[[The Velvet Rope]]'' (1997), and ''[[All for You (album)|All for You]]'' (2001). Although critics have compared her contemporary work less favorably to that of her initial breakthroughs, the critical and commercial success of her innovative multi-platinum albums, [[music video]]s and [[choreography]] have contributed to Jackson's successful career as an entertainer. Jackson has been regarded as one of the most influential recording artists in the history of [[contemporary R&B]], as her music has incorporated elements of [[rap music]] with sample loop, triple swing and industrial beats, which led to crossover appeal in [[popular music]]. In the late 1980s, Jackson was recognized as a role model for youth, as her music promoted abstinence over promiscuity, self-respect and social consciousness. Jackson’s public image later developed into that of a fully matured adult, as her music began to explore topics such as sexual freedom, domestic violence and sadomasochism. The 1990s established her as one of the highest paid recording artists in [[contemporary music]]. She later emerged the second most successful artist of the decade, although her status in popular music has since diminished. Though Jackson is listed by the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] as the eleventh [[List of best-selling music artists in the United States|best-selling]] female artist in the United States with 26 million [[RIAA certification|certified]] albums, ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' magazine named her one of the top-ten selling artists in the history of contemporary music.<ref>{{cite web | title = Top Selling Artists | publisher = [[Recording Industry Association of America]] | url = http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblTopArt | accessdate = 2008-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Aquilante | first = Dan | title = Janet Traction Missing in Action | publisher = ''[[New York Post]]'' | date = 2008-02-12 | url = http://www.nypost.com/seven/02122008/entertainment/music/janet_traction_missing_in_action_97186.htm | accessdate = 2008-09-03}}</ref><ref name="Don't mention Michael">{{cite web | last = McCarthy | first = Phillip | title = Don't mention Michael | publisher = ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'' | date = 2008-02-25 | url = http://www.smh.com.au/news/music/dont-mention-michael/2008/02/24/1203788136217.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2 | accessdate = 2008-03-11}}</ref> She is ranked as the ninth most successful act in the history of [[rock music]] and the second most successful female artist in pop music history, having sold over 100&nbsp;million albums worldwide.<ref>{{cite web | title = 19th Annual Glaad Media Awards Special Honorees | publisher = GLAAD | url = http://www.glaad.org/publications/resource_doc_detail.php?id=4175| accessdate = 2008-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Ibanga | first = Imaeyen | title = Will Jackson's 'Discipline' Be Her Breakthrough? | publisher = [[ABC News]] | date = 2008-02-24 | url = http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/WinterConcert/story?id=4306913&page=1 | accessdate = 2008-09-03}}</ref><ref name="PR Newswire">{{cite web | title = Janet Jackson to Release "Feedback" – Debut Singles at Island Def Jam Music Group, Impacts January 7th | publisher = [[PR Newswire]] | date = 2007-12-13 | url = http://www.prnewswire.com/mnr/umusic/31098/| accessdate = 2008-09-03}}</ref> Amidst her recording career, Jackson has also starred in feature films since the mid-1990s. [[Tyler Perry|Tyler Perry's]] ''[[Why Did I Get Married?]]'' (2007), for which Jackson won a [[NAACP Image Award]], became her third consecutive film to open at number one at the [[box office]], following ''[[Poetic Justice]]'' (1993) and ''[[Nutty Professor II: The Klumps]]'' (2000). ==Biography== ===1966–1982: Early life and career debut=== Janet Jackson was born in [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]], [[Indiana]], the daughter of [[Katherine Jackson|Katherine Esther]] ([[married and maiden names|née]] Scruse) and [[Joseph Jackson|Joseph Walter Jackson]], as the youngest of nine children.<ref name="JJ by Cornwell">{{cite book | last = Cornwell | first = Jane | title = Janet Jackson | publisher = ''[[Carlton Books]]'' | date = 2002 | location = | pages = 2 | url = http://www.amazon.com/Janet-Jackson-Jane-Cornwell/dp/1842224646 | isbn = 1842224646}}</ref> The family were lower-middle class and devout [[Jehovah's Witnesses]]. By the time she was a [[toddler]], her older brothers—[[Jackie Jackson|Jackie]], [[Tito Jackson|Tito]], [[Jermaine Jackson|Jermaine]], [[Marlon Jackson|Marlon]], and [[Michael Jackson|Michael]]—had begun to perform on stage at nightclubs and theaters as the [[Jackson 5]]. In March 1969, the group signed a [[record deal]] with [[Motown Records|Motown]], and by the end of the year they had recorded the first of four consecutive number-one singles. The Jackson 5's success allowed the entire family to move to the [[Encino, Los Angeles, California|Encino]] neighborhood of [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], [[California]] in 1971.<ref name="JJ by Cornwell"/> The Jacksons settled in a gated [[mansion]] that they referred to as "[[Hayvenhurst]]." Although born into a family of musical prodigies, Jackson—whose love of horses initially inspired her to become a race-horse [[horse jockey|jockey]]—had no aspiration to become an entertainer. Her father, however, planned for her to follow in the family's footsteps. Jackson commented, "No one ever asked me if I wanted to go into show business... it was expected."<ref name="JJ by Cornwell"/> In 1974, at the age of seven, Jackson appeared on stage in [[Las Vegas Strip|Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]] alongside her siblings in a routine show at the original MGM Casino.<ref name="Janet Jackson Biography: People.com">{{cite web | title = Janet Jackson | work = Janet Jackson Biography: People.com | publisher = ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' | date = | url = http://www.people.com/people/janet_jackson/biography | accessdate = 2008-09-18}}</ref> Her career as an actress began with the debut of the [[CBS]] variety show ''The Jacksons'', in which she appeared alongside her siblings Tito, [[Rebbie Jackson|Rebbie]], [[Randy Jackson|Randy]], Michael, Marlon, [[Latoya Jackson|Latoya]] and Jackie.<ref>{{cite web | title = ''The Jacksons'' | work = | publisher = tv.com | date = | url = http://www.tv.com/the-jacksons/show/9914/summary.html | accessdate = 2008-09-03}}</ref> In 1977, Jackson was selected by producer [[Norman Lear]] to play a recurring role in the sitcom ''[[Good Times]]''.<ref name="biography"/> From 1979 to 1980, Jackson starred in ''[[A New Kind of Family]]'', and then joined the cast of ''[[Diff'rent Strokes]]'' from 1981 to 1982.<ref name="biography"/> Jackson played a recurring role during the fourth season of the television series ''[[Fame (TV series)|Fame]]''—based on the 1980 [[Fame (film)|feature film of the same name]]—as Cleo Hewitt.<ref>{{cite web | last = Fox | first = Norman | title = ''Indian Summer'' | work = Fame | publisher = tv.com | date = 1984-09-29 | url = http://www.tv.com/fame/indian-summer/episode/77620/summary.html | accessdate = 2008-09-03}}</ref> ===1982–1985: ''Janet Jackson'' and ''Dream Street''=== {{main|Janet Jackson (album)|Dream Street (album)}} Although Jackson was initially apprehensive about starting a music career, she agreed to participate in recording sessions with her family. Her first recording was a duet with her brother Randy on a song titled "Love Song for Kids" in 1978. At the age of fifteen, her father (and manager) began her recording career by arranging a contract with [[A&M Records]].<ref name="Janet Jackson Biography: People.com"/> Her debut album ''[[Janet Jackson (album)|Janet Jackson]]'' was released in 1982 and produced by [[soul music|soul]] singers [[Angela Winbush]], [[René Moore]] and Leon F. Sylvers III. The album peaked at number six on the ''Billboard'' Hot R&B albums chart.<ref>{{cite web | title = Janet Jackson | work = | publisher = [[Allmusic]] | date = 2006 | url = http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:39frxq95ld6e~T3| accessdate = 2008-04-13}}</ref> The work received poor critical reception, with one critic commenting that Jackson had "no distinctive musical personality of her own".<ref>{{cite web | last= Erlewine | first= Stephen Thomas| title = Janet Jackson | publisher = Allmusic | date = 2008 | url = http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:39frxq95ld6e| accessdate = 2008-06-13}}</ref> Despite the critical views, Jackson's second album, ''[[Dream Street (album)|Dream Street]]'' was released two years later. Critical reception was considered favorable to that of Jackson's debut album, as her musical style was described as a "prime [example] of pleasing '80s pop".<ref>{{cite web | last= Hogan | first= Ed | title = Dream Street | publisher = Allmusic | date = 2008 | url = http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:d9frxq95ld6e| accessdate = 2008-06-13}}</ref> ''Dream Street'' reached number nineteen on the R&B albums chart, however, its sales were less than that of Jackson's debut album. The album's only hit—"Don't Stand Another Chance"—peaked at number nine on ''Billboard's'' R&B singles chart.<ref>{{cite web | title = Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs "Don t Stand Another Chance" | work = Top Music Charts-Hot 100-Billboard 200-Music Genre Sales | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2007 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=367&cfgn=Singles&cfn=Hot+R%26amp%3BB%2FHip-Hop+Songs&ci=3003911&cdi=6165082&cid=11%2F24%2F1984 | accessdate = 2008-09-13}}</ref> That same year, Jackson eloped with childhood friend and fellow R&B singer [[James DeBarge]], but they divorced shortly afterwards and the marriage was subsequently annulled.<ref name="Janet Jackson Biography: People.com"/> ===1986–1992: ''Control'' and ''Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814''=== {{main|Control (Janet Jackson album)|Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814}} After the limited successes of her first two albums, A&M Records hired producers [[Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis]] to work with Jackson. Within six weeks, Jackson, Jam, and Lewis crafted Jackson's breakthrough album, ''[[Control (Janet Jackson album)|Control]]'', which was released in February 1986.<ref name="cohen">{{cite web | last = Cohen | first = Jonathan | title = Billboard Feature: Janet Jackson: Still In Control | work = | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 1999-12-15 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1314915 | accessdate = 2008-04-06}}</ref> It was a [[concept album]] based on Jackson's new-found independence.<ref name="cohen"/> Though producers Jam and Lewis were concerned with achieving cross-over appeal, their primary goal was to create a strong following within the [[African-American]] community first.<ref name="She's a rebel">{{cite book | last = Gaar | first = Gillian G. | title = She's a rebel: the history of women in rock & roll | publisher = Seal Press | date = 2002 | pages = 324 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=m09vjqEmeX4C | isbn = 1580050786}}</ref> Jam commented, "We wanted to do an album that would be in every black home in America... we were going for ''the'' black album of all time."<ref name="She's a rebel"/> The album's singles, "[[What Have You Done for Me Lately]]," "[[Nasty (song)|Nasty]]," "[[When I Think of You]]" (Jackson's first number one single on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100), "[[Control (song)|Control]]," and "[[Let's Wait Awhile]]" each peaked within the Top 5; "[[The Pleasure Principle]]" made it to the Top 20. Most of the ''Control'' music videos were choreographed by a then unknown [[Paula Abdul]]. "Let's Wait Awhile", which promoted sexual abstinence over promiscuity, earned Jackson a reputation as a role model for young women.<ref name="biography"/> Richard J. Ripani, author of ''The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950-1999'', states the album was one of the first successful records to influence the rise of [[new jack swing]], incorporating R&B, [[funk]], [[jazz]], [[soul music|soul]], and various production techniques, which emerged in the mid-1980s.<ref name="The New Blue Music">{{cite book | last = Ripani | first = Richard J. | title = The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950-1999 | publisher = Univ. Press of Mississippi | date = 2006 | pages = 132-153 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=fFno4HDB7uYC | isbn = 1578068622}}</ref> The success of ''Control'', according to Ripani, had bridged the gap between R&B and rap music.<ref name="The New Blue Music"/> The album earned Jackson three [[Grammy]] nominations, six ''Billboard'' Music Awards, three [[MTV Video Music Awards]], and three [[Soul Train Awards]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Janet Jackson Info| work = | publisher = Rock On The Net | date = | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/artists-j/janetjackson_main.htm | accessdate = 2008-03-12}}</ref> ''Control'' was nominated for twelve [[American Music Award]]s, winning four, a record that has yet to be broken.<ref>{{cite web | last = Cane | first = Clay | title = Janet Jackson: Still On Top | publisher = ''Essence'' | date = | url = http://www.essence.com/essence/themix/entertainment/0,16109,1721295,00.html?xid=031208-EssenceNewsletter-JanetTextLin| accessdate = 2008-03-12}}</ref> On [[October 26]], [[1989]], Control was certified 5x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.<ref>{{cite web | title = Control | work = gold and platinum | publisher = Recording Industry Association of America | date = 1989 | url = http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinum.php | accessdate = 2008-06-07}}</ref> In 1989, Jackson began recording her fourth album, ''[[Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814]]''. 1814 referred to the year "[[The Star Spangled Banner]]" was written;<ref>{{cite book | last = Hyatt | first = Wesley | title = The Billboard Book of Number One Adult Contemporary Hits | publisher = ''Billboard Books'' | date = 1999 | isbn = 0823076938}}</ref> in addition, 'R' is the 18th letter of the alphabet and 'N' the 14th, hence 1814.<ref name="biography"/> ''Rhythm Nation 1814'' became a concept album based on [[social injustice]]. Though executives at A&M wanted an album similar to ''Control'', Jackson was determined to imbue her music with a socially-conscious message that complemented her songs about love and relationships.<ref>{{Citation | last1 = Cocks | first1 = Jay | title = Dancing on the charts | volume = 135 | issue = 22 | pages = 87 | publisher = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date = [[1990-05-28]] | year = 1990 | issn = 0040781X}}</ref> Unwilling to compromise her artistic integrity, Jackson shifted from "personal freedom to more universal concerns—injustice, illiteracy, crime, drugs—without missing a beat."<ref>{{cite web | last = Aletti | first = Vince | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Rhythm Nation 1814: Janet Jackson: Review: Rolling Stone | work = | publisher = ''Rolling Stone'' | date = 1998-10-19 | url = http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/182747/review/5943659/rhythmnation1814 | accessdate = 2008-03-24}}</ref> Much like its predecessor, the album contained heavy styling of new jack swing.<ref name="The New Blue Music"/> While Jackson's small voice was criticized and her social agenda garnered mixed reactions, reviews for ''Rhythm Nation 1814'' were predominately positive; many critics commented it was an even greater success than ''Control''.<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web | last = Henderson | first = Alex | title = Rhythm Nation 1814 > Overview | publisher = Allmusic | date = 2008 | url = http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:azktk6jx9krh | accessdate = 2008-06-12}}</ref> ''Rhythm Nation 1814'' maintained airplay for over two years.<ref>{{cite web | title = Rhythm Nation 1814 | work = Janet Jackson | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2003-11-01 | url = http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6626129/275_rhythm_nation_1814 | accessdate = 2008-03-17}}</ref> The album eventually became record-setting and record-breaking as the only album in history to score number one hits in three separate calendar years—"[[Miss You Much]]" in 1989, "[[Escapade (song)|Escapade]]" and "[[Black Cat (song)|Black Cat]]" in 1990, and "[[Love Will Never Do (Without You)]]" in 1991.<ref>{{cite web | last = Bronson | first = Fred | title = Chart Beat Chat | work = A 'CLUMSY' TRIP | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2007-12-21 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003688261 | accessdate = 2008-03-17}}</ref> Jackson became the first artist to score a number-one hit simultaneously on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and Mainstream Rock singles charts with "Black Cat", and the only artist to have seven top-five singles on the Hot 100 from one album.<ref>{{cite web | title = Janet Jackson Biography | work = | publisher = Billboard | date = | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/bio/index.jsp?pid=4899&cr=artist&or=ASCENDING&sf=length&kw=janet%20jackson| accessdate = 2008-03-09}}</ref> ''Billboard'' named ''Rhythm Nation 1814'' the number-one selling album of the year, winning multiple music awards. The [[Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour]] had an attendance of more than two million people and remains the most successful debut tour by any artist.<ref>{{cite web | last = Sonder | first = Mark | title = Janet Jackson to perform at halftime show | publisher = ''Mark Sonder Productions'' | date = 2003-12-18 | url = http://www.marksonderproductions.com/headline/JanetJackson.html | accessdate = 2008-03-09}}</ref> With the release of the ''Rhythm Nation 1814'' album, Jackson fulfilled her contract with A&M Records.<ref name="Janet Jackson: Biography: Rolling Stone">{{cite web | title = Janet Jackson: Biography: Rolling Stone | publisher = ''Rolling Stone'' | url = http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/janetjackson/biography | accessdate = 2008-04-09}}</ref> In 1991, after being approached personally by [[Virgin Records]] owner [[Richard Branson]], she signed a highly publicized multi-million dollar contract with the label—estimated between [[USD|$]]32-50 million—and became the highest paid female recording artist in contemporary music.<ref name="Recordings View">{{Citation | last1 = Pareles | first1 = Jon | title = Recordings View; A Sex object By the Name Of Jackson. | journal = Academic Search Premier | pages = 32 | publisher = ''[[New York Times]]'' | date = [[1993-05-23]] | year = 1993 | url = https://libris.mtsac.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=30233179&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site | issn = 03624331}}</ref><ref name="Jackson's Double Play">{{Citation | last1 = Wild | first1 = David | title = Jackson's Double Play | journal = Academic Search Premier | issue = 657 | pages = 18 | publisher = ''Rolling Stone'' | date = [[1993-05-27]] | year = 1993 | url = http://libris.mtsac.edu:2279/ehost/detail?vid=5&hid=2&sid=65ce66de-9386-460d-87a2-6d6b1851c49a%40sessionmgr9 | issn = 0035791X}}</ref><ref name="Ebony">{{Citation | last1 = Norment | first1 = Lynn | title = Janet Jackson | journal = Academic Search Premier | volume = 48 | issue = 11 | pages = 36 | publisher = ''[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]'' | date = Sep, 1993 | year = 1993 | url = http://libris.mtsac.edu:2279/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=14&sid=99cc4726-444a-4d72-95d8-f596e5e80e46%40sessionmgr3 | issn = 00129011}}</ref><ref name="Robert Hilburn">{{Citation | last= Hilburn | first= Robert | title= I Think I've Finally Grown Up | newspaper= [[Newsday]] | pages=10 | year=1993 | date= [[1994-06-27]]}}</ref><ref name="virgin contract">{{Citation | last1 = Goldberg | first1 = M. | title = The Jacksons score big | journal = Academic Search Premier | pages = 32 | publisher = ''Rolling Stone'' | date = [[1991-05-02]] | year = 1991 | url = https://libris.mtsac.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9104291442&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site | issn = 0035791X}}</ref> Jackson secretly entered into her second marriage with long-term friend - dancer, songwriter and director [[René Elizondo]]; the couple's relationship did not become public until Elizondo filed for divorce in 2000.<ref name="Janet Jackson Biography: People.com"/> In May 1992, Jackson recorded a song entitled "[[The Best Things in Life Are Free]]" with [[Luther Vandross]], featuring [[Bell Biv Devoe]] and [[Ralph Tresvant]], for the [[Mo' Money]] original motion picture soundtrack.<ref name="Janet Jackson: Biography: Rolling Stone"/> On [[November 19]], [[1992]] ''Rhythm Nation 1814'' was certified 6x platinum and the album had sold eight million copies worldwide.<ref>{{cite web | title = Rhythm Nation 1814 | work = gold and platinum | publisher = Recording Industry Association of America | date = 1992-11-19 | url = http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinum.php | accessdate = 2008-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Gates | first = Henry Louis | coauthors= Anthony Appiah | title = Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American | publisher = Basic Civitas Books | date = 1999 | pages = 1022 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=DfEzhGlnzlkC | isbn = 0465000711}}</ref> ===1993–1999: ''janet.'' and ''The Velvet Rope''=== {{main|janet.|Poetic Justice|The Velvet Rope}} On [[May 4]], [[1993]], Jackson's fifth studio album entitled ''janet.'' debuted via Virgin Records, and became the first by a female artist to debut at number one during the [[Nielsen SoundScan]] era. The title of the album, read "Janet, period.", "announced the singer as completely independent of her male-dominated family [and] it positioned her as the person in charge of her sound".<ref name="Slant review">{{cite web | last= Cinquemani | first=Sal | title = Slant Magazine Music Review: Janet Jackson: janet.| publisher = ''[[Slant (magazine)|Slant]]'' | date = 1993-05-21 | url = http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/music_review.asp?ID=1288 | accessdate = 2008-02-17}}</ref> Like its predecessors, the album contained numerous variations of the new jack swing genre, which hit its peak during the time of ''janet.'s'' debut. Critical reception was generally favorable, but ''janet.'' was considered to be less inspiring than ''Rhythm Nation 1814'' and ''Control'', as Jackson's voice was considered to be lost in the background of Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis' arrangements.<ref>{{cite web | last= Henderson | first= Alex | title = janet. | publisher = Allmusic | date = 2008 | url = http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:kbfpxq9gldke| accessdate = 2008-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last= Browne | first= David | title = janet. | publisher = ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' | date = 1993-05-21 | url = http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,306636,00.html | accessdate = 2008-06-13}}</ref> ''janet.'' marked the beginning of Jackson's exploration of sexuality in her music.<ref>{{Citation | last1 = Ritz | first1 = David | title = Sexual healing | journal = Academic Search Premier | issue = 665 | pages = 38 | publisher = ''[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]]'' | date = [[1993-09-16]] | year = 1993 | url = http://libris.mtsac.edu:2279/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=17&sid=07541c93-84be-44ac-9a5c-635405eb94c3%40sessionmgr2 | issn = 0035791X}}</ref> The album's number one hit single "[[That's the Way Love Goes]]" and the top ten singles "[[If (Janet Jackson song)|If]]," "[[Because of Love]]," "[[You Want This]]" and "[[Any Time, Any Place]]" all introduced listeners to Jackson's sexual fantasies.<ref>{{cite book | last = Brackett | first = Nathan | co-authors= Christian David Hoard, Christian Hoard| title = The New Rolling Stone Album Guide | publisher = ''Simon and Schuster'' | date = 2004 | pages = 411 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=lRgtYCC6OUwC | isbn = 0743201698}}</ref> In July 1993, Jackson made her big-screen debut in the [[John Singleton]] directed, ''Poetic Justice''. Her role received predominately positive reviews, as ''[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]]'' regarded Jackson's performance as "a beguiling film debut" despite her inexperience, while the ''[[Washington Post]]'' considered her "believably eccentric".<ref>{{cite web | title = Poetic Justice | publisher = ''Rolling Stone'' | date = 2000-12-08 | url = http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/5947325/review/5947326/poetic_justice | accessdate = 2008-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last= Howe| first= Desson | title = Poetic Justice | publisher = ''[[Washington Post]]'' | date = 1993-07-23 | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/poeticjusticerhowe_a0afdf.htm| accessdate = 2008-06-13}}</ref> Jackson's ballad "[[Again (Janet Jackson song)|Again]]" was featured on the film's soundtrack, and garnered a [[Golden Globe]] and a nomination for the [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]].<ref name="Janet Jackson: Biography: Rolling Stone"/> During this time period, Jackson's brother Micheal Jackson was immersed in a highly-publicized child sex abuse scandal, of which he denied any wrongdoing.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |last2=Ressner |first2=Jeffrey |last2=Sachs |first2=Andrea |title=Society: Who's Bad? An age of innocence may be at an end as Michael Jackson, the Peter Pan of pop, confronts accusations that he sexually abused one of his young friends | newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]| pages=54 | year=1993 | date=[[1993-09-06]]}}</ref> Jackson lent moral support to her brother and also denied allegations for the first time made by her sister LaToya Jackson's book ''[[La Toya: Growing up in the Jackson Family]]'' (1991) that their parents had abused her and her siblings as children.<ref name="Robert Hilburn">{{Citation | last= Hilburn | first= Robert | title= I Think I've Finally Grown Up | newspaper= [[Newsday]] | pages=10 | year=1993 | date= [[1994-06-27]]}}</ref> In September 1993, Jackson appeared topless on the cover of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine with the hands of her then-husband René Elizondo covering her breasts.<ref name="Janet Jackson Biography: People.com"/> The cover became one of the most celebrated photos ever taken of a rock artist, becoming widely imitated worldwide in entertainment, notably in [[Bollywood]] for Stardust magazine; ''Rolling Stone'' named it 'Most Popular Cover Ever' in 2000. Jackson was criticized for the explicitness of the photograph. ''janet.'' was later certified 6x platinum by the RIAA on [[April 12]], [[1994]], with worldwide sales totaling ten million copies.<ref>{{cite web | title = janet. | work = gold and platinum | publisher = Recording Industry Association of America | date = 1994-04-12 | url = http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinum.php | accessdate = 2008-06-07}}</ref><ref name="Bickelhaupt, Dezell">{{Citation |last1=Bickelhaupt |first1=Susan |last2= Dezell | first2=Maureen | title=Room with a private view | newspaper=[[Boston Globe]] | pages=26 | year=1996 | date=[[1996-01-13]]}}</ref> Jackson collaborated with her brother Michael Jackson on the 1995 single, "[[Scream/Childhood|Scream]]," the lead single from his album ''[[HIStory]].''<ref name="Janet Jackson Biography: People.com"/> The song debuted at #5 on ''Billboard's'' Hot 100 singles chart, becoming the first song ever to debut in the top 5. "Scream" is featured in the ''Guinness Book of Records'' as the "Most Expensive Music Video Ever Made" at a cost of [[USD|$]]7 million. The single also made the highest debut on the Hot Dance Club Play chart at number twelve. In October 1995, Jackson's first compilation album, ''[[Design of a Decade 1986/1996]]'', was released via A&M Records. In 1996, Jackson renewed her contract with Virgin Records for a reported $80 million dollars.<ref name="80 million">{{Citation | title=Janet Jackson Hits Big; $80 Million Record Deal | newspaper=[[Newsday]] | pages=A02 | year=1996 | date=[[1996-01-13]]}}</ref> The contract reestablished her as the highest paid recording artist in contemporary music, suprassing the recording industry's then-unparalled 60 million dollar contracts earned by her brother Michael Jackson and Madonna.<ref name="80 million"/><ref>{{Citation | title=Briefly... | newspaper=[[USA Today]] | year=1996 | date=[[1996-01-14]]}}</ref><ref name="Bickelhaupt, Dezell"/><ref>{{Citation |last1=Davidson |first1=Casey | title=News & Notes | newspaper=Entertainment Weekly | pages=15 | year=1996 | date=[[1996-01-26]]}}</ref> During the recording of Jackson's sixth studio album, she reportedly suffered from depression and anxiety, which fueled the concept behind 1997's ''[[The Velvet Rope]]''. Songs dealing with domestic abuse, depression, self-esteem issues, homophobia, isolation, and S&M made up the bulk of the album's design.<ref>{{cite book | last = Brackett | first = Nathan | coauthors = Nathan Brackett, Christian Hoard | title = The New Rolling Stone Album Guide | publisher = ''Simon and Schuster'' | date = 2004 | pages = 411 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=lRgtYCC6OUwC | isbn = 0743201698}}</ref> In August 1997, the album's lead single, "[[Got 'Til It's Gone]]" was released to radio and was moderately successful. The single sampled the [[Joni Mitchell]] classic, "Big Yellow Taxi" and featured a cameo appearance by rapper [[Q-Tip (rapper)|Q-Tip]]. The album's second single "[[Together Again (Janet Jackson song)|Together Again]]"—an homage to a friend Jackson lost to [[AIDS]]<ref>{{cite book | last = Bronson | first = Fred | title = The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits | publisher = ''Billboard Books'' | date = 2003 | pages = 862 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=PgGqNrqfrsoC | isbn = 0823076776}}</ref>—topped the charts, becoming Jackson's eighth number one hit on the Hot 100 chart, and placing her on par with [[Elton John]], [[Diana Ross]] and [[The Rolling Stones]].<ref name="Jacksons Number Ones">{{cite book | last = Halstead | first = Craig | authorlink = | coauthors = Craig Halstead, Chris Cadman | title = Jacksons Number Ones | publisher = ''Authors On Line'' | date = 2003 | location = | pages = 120 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=tynOwh1E_GAC | isbn = 0755200985}}</ref> The single spent a record 46 weeks on the Hot 100, as well as spending 19 weeks on the UK singles chart.<ref name="Jacksons Number Ones"/> Other songs on the album which dealt with sexual orientation and homophobia, such as her cover version of [[Rod Stewart]]'s 1976 song "[[Tonight's the Night (Gonna Be Alright)]]" and "Free Xone", established Jackson as a [[gay icon]].<ref>{{Citation |last1=McCormick |first1=Neil | title=The Arts: Give her enough rope... Reviews Rock CDs | newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]| pages=11 | year=1997 | date=[[1997-10-18]]}}</ref> In 1998, Jackson began the ''[[The Velvet Rope Tour]]''–an international trek that included Europe, North America, Africa, Asia, New Zealand and Australia. Jackson's HBO special, ''The Velvet Rope: Live in Madison Square Garden'', was watched by more than 15&nbsp;million viewers. The two-hour concert beat the ratings of all four major networks in homes that were subscribed to HBO.<ref>{{cite web | title = HBO's Exclusive Live Concert Event Janet: The Velvet Rope | publisher = [[Time Warner]] | date = 1998-10-14 | url = http://www.timewarner.com/corp/newsroom/pr/0,20812,666900,00.html | accessdate = 2008-03-09}}</ref> The RIAA certified ''The Velvet Rope'' 3x platinum on [[January 15]], [[1999]].<ref>{{cite web | title = The Velvet Rope | work = gold and platinum | publisher = Recording Industry Association of America | date = 1999-01-15 | url = http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinum.php | accessdate = 2008-06-07}}</ref> As her world tour came to a close in 1999, Jackson lent guest vocals to a number of songs by other artists, including [[Shaggy (artist)|Shaggy's]] "Luv Me, Luv Me," for the soundtrack to ''[[How Stella Got Her Groove Back]]'', the Grammy-nominated "God's Stepchild" from the ''Down on the Delta'' soundtrack, "[[Girlfriend/Boyfriend]]" with [[BLACKstreet]], and "[[What's It Gonna Be?!]]" with [[Busta Rhymes]]. Jackson performed a duet with Elton John for the song "I Know The Truth." As 1999 ended, ''Billboard Magazine'' ranked Jackson as the second most successful artist of the decade, behind [[Mariah Carey]].<ref>{{Citation | last1 = Mayfield | first1 = Geoff | title = Totally '90s: Diary of a decade | volume = 111 | issue = 112 | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = [[1999-12-25]] | year = 1999 | issn = 00062510}}</ref> ===2000–2005: ''All for You'' and ''Damita Jo''=== {{main|All for You (album)|Nutty Professor II: The Klumps|Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy|Damita Jo (album)}} In July 2000, Jackson returned to the big screen with her second film, ''Nutty Professor II: The Klumps'', as professor Denise Gaines opposite [[Eddie Murphy]]. She contributed to the film's soundtrack with the track "[[Doesn't Really Matter]]", which became Jackson's ninth number one U.S. ''Billboard'' Hot 100 single. That same year, Jackson's husband Elizondo filed for divorce, which did not finalize until October 2003.<ref name="Janet Jackson Biography: People.com"/> Jackson's seventh album, ''All for You'', was released on [[April 24]], [[2001]]. The album debuted at number one on the ''Billboard'' 200. Selling 605,000 copies, ''All For You'' had the highest first-week sales total of Jackson's career.<ref>{{cite web | last = Martens | first = Todd | title = Janet Reigns Supreme On Billboard Charts | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2001-05-03 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=857415 | accessdate = 2008-04-17}}</ref> ''All For You'' sold more than three million copies in America.<ref name="Together Again">{{cite web | last = Hope | first = Clover | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Together Again: Janet Jackson | work = | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2008-02-04 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003706565 | accessdate = 2008-03-23}}</ref> The album's [[All for You (song)|title track]], which debuted on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 singles chart at #14, became the highest debut ever for a single that wasn't commercially available.<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Janet Jackson Single Breaks Radio, Chart Records | work = | publisher = MTV | date = | url = http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1441454/20010309/jackson_janet.jhtml | accessdate = 2008-03-09}}</ref> The single then reached #1 where it topped the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 singles chart for seven weeks.<ref>{{cite web | last = Martens | first = Todd | title = Seven And Counting For Janet At No. 1 | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2001-05-17 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=869127 | accessdate = 2008-04-17}}</ref> "All For You" made radio airplay history, "[being] added to every pop, rhythmic and urban [[radio station]] that reports to the national trade magazine Radio & Records" in its first week.<ref>{{cite web | last = vanHorn| first = Teri | title = Janet Jackson Single Breaks Radio, Chart Records | publisher = MTV | date = 2001-03-09 | url = http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1441454/20010309/jackson_janet.jhtml | accessdate = 2008-05-23}}</ref> The second single, "[[Someone to Call My Lover]]", which contained a heavy guitar loop of [[America (band)|America's]] "[[Ventura Highway]]", peaked at number 3 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.<ref>{{cite web | last = Caulfield | first = Keith | title = Ask Billboard | work = | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2006-12-24 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003524980 | accessdate = 2008-04-17}}</ref> In 2002, Jackson collaborated with [[reggae]] singer [[Beenie Man]] on the song "[[Feel It Boy]]," which met moderate success. Jackson later admitted regret over the collaboration after discovering Beenie Man's music often contains homophobic lyrics; Jackson issued an apology to her [[gay community|gay]] following in an article contained in ''[[The Voice (newspaper)|The Voice]]''.<ref>{{cite web | last = Weekes | first = Danielle | title = I’M SORRY, SAYS MS JACKSON | publisher = ''[[The Voice (newspaper)|The Voice]]'' | date = 2004-10-16 | url = http://www.voice-online.co.uk/content.php?show=5270 | accessdate = 2008-04-05}}</ref> Jackson then accepted an invitation to join the 2004 Super Bowl festivities. Jackson also began her relationship with record producer [[Jermaine Dupri]] that same year.<ref name="Janet Jackson Biography: People.com"/> During the [[Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy|halftime show of Super Bowl XXXVIII]], Jackson's performance with [[Justin Timberlake]] resulted in the exposure of her right breast when Timberlake tore open Jackson's top. The incident occurred as Timberlake sang the lyric from his single "[[Rock Your Body]]", "gonna have you naked by the end of this song." Jackson apologized, although not to the network directly, calling it an accident, and saying that Timberlake was supposed to pull away the [[bustier]] and leave the red-lace bra intact.<ref name="apologeticjackson">{{cite web | title = Apologetic Jackson says 'costume reveal' went awry | work = | publisher = [[CNN]] | date = 2004-02-03 | url = http://www.cnn.com/2004/US/02/02/superbowl.jackson/ | accessdate = 2006-05-20}}</ref> Timberlake also issued an apology, calling the accident a "wardrobe malfunction".<ref name="apologeticjackson"/> The incident became the most replayed moment in [[TiVo]] history and the most-searched event in the history of the Internet—surpassing the total number of searches for the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Charny | first = Ben | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Janet Jackson still holds TiVo title | work = | publisher = ''News.com'' | date = | url = http://www.news.com/Janet-Jackson-still-holds-TiVo-title/2100-1041_3-5388626.html | accessdate = 2008-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Janet Makes History | publisher = ''Lycos'' | date = 2004-02-04 | url = http://50.lycos.com/020404.asp| accessdate = 2008-09-03}}</ref> This subsequently earned Jackson a place in the ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' as "Most Searched in Internet History."<ref name="Star-studded 2007 edition of Guinness World Records released">{{cite web | title = Star-studded 2007 edition of Guinness World Records released | work = | publisher = ''CBC News'' | date = 2006-09-29 | url = http://www.cbc.ca/arts/story/2006/09/29/guinness-record-book.html | accessdate = 2006-09-30}}</ref> CBS, the [[National Football League|NFL]], and MTV (CBS's sister network that produced the halftime show), denied any knowledge and all responsibility of the incident under a hail of criticism. Still, the [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]] continued an investigation. Jackson issued a public apology during a video broadcast, in addition to her initial written statement. <blockquote>I am really sorry if I offended anyone. That was truly not my intention ...MTV, CBS, the NFL had no knowledge of this whatsoever, and unfortunately, the whole thing went wrong in the end.<ref>{{cite web | title = Jackson's apology can't stem mass anger | publisher = [[ESPN]] | date = | url = http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/playoffs03/news/story?id=1724968&partnersite=espn | accessdate = 2008-03-09}}</ref></blockquote> CBS would only let Jackson and Timberlake appear on the 2004 46th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony if they each made a public apology to the network itself and not under the ruse it was a "wardrobe malfunction"; Timberlake issued an apology, Jackson did not.<ref>{{cite web | last = Leopold | first = Todd | title = Beyonce tops with five Grammys | work = | publisher = CNN | date = 2004-02-09 | url = http://www.cnn.com/2004/SHOWBIZ/Music/02/08/grammy.night/index.html | accessdate = 2008-04-03}}</ref> Jermaine Dupri left his post on the [[Grammy Awards]] committee after Jackson refused to apologize again for the Super Bowl incident.<ref>{{cite web | last = Gallo | first = Phil | title = Beyonce beats the rap at the Grammys | work = | publisher = ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' | date = 2004-02-09 | url = http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117899800.html?categoryid=16&cs=1 | accessdate = 2008-04-03}}</ref> The controversy surrounding the incident halted plans for Jackson to star in a made-for-TV [[biopic]] on the life on singer [[Lena Horne]] for [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC-TV]]. Though Horne was reportedly displeased with the Super Bowl halftime antics and insisted that ABC pull Jackson from the project, according to Jackson's representatives, she withdrew from the project willingly.<ref>{{cite web | title = Horne: Janet Jackson, don't play me | work = [[Associated Press]] | publisher = CNN | date = 2004-02-04 | url = http://www.cnn.com/2004/SHOWBIZ/TV/02/24/tv.janetjackson.ap/ | accessdate = 2008-04-03}}</ref> In March 2004, Jackson's eighth studio album, ''[[Damita Jo (album)|Damita Jo]]'', was released debuting at number two.<ref name="DA SCOOP ON 'DAMITA JO'">{{cite web | title = Ask Billboard | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2004-11-04 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000706333 | accessdate = 2008-05-03}}</ref> Despite the album's strong debut, its three singles all failed to become Top 40 hits.<ref name="DA SCOOP ON 'DAMITA JO'"/> Jackson appeared as a host of ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on [[April 10, 2004]], where she performed a skit that parodied the Super Bowl incident. She also appeared in the popular television sitcom ''[[Will & Grace]]'' playing herself, interacting with sitcom characters [[Karen Walker (Will & Grace)|Karen Walker]] and [[Jack McFarland]] as Jack was auditioning to be one of her back-up dancers. By the end of 2004, ''Damita Jo'' had sold 942,000 copies in the United States and was eventually certified platinum by the RIAA, but was considered a commercial disappointment compared to Jackson's previous albums.<ref name="DA SCOOP ON 'DAMITA JO'"/><ref>{{cite web | title = Damita Jo | work = gold and platinum | publisher = Recording Industry Association of America | date = 2004 | url = http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinum.php | accessdate = 2008-06-13}}</ref> Lackluster sales of ''Damita Jo'' have been speculated to be not only a result of negative publicity from the Super Bowl incident, but also due to MTV's "blacklisting" of Jackson's music videos.<ref name="Feedback Is In">{{cite web | last =Johnson, Jr. | first = Billy | title = Janet: "Feedback" Is In | work = | publisher = Yahoo! | date = 2008-01-09 | url = http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/hiphopmediatraining/12773/janet-feedback-is-in | accessdate = 2008-03-23}}</ref> Jermaine Dupri, the then-president of the urban music department at Virgin Records, expressed "sentiments of nonsupport from the label."<ref name="Together Again"/> ===2006–present: ''20 Y.O.'' and ''Discipline''=== {{main|20 Y.O.|Why Did I Get Married?|Discipline (Janet Jackson album)}} Jackson celebrated her fortieth birthday with a party at Shereen Arazms Shag in Los Angeles. In attendance were many of her former female dancers as well as singer [[Stevie Wonder]], who serenaded her.<ref>{{cite web | last = Crosbie | first = Thomas | title = Jackson celebrates 40th birthday | work = Thomas Crosbie Media | publisher = ''Ireland Online'' | date = 2006-05-19 | url = http://breakingnews.iol.ie/entertainment/story.asp?j=183238770&p=y83z39476 | accessdate = 2006-05-22}}</ref> Jackson appeared on the cover of ''[[Us Weekly]]'' in June 2006, which became the magazine's best-selling issue ever.<ref>{{cite web | title = Ms. Jackson Visits Us (We Are for Real!) | publisher = ''[[US Weekly]]'' | date = | url = http://www.usmagazine.com/node/1246 | accessdate = 2008-04-09}}</ref> Virgin Records released Jackson's ninth studio album, ''[[20 Y.O.]]'', on [[September 26]], [[2006]]. ''20 Years Old'', the album title, represents "a celebration of the joyful liberation and history-making musical style of her 1986 breakthrough album, ''Control''."<ref name="Janet's Juggernaut">{{cite web | last = Coveney | first = Janine | title = Janet's Juggernaut | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2006-09-05 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003087367 | accessdate = 2008-03-23}}</ref> Jackson and producers Jimmy Jam, Terry Lewis and Jermaine Dupri focused the album's production to R&B and dance oriented music—the two genres which made her famous.<ref>{{cite web | last = Coveney | first = Janine | co-authors= Gail Mitchell | title = Janet Ready To Dance Again On New Album | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2006-09-01 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003086326 | accessdate = 2008-06-14}}</ref> ''20 Y.O.'' garnered modest critical reception, with many commentators asserting the album did not meet the awe inspiring production of its namesake, ''Control''.<ref>{{cite web | last = Kellman | first = Andy | title = 20 Y.O. > Overview | publisher = Allmusic | date = 2006 | url = http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:4y66mpea9f8o | accessdate = 2008-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Willman | first = Chris | title = 20 Y.O. Music Review | publisher = ''Entertainment Weekly'' | date = 2006-09-29 | url = http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1540571,00.html | accessdate = 2008-06-14}}</ref> The album debuted at number two on the ''Billboard'' 200, selling over 296,000 copies in its first week.<ref name="dethrone">{{cite web | last = Hasty | first = Katie | title = Janet Dethrones Jack To Top Billboard 200 | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2008-03-05 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003719609 | accessdate = 2008-05-03}}</ref> The album's lead single "[[Call on Me (Janet Jackson song)|Call on Me]]"—a duet with [[rapper]] [[Nelly]]—became the only single to peak in the top 40, hitting number 25 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 singles chart. The album was nominated for a Grammy for [[Best Contemporary R&B Album]], but did not win the award.<ref>{{cite web | title = The 2007 Grammy Awards: Your Complete Guide | publisher = ''Rolling Stone'' | date = 2007-01-25| url = http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/13248587/the_2007_grammy_awards_your_complete_guide/5 | accessdate = 2008-04-14}}</ref> ''20 Y.O.'' was eventually certified platinum, but sold less than its predecessor ''Damita Jo''.<ref>{{cite web | title = 'Tis the Season for Precious Metals | publisher = Recording Industry Association of America | date = 2006-12-11| url = http://www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?news_month_filter=&news_year_filter=2006&resultpage=&id=700F6E73-C33E-660D-47BD-92A21E261144 | accessdate = 2008-05-03}}</ref> Jermaine Dupri, who co-produced ''20 Y.O.'', left his position as head of urban music at Virgin following the commercial disappointment of Jackson's album.<ref>{{cite web | last = Bronson | first = Fred | title = CHART BEAT CHAT | work = WHAT'S UP WITH JANET? | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2008-03-07 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003316001 | accessdate = 2008-03-23}}</ref> The release of ''20 Y.O.'' satisfied Jackson's contract with Virgin Records.<ref>{{cite web | last = Friedman | first = Roger | title = Janet Jackson's Boyfriend Quits Job Over Her | publisher = [[Fox News]] | date = 2006-10-21| url = http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,223138,00.html | accessdate = 2008-04-14}}</ref> Dupri and Jackson later joined the [[Universal Music Group]] label [[Island Records]]. Jackson starred opposite Tyler Perry as a [[psychotherapist]] named Patrica in the feature film ''[[Why Did I Get Married?]]''. Filming began on [[March 5]], [[2007]], and the film was released on [[October 12]], [[2007]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Jackson Gets Married | publisher = ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' | date = | url = http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117960194.html?categoryid=2479&cs=1 | accessdate = 2007-02-27}}</ref> The film opened at number one at the box office, grossing $21.4&nbsp;million in its first week.<ref>{{cite web | last = Ryan | first = Joal | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Just Call It Tyler Perry's Box Office | work = | publisher = ''[[E! News]]'' | date = 2007-10-15| url = http://www.eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=f2434f0c-455b-44bd-a7cd-0b060a1545bc | accessdate = 2008-04-09}}</ref> In February 2008, Jackson was nominated for and won the [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture]] for her role.<ref>{{cite web | last = Orloff | first = Brian | coauthors = Alondra Hernandez | title = Denzel Washington, Janet Jackson Win NAACP Prizes | publisher = ''People'' | date = 2008-02-15| url = http://www.people.com/people/package/article/0,,20168756_20178364,00.html | accessdate = 2008-04-09}}</ref> In July 2007, Jackson changed labels and signed a new record contract with Island Records–under the same ownership as her first label, A&M Records. Jackson's tenth studio album, ''[[Discipline (Janet Jackson album)|Discipline]]'', which was an acknowledgment of Jackson's commitment, focus and dedication to her career, was released on [[February 26]], [[2008]] under the supervision of label head [[Antonio "L.A." Reid]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Rodriguez | first = Jayson | coauthors = Liz Hernandez | title = Janet Jackson Shows Off Sense Of Discipline With New Album | publisher = MTV | date = 2008-02-13| url = http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1581513/20080213/jackson_janet.jhtml | accessdate = 2008-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Crosley | first = Hillary | title = Dupri: Janet Jackson Inks With Island Urban | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2007-07-13| url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003611433 | accessdate = 2008-03-09}}</ref> Accompanied by record producer Jermaine Dupri, ''Discipline'' was Jackson's first album for the [[Island Def Jam Music Group]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Concepcion | first = Mariel | | title = 'Feedback' To Precede New Janet Album | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2007-12-13| url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003685115 | accessdate = 2008-03-09}}</ref> Jackson and Jermaine Dupri severed as executive producers; long-term collaborators Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis did not contribute and ''Discipline'' was the first album on which Jackson did not co-write any of the material since 1984's ''Dream Street''.<ref name="All music guide">{{cite web |first=Andy |last=Kellman |url=http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&token=&sql=10:w9fqxzwjldke |title=Discipline overview |publisher=allmusic |accessdate=2008-04-30}}</ref> Although sales were less than that of ''Damita Jo'' and ''20 Y.O.'', ''Discipline'' peaked in America on the ''Billboard 200'' at number one with over 181,000 copies sold during that week, becoming Jackson's first number one album since ''All For You'' (2001).<ref name="Janet Tops Michael">{{cite web | last = Grein | first = Paul | title = Week Ending March 2, 2008: Jackson Family Drama--Janet Tops Michael In #1 Albums | publisher = ''[[Yahoo!]]'' | date = 2008-03-02 | url = http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/5027/week-ending-march-2-2008-jackson-family-dramajanet-tops-michael-in-1-albums | accessdate = 2008-09-03 }}</ref><ref name="dethrone"/> Critical reception was generally positive as the album was said to be "as innocent, universal, and inviting as anything else in Janet's past", but other critics referred to the musical and lyrical content as "cheesy" and "bizarre", denouncing the overt sexual theme throughout the album.<ref name="All music guide"/><ref>{{cite web | last = Watson | first = Margeaux | title = Discipline Music Review | publisher = ''Entertainment Weekly'' | date = 2008 | url = http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20178215,00.html | accessdate = 2008-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Cairns | first = Dan | title = Janet Jackson: Discipline - the Sunday Times review | publisher = ''[[Sunday Times]]'' | date = 2008-03-02 | url = http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/cd_reviews/article3453694.ece | accessdate = 2008-06-14}}</ref> On [[December 12]] [[2007]], the first single from the album, "[[Feedback (song)|Feedback]]", was leaked to select radio stations in the United States. On the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, the single originally peaked and remained in the top 50 for over six weeks, but after the album's release, it climbed to #19 on the Hot 100. It became Jackson's biggest hit single since "Someone To Call My Lover" in 2001. Though ''Discipline'' was widely expected to be Jackson's "comeback" album—similar to [[Mary J. Blige]]'s ''[[The Breakthrough]]'' and Mariah Carey's ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]''—Jackson has asserted that she has never stopped making music, and therefore, talks of a 'comeback' were misguided.<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Janet Jams | work = | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2008-02-24 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003714745 | accessdate = 2008-04-05}}</ref> Jackson is expected to tour in support of the album, and is planning to visit [[Australia]], [[Africa]], [[Asia]], and [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Graff | first = Gary | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Janet Jackson Sets Sights On Fall Tour, Book | work = | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2008-03-07 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003721856 | accessdate = 2008-04-05}}</ref> ==Artistry== ===Influences=== Jackson has credited her primary musical influences to be her elder brothers Michael and Jermaine.<ref name="Sex, sadness & the triumph of Janet Jackson">{{cite web | last= Ritz | first= David | title = Sex, sadness & the triumph of Janet Jackson | publisher = ''Rolling Stone'' | date = 1998-10-01 | url = http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5938082/sex_sadness__the_triumph_of_janet_jackson | accessdate = 2008-04-23}}</ref> Her musical style has encompassed a broad range of genres, including R&B, pop, new jack swing, soul, rap, rock, and dance. David Ritz of ''Rolling Stone'' compares Jackson's musical style to that of [[Marvin Gaye]]; Jackson, much like Gaye, has relied heavily on personal experience as the source of her music.<ref name="Sex, sadness & the triumph of Janet Jackson"/> Other artists attributed to have influenced Jackson's music are [[The Ronettes]], [[Dionne Warwick]], [[Tammi Terrell]] and [[Diana Ross]].<ref name="influence">{{cite web | title = Janet Jackson: Rolling Stone | publisher = ''Rolling Stone'' | date = 2008 | url = http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/janetjackson | accessdate = 2008-04-23}}</ref> As a dancer, Jackson was heavily influenced by the choreography of [[Fred Astaire]] and [[Michael Kidd]] among others.<ref name="Envisioning">{{cite book | last = Mitoma | first = Judy | co-authors= Judith Mitoma, Elizabeth Zimmer, Dale Ann Stieber, Nelli Heinonen, Norah Zuňiga Shaw| title = Envisioning dance on film and video | publisher = Routledge | date = 2002 | pages = 16 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=m09vjqEmeX4C | isbn = 0415941717}}</ref> ===Voice, themes and genres=== Jackson's voice has been classified as [[mezzo-soprano]], though the singer has been noted for having a limited vocal range.<ref>{{cite book | last = Dean | first = Maury | title = Rock-N-Roll Gold Rush | publisher = ''Algora Publishing'' | date = 2003 | pages = 34| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=lJS4EArRBwoC | isbn = 0875862071}}</ref><ref name="Janet Jackson: Biography: Rolling Stone"/><ref name="Janet Jackson - From The Vaults - REVIEWS">{{cite web | last= Appleford | first= Steve | title = Janet Jackson - From The Vaults - REVIEWS | publisher = ''Virgin'' | date = 2001 | url = http://www.virginmegamagazine.com/?aid=40F | accessdate = 2008-04-23}}</ref> Critics have caregorized "Jackson's small voice [as] a minor ingredient in a larger sonic blend by masterminds Jam and Lewis," however, other commentators observe this has never hindered Jackson's career.<ref name="Janet Jackson - From The Vaults - REVIEWS"/> {{Quote|Her wispy voice was a pale echo of Michael's, but on Janet's albums - and in her videos and live performances, which revealed a crisp, athletic dance technique not unlike her brother's - singing wasn't the point. Her slamming beats, infectious hooks, and impeccable production values were perfectly suited to the breezy zeal with which she declared her social and sexual independence.|''Rolling Stone''<ref name="Janet Jackson: Biography: Rolling Stone"/>}} {{sound sample box align right|Audio samples: }} {{multi-listen start|Audio sample of:}} {{multi-listen item|filename=Janet Jackson - Rhythm Nation.ogg|title="Rhythm Nation" (1989)|description=One of the most profound examples of new jack swing is found in "Rhythm Nation". The use of [[sampling (music)|sample loop]] and triple swing are present, while vocals for the song are alternatively sung in octaves or rapped in spoken verse.|format=[[Ogg]]}} {{multi-listen item|filename=BlackCatsample.ogg|title="Black Cat" (1989)|description=Jackson's self-written [[rock music|rock]] anthem "Black Cat", featuring guitarist David Barry and produced by Jellybean Johnson. Recorded using a mixture of rockman and Marshall amplifier to give it a heavy metal sound.|format=[[Ogg]]}} {{multi-listen end}} {{sample box end}} In 1986, when Jackson, Jam and Lewis crafted the breakthrough album ''Control'', it became Jackson's declaration of independence. In the opening of the album's title-track, Jackson states "This is a story about control", while the lyrical content of the song describes Jackson's personal freedom after a lifetime of obeying the instruction of others.<ref name="She's a rebel"/> The theme of independence is prevalent throughout the album, as in the singles "Nasty" when Jackson asserts to a male suitor "My name ain't baby" and challenges an inattentive boyfriend in "What Have You Done for Me Lately".<ref name="She's a rebel"/> Jackson's follow-up album, ''Rhythm Nation 1814'', displayed themes dealing with social injustices—racism, poverty, and crime among others. The 1993 ''janet.'' album contained the overt theme of sexual freedom, while ''The Velvet Rope'' began to explore S&M among other themes such as domestic abuse, depression, homophobia, and low self-esteem. Jackson has consistently used R&B as a primary genre throughout the course of her recording career. When producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis produced Jackson's 1986 album ''Control'', they introduced the emerging style of new jack swing into her music.<ref name="The New Blue Music"/> New jack swing, which incorporates R&B, [[soul music|soul]], [[jazz]], and [[funk]], as well as use of sample loop, triple swing and other various musical techniques, was created in part by [[L.A. Reid]], [[Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds]], and [[Teddy Riley]] in the mid 1980s.<ref name="new jack swing">{{cite web | title = New jack swing | publisher = [[Encyclopedia Britannica]] | date = 2008 | url = http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9118539/New-jack-swing | accessdate = 2008-06-14}}</ref> Described as "the most pop-oriented rhythm-and-blues music since 1960s Motown," the genre was promoted as the "Sound of Young Black America."<ref name="new jack swing"/> Jam and Lewis continued to incorporate new jack swing into Jackson's later album's ''Rhythm Nation 1814'' and ''janet.'' ''The Velvet Rope'' saw Jackson expand into [[adult contemporary music|adult contemporary]], [[hip hop music|hip hop]], and traditional soul and funk, abandoning new jack swing.<ref name="All Music Guide to Rock">{{cite book | last = Bogdanov | first = Vladimir | coauthors = Chris Woodstra, Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Ned Raggett | title = All Music Guide to Rock: The Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul | publisher = Backbeat Books | date = 2002 | pages = 570 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=1-pH4i3jXvAC | isbn = 087930653X}}</ref> ''All for You'', as well as subsequent albums ''Damita Jo'' and ''20 Y.O.'', involved numerous [[dance-pop]]-oriented songs, while ''Discipline'' merged dance-pop with [[electronic music|electronic]] beats, in addition to the familiar R&B style to which Jackson is accustom.<ref name="All Music Guide to Rock"/><ref>{{cite web | last= Cinquemani | first= Sal | title = Slant Magazine- Music Review: Janet Jackson: Discipline | publisher = ''[[Slant (magazine)|Slant]]'' | date = 2008-02-20 | url = http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/music_review.asp?ID=1296 | accessdate = 2008-06-14}}</ref> ===Choreography=== As a child, Jackson routinely watched movie musicals with her brother Michael when they were not performing.<ref name="Envisioning"/> After Michael Jackson, and subsequently all recording artists began to make music videos in order to promote their albums, Janet Jackson drew her inspiration from the musicals she watched in her youth.<ref name="Envisioning"/> <blockquote>Not since James Brown, Chubby Checker, and Elvis Presley wove dance and movement into their performances in the 1960s did the pop music world have so many charismatic vocalists who could dance.<ref name="Envisioning"/></blockquote> Jackson asked Michael Kidd to co-create her 1989 music video for "Alright", which was an homage to his opening sequence in the 1950 [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] production of ''[[Guys and Dolls]]''.<ref name="Envisioning"/> Throughout her career, Jackson has worked with numerous professional choreographers such as [[Paula Abdul]] and [[Tina Landon]], working with both throughout her ''Control'' and ''Rhythm Nation 1814'' years. Landon also took part in the choreography for Janet and Michael Jackson's music video "Scream".<ref>{{cite book | last = Cutcher | first = Jenai | title = Feel the Beat: Dancing in Music Videos | publisher = The Rosen Publishing Group | date = 2003 | pages = 14-16 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=vnD4sljDkDUC | isbn = 0823945588}}</ref> With a career in dance music which spans two decades, Jackson's choreography has been credited for setting the benchmark for a number of contemporary artists.<ref name="Janet, Mariah And Madonna Fight For The Diva Crown">{{cite web | last= Johnson, Jr. | first= Billy | title = Janet, Mariah And Madonna Fight For The Diva Crown | publisher = [[Yahoo!]] | date = 2008-03-31 | url = http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/hiphopmediatraining/18337/janet-mariah-and-madonna-fight-for-the-diva-crown | accessdate = 2008-04-25}}</ref><ref name="Janet's Juggernaut"/> ==Public image== {{see also|pop icon|Janet Jackson as gay icon}} The baby sister of the "precious Jackson clan"<ref>{{cite book | last = Strong | first = Martin | title = The Great Rock Discography: Complete Discographies Listing Every Track | publisher = Canongate U.S. | date = 2004 | pages = 749 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=2bxf_kPsUucC | isbn = 1841956155}}</ref> and the "King of Pop"<ref>{{cite book | last = Lewis (Jones) | first = Jel | title = Michael Jackson, the King of Pop: The Big Picture : the Music! the Man! the Legend! the Interviews! | publisher = ''Amber Books Publishing'' | date = 2005 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=LuEPnk7irOMC | isbn = 097497790X}}</ref>—Michael Jackson—Janet Jackson has strived to distance her professional career from that of her older brother and the rest of the Jackson family. Throughout her recording career, one of her common conditions for interviewers has been that there be no mention of Michael.<ref name="Don't mention Michael"/> Despite being born into a family of entertainers, Janet Jackson has managed to establish her unique impact on the recording industry—rivaling not only several female entertainers including [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]], [[Mariah Carey]] and [[Whitney Houston]], but also her brother—while "successfully [shifting] her image from a strong, independent young woman to a sexy, mature adult".<ref name="biography"/><ref name="Janet, Mariah And Madonna Fight For The Diva Crown"/> Jackson's musical style, influenced by long time collaborators Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, along with her photogenic beauty and signature choreographed dance routines have contributed to her global success as an entertainer.<ref>{{cite book | last = Hoffmann | first = Frank W. | authorlink = | coauthors = Howard Ferstler | title = Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound | publisher = ''[[Routledge]]'' | date = 2005 | location = NY | pages = 229-230 | url = | isbn = 9780203603284}}</ref> When the American music industry began its economic recovery in the mid-1980s from the fall of the [[disco era]], Janet Jackson, among other multi-platinum selling music artists, was acknowledged for stimulating the overall increase in consumer purchasing of LPs, cassette tapes and CDs.<ref>{{cite book | last = Starr | first = Larry | coauthors = Christopher Alan Waterman | title = American Popular Music : The Rock Years | publisher = ''New York Oxford University Press'' | date = 2006 | location = NY | pages = 231 | isbn = 9780195300529}}</ref> Though it was Michael Jackson's ''[[Thriller (music video)|Thriller]]'' that originally synchronized [[music video]] with album sales, Janet Jackson, along with Madonna, Whitney Houston, [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], [[Guns n' Roses]] and [[U2]], saw the visualization of her music elevate her to the status of a [[pop icon|pop culture icon]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Cullen | first = Jim | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Popular Culture in American History | publisher = ''[[Blackwell Publishing]]'' | date = 2001 | location = | pages = 280 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=ls0OxEXIkU8C | isbn = 0631219587}}</ref> {{Quote|As princess of America's black royal family, everything Janet Jackson does is important. Whether proclaiming herself in charge of her life, as she did on Control (1986), or commander in chief of a rhythm army dancing to fight society's problems (Rhythm Nation 1814, from 1989), she's influential. And when she announces her sexual maturity [''janet.'']...it's a cultural moment.|''Rolling Stone''<ref>{{cite web | title = Janet: Janet Jackson: Review: Rolling Stone | publisher = ''Rolling Stone'' | date = 1993-06-24 | url = http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/182126/review/6067467/janet | accessdate = 2008-04-18}}</ref>}} In addition to her status as a pop icon, Jackson was named "Best Female Sex Symbol" in 1994 and one of the greatest African-American sex symbols by ''[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]'' in 2005.<ref>{{cite book | last = Warner | first = Jay | title = On this Day in Black Music History | publisher = ''Hal Leonard'' | date = 2006 | pages = 28 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=ls0OxEXIkU8C | isbn = 0634099264}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = The greatest African-American sex symbols | publisher = ''Johnson Publishing Co.'' | date = 2005-11-01 | url = http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-138011091.html | accessdate = 2008-04-25}}</ref> Jackson has also been recognized as a gay icon, awarded by several [[LGBT]] organizations for her contribution to AIDS-related charities as well as being a long-term ally of the [[gay community]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glaad.org/media/release_detail.php?id=4308 |title=Janet Jackson to be Honored at 19th Annual GLAAD Media Awards in Los Angeles |accessdate=2008-06-10 |last=McCarthy |first=Marc |work=[[Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation|GLAAD]] |date=[[April 1]] [[2008]]}}</ref> ==Legacy== {{main|List of Janet Jackson awards|Grammy nominations for Janet Jackson|MTV Video Music Award nominations for Janet Jackson|American Music Award nominations for Janet Jackson}} Since 1986, Jackson has produced thirty-two number-one singles on various [[Billboard charts|''Billboard'' charts]]. With fourteen number one hits on the ''Billboard'' [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks]] chart, Jackson stands in second place among female artists with the most R&B/Hip-Hop hit singles, behind [[Aretha Franklin]], who has twenty.<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Artist of the Week: Janet Jackson | work = | publisher = [[MTV]] | date = 2008-02-25 | url = http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2008/02/25/artist-of-the-week-janet-jackson/#more-2143 | accessdate = 2008-09-03 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Chart Beat Bonus | work = | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2001-04-06 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=821736 | accessdate = 2008-03-12}}</ref> Jackson's ''Control'', ''Rhythm Nation 1814'', and ''janet.'' made her the only recording artist ever to score five or more top ten [[Single (music)|singles]] from three consecutive albums.<ref>{{cite web | last = Bronson | first = Fred | title = Chart Beat Chat | work = | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2006-03-24 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1002235740 | accessdate = 2008-09-03 }}</ref> ''Rhythm Nation 1814'' also enabled Jackson to become the first recording artist to ever achieve seven top five hit singles from a single album.<ref name="biography">{{cite web | last = Huey | first = Steve | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Janet Jackson | work = All Music Guide | publisher = [[MTV]] | date = | url = http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/jackson_janet/artist.jhtml#bio| accessdate = 2008-09-12}}</ref> Jackson's tenth studio album ''Discipline'', which became her sixth album to debut at number one, has allowed her to surpass brother Michael's five number one studio albums.<ref>{{cite web | last = Grein | first = Paul | title = Week Ending March 2, 2008: Jackson Family Drama--Janet Tops Michael In #1 Albums | publisher = ''[[Yahoo!]]'' | date = 2008-03-05 | url = http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/5027/week-ending-march-2-2008-jackson-family-dramajanet-tops-michael-in-1-albums | accessdate = 2008-05-11}}</ref> At the 1999 [[World Music Awards]], Jackson received the Legend Award alongside [[Cher]] for "lifelong contribution to the music industry and outstanding contribution to the pop industry."<ref name="World Music Awards">{{cite web | title = Global Pulse: Smith, Hill Top World Awards | work = Global Pulse | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 1999-05-06 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=947178| accessdate = 2008-09-16}}</ref> Recognized as one of the biggest female pop and R&B stars of the 1980s and 1990s,<ref name="biography"/> Jackson was awarded a top honor from the [[American Music Awards]]—the Award of Merit—in March 2001 for "her finely crafted, critically acclaimed and socially conscious, multi-platinum albums."<ref>{{cite web | title = Billboard Bits: AMAs, They Might Be Giants, Ricky Scaggs | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2001-01-04 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=411513| accessdate = 2008-05-03}}</ref> Jackson became the inaugural honoree of the "[[MTV Icon|mtvICON]]" award—an annual recognition of artists who have made significant contributions to music, music video, and pop culture while tremendously impacting the MTV generation.<ref name="mtvICON">{{cite web | last = Jeckell | first = Barry | title = MTV To Honor Janet Jackson | work = | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2001-01-10 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=415363 | accessdate = 2008-03-16}}</ref> The ceremony featured performances by [[Destiny's Child]], [[N'Sync]], [[Pink (singer)|Pink]], [[Mýa]], [[Usher (entertainer)|Usher]], [[Macy Gray]], [[Britney Spears]] and others.<ref>{{cite web | last = Cohen | first = Jonathan | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Destiny's Child, 'N Sync, Others To Honor Janet? | work = | publisher = ''Billboard'' | date = 2001-02-15 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=516550 | accessdate = 2008-03-16}}</ref> Jackson has been credited for influencing a number of female R&B music artists, including [[Ciara]], [[Beyoncé Knowles]], [[Cassie (singer)|Cassie]], [[Aaliyah]], [[Brandy (entertainer)|Brandy]], and [[Monica (singer)|Monica]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Osorio | first = Kim | title = One-On-One: Janet Jackson | publisher = [[BET]] | date = 2006-09-19 | url = http://www.bet.com/Music/News/janetjacksononeonone.htm | accessdate = 2008-04-23}}</ref><ref name="influence"/> In 2003, Jackson's ''Design of a Decade 1986/1996'', ''Rhythm Nation 1814'', ''Control'', ''janet.'' and ''The Velvet Rope'' were listed on the [[List of BMG Music Club's top selling albums in the United States|BMG Music Club's 100 Biggest Selling Albums in the U.S.]], coming in at #9, #35, #58, #63 and #95, respectively.<ref>{{cite web | title = Shania, Backstreet, Britney, Emimen and Janet Top All Time Sellers | publisher = Music Industry News Network | date = | url = http://www.mi2n.com/press.php3?press_nb=47877 | accessdate = 2008-03-09}}</ref> Jackson's ''The Velvet Rope'' and ''Rhythm Nation 1814'' were named by ''Rolling Stone'' magazine as two of The [[500 Greatest Albums of All Time]], coming in at #256 and #275.<ref name="500 Greatest Albums">{{cite web| title = The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All Time | publisher = ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' | url = http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5938174/the_rs_500_greatest_albums_of_all_time | accessdate = 2008-03-09}}</ref> On [[June 18]], [[2005]], Janet was awarded a Humanitarian Award by the [[Human Rights Campaign]], a national gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender civil rights organization and [[AIDS Project Los Angeles]] on behalf of her work and involvement in raising money for AIDS charities.<ref>{{cite web | title = ABC News: Janet Jackson | work = | publisher = ABC News | date = 2005-06-18 | url = http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/WinterConcert/popup?id=4299523&contentIndex=1&page=10 | accessdate = 2008-04-09}}</ref> In 2006, it was announced that Jackson was the "Most Searched in Internet History" and the "Most Searched for News Item" by the ''Guinness World Records'' as a result of the halftime show controversy of Super Bowl XXXVIII.<ref name="Star-studded 2007 edition of Guinness World Records released"/> The following year, Jackson's ''Control'' and ''janet.'' were listed by the [[National Association of Recording Merchandisers]] and the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] as two of the 200 Definitive Albums of All Time, coming in at #87 and #151, respectively.<ref name="Definitive 200">{{cite web | title = Definitive 200 | publisher = The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum | url = http://www.rockhall.com/pressroom/definitive-200 | accessdate = 2008-04-08}}</ref> In addition, Jackson was ranked the 7th richest woman in the entertainment business by ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine, having amassed a fortune of over [[United States dollar|$]]150 million.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web | last = Goldman | first = Lea | coauthors = Kiri Blakeley | title = The 20 Richest Women In Entertainment | publisher = ''[[Forbes]]'' | date = 2001-01-18 | url = http://www.forbes.com/2007/01/17/richest-women-entertainment-tech-media-cz_lg_richwomen07_0118womenstars_lander.html | accessdate = 2008-09-03 }}</ref> On April 26, 2008, Jackson received the [[Vanguard Award]]—a media award from the [[Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation]] to honor members of the entertainment community who have made a significant difference in promoting equal rights for [[LGBT]] people—at the 19th Annual GLAAD Media Awards.<ref>{{cite web | title = Janet to be honored at 19th annual GLADD Media Awards in Los Angeles - April 26th! | publisher = Island Records | date = | url = http://www.islandrecords.com/site/artist_newsinfo.php?artist_id=679&uf_item_id=1-104693 | accessdate = 2008-03-09}}</ref> Jackson also appeared in a [[public service announcement]] sponsored by [[Logo (TV channel)|Logo]] and [[GLSEN]]—the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network—in response to the [[E.O. Green School shooting]].<ref>{{cite web | title = GLSEN Partners with LOGO to Launch PSA in Wake of Lawrence King Tragedy | publisher = [[GLSEN]] | date = 2008-03-10 | url = http://www.glsen.org/cgi-bin/iowa/all/news/record/2277.html | accessdate = 2008-05-16}}</ref> ==Discography== {{main|Janet Jackson discography}} *1982: ''[[Janet Jackson (album)|Janet Jackson]]'' *1984: ''[[Dream Street (album)|Dream Street]]'' *1986: ''[[Control (Janet Jackson album)|Control]]'' *1989: ''[[Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814|Rhythm Nation 1814]]'' *1993: ''[[janet.]]'' *1997: ''[[The Velvet Rope]]'' *2001: ''[[All for You (album)|All for You]]'' *2004: ''[[Damita Jo (album)|Damita Jo]]'' *2006: ''[[20 Y.O.]]'' *2008: ''[[Discipline (Janet Jackson album)|Discipline]]'' ==Tours== *1990: [[Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour]] *1993-1995: [[janet. Tour]] *1998-1999: [[The Velvet Rope Tour]] *2001-2002: [[All for You Tour]] *2008: [[Rock Witchu Tour]] ==Other works== {{main|Janet Jackson videography}} {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} ===Television series=== *1976-1977: ''[[The Jacksons (TV series)|The Jacksons]]'' *1977-1979: ''[[Good Times]]'' *1979-1980: ''[[A New Kind of Family]]'' *1980-1984: ''[[Diff'rent Strokes]]'' *1984-1985: ''[[Fame (1982 TV series)|Fame]]'' {{col-2}} ===Films=== *1993: ''[[Poetic Justice]]'' *2000: ''[[Nutty Professor II: The Klumps]]'' *2007: ''[[Why Did I Get Married?]]'' {{col-end}} ==See also== *[[List of best-selling music artists]] *[[List of best selling music artists in U.S.]] *[[List of best-selling albums (United States)]] *[[List of best-selling albums worldwide]] *[[List of number-one hits (United States)]] ==Footnotes== {{Reflist|3}} ==References== {{refbegin}} *Starr, Larry. Waterman, Christopher Alan. ''American Popular Music : The Rock Years''. New York Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 9780195300529 *Hoffmann, Frank W. Ferstler, Howard. ''Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound''. [[Routledge]], 2005. ISBN 9780203603284 *Mitoma, Judy. Mitoma, Judith. Zimmer, Elizabeth. Stieber, Dale Ann. Heinonen, Nelli. Shaw, Norah Zuňiga. ''Envisioning dance on film and video''. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0415941717 *Cutcher, Jenai. ''Feel the Beat: Dancing in Music Videos''. The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003. ISBN 0823945588 *Halstead, Craig. Cadman, Chris. ''Jacksons Number Ones''. Authors On Line, 2003. ISBN 0755200985 *Warner, Jay. ''On this Day in Black Music History''. [[Hal Leonard]], 2006. ISBN 0634099264 *Cullen, Jim. ''Popular Culture in American History''. [[Blackwell Publishing]], 2001. ISBN 0631219587 *Dean, Maury. ''Rock-N-Roll Gold Rush''. Algora Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0875862071 *Gaar, Gillian G. ''She's a rebel: the history of women in rock & roll''. Seal Press, 2002. ISBN 1580050786 *Hyatt, Wesley. ''The Billboard Book of Number One Adult Contemporary Hits''. Billboard Books, 1999. ISBN 0823076938 *Bronson, Fred. ''The Billboard Book of Number One Hits''. Billboard Books, 2003. ISBN 0823076776 *Ripani, Richard J. ''The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950-1999'' Univ. Press of Mississippi, 2006. ISBN 1578068622 *Strong, Martin Charles. ''The Great Rock Discography: Complete Discographies Listing Every Track Recorded by More Than 1200 Artists''. Canongate U.S., 2004. ISBN 1841956155 *Brackett, Nathan. Hoard, Christian David. ''The New Rolling Stone Album Guide''. [[Simon and Schuster]], 2004. ISBN 0743201698 {{refend}} ==External links== {{Commonscat|Janet Jackson}} *[http://www.janetjackson.com/ Official website] *[http://www.islandrecords.com/site/artist_home.php?artist_id=679 Janet Jackson's official web page at Island Records] *{{imdb name|0001390}} *{{allmusicguide|id=11:u1u06j5h71r0|label=Janet Jackson}} {{Janet Jackson}} {{Janet Jackson singles}} {{Jackson siblings}} {{Persondata | NAME = Jackson, Janet | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Jackson, Janet Damita Jo | SHORT DESCRIPTION = American singer-songwriter and actress | DATE OF BIRTH = [[May 16]] [[1966]] | PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]], [[Indiana]], [[United States]] }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, Janet}} [[Category:Janet Jackson| ]] [[Category:1966 births]] [[Category:African American actors]] [[Category:African American singer-songwriters]] [[Category:American actor-singers]] [[Category:American child actors]] [[Category:American film actors]] [[Category:American child singers]] [[Category:American dance musicians]] [[Category:American dancers]] [[Category:American female singers]] [[Category:American pop singers]] [[Category:Female rock singers]] [[Category:American record producers]] [[Category:American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters]] [[Category:American soul singers]] [[Category:American television actors]] [[Category:Emmy Award winners]] [[Category:English-language singers]] [[Category:Grammy Award winners]] [[Category:Guinness World Record holders]] [[Category:Hollywood Walk of Fame]] [[Category:Indiana actors]] [[Category:Indiana musicians]] [[Category:A&M Records artists]] [[Category:Virgin Records artists]] [[Category:Jackson family]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:LGBT rights activists]] [[Category:LGBT rights activists from the United States]] [[Category:People from Gary, Indiana]] [[Category:People from Los Angeles, California]] [[az:Cenıt Cekson]] [[bg:Джанет Джексън]] [[cs:Janet Jackson]] [[da:Janet Jackson]] [[de:Janet Jackson]] [[el:Τζάνετ Τζάκσον]] [[es:Janet Jackson]] [[fa:جنت جکسون]] [[fr:Janet Jackson]] [[id:Janet Jackson]] [[it:Janet Jackson]] [[he:ג'נט ג'קסון]] [[la:Janet Jackson]] [[hu:Janet Jackson]] [[nl:Janet Jackson]] [[ja:ジャネット・ジャクソン]] [[no:Janet Jackson]] [[pl:Janet Jackson]] [[pt:Janet Jackson]] [[ru:Джексон, Джанет]] [[simple:Janet Jackson]] [[sk:Janet Jacksonová]] [[fi:Janet Jackson]] [[sv:Janet Jackson]] [[th:เจเน็ต แจ็กสัน]] [[vi:Janet Jackson]] [[tr:Janet Jackson]] [[yi:זשענעט זשעקסאן]] [[zh:珍妮·杰克逊]]