Jaroslav Heyrovský 143705 226052991 2008-07-16T16:50:57Z Emerson7 191157 copyediting; cleanup {{Infobox_Scientist |name = Jaroslav Heyrovský |image = Heyrovsky brdicka.jpg |image_width = |caption = Heyrovský (left) with Rudolf Brdička |birth_date = [[December 20]], [[1890]] |birth_place = [[Prague]], [[Bohemia]] |nationality = [[Czechoslovakia]] |death_date = {{death date and age|1967|3|27|1890|12|3}} |death_place = [[Cambridge]], [[England]] |field = [[Polarography]], [[Analytical chemistry|Electroanalytical chemistry]] |work_institution = [[Royal Air Force]] |alma_mater = [[Charles University]]<br />[[University College, London]] |doctoral_advisor = Sir [[William Ramsay]] <br />[[Warren K. Lewis|W.C.Mc.C. Lewis]]<br />[[Frederick G. Donnan|F.G. Donnan]] |doctoral_students = |known_for = [[Analytical chemistry|Electroanalytical chemistry]] |prizes = [[Nobel Prize for Chemistry]] (1959) |religion = |footnotes = }} [[Image:Heyrovsky deska.jpg|thumb|250px|Memorial plaque in Kaprova street in [[Prague]]]] '''Jaroslav Heyrovský''' ([[help:IPA|pronounced]] {{Audio-IPA|Cs-Jaroslav Heyrovsky.ogg|[ˈjarɔslav ˈɦɛjrɔvskiː]}}) ([[December 20]], [[1890]] &ndash; [[March 27]], [[1967]]) was a [[Czech people|Czech]] chemist and inventor. Heyrovský was the inventor of the polarographic method, father of [[analytical chemistry|electroanalytical chemistry]], and recipient of the [[Nobel Prize]] in 1959. The main field of work of Heyrovský was [[polarography]]. Jaroslav Heyrovský was born in [[Prague]] on 20th December, 1890, the fifth child of Leopold Heyrovský, Professor of [[Roman Law]] at the [[Charles University in Prague]], and his wife Clara, née Hanl. He obtained his early education at secondary school till 1909 when he began his study of [[chemistry]], [[physics]] and [[mathematics]] at the [[Charles University]] in Prague. From 1910 to 1914 he continued his studies at [[University College, London]], under Professors Sir [[William Ramsay]], [[Warren K. Lewis|W.C.Mc.C. Lewis]] and [[Frederick G. Donnan|F.G. Donnan]], taking his B.Sc. degree in 1913. He was particularly interested in working with Professor Donnan, on electrochemistry. During the [[First World War]] Heyrovský did his war service in a military hospital as a dispensing chemist and [[radiology|radiologist]], which enabled him to continue his studies and to take his Ph.D. degree in Prague in 1918 and D.Sc. in London in 1921. Heyrovský started his university career as assistant to Professor B. Brauner in the Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the [[Charles University]], Prague; he was promoted to Associate Professor in 1922 and in 1926 he became the first Professor of Physical Chemistry at this University. Heyrovský's invention of the polarographic method dates from [[1922 in science|1922]] and he concentrated his whole further scientific activity on the development of this new branch of [[electrochemistry]]. He formed a school of Czech polarographers in the University, and was himself in the forefront of polarographic research. In 1950 the Professor was appointed Director of the newly established Polarographic Institute which has been incorporated into the [[Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences]] since 1952. Many universities and seats of learning have honoured Professor Heyrovský. He was elected Fellow of University College, London, in 1927, and received honorary doctorates of the Technical University, Dresden, in 1955, the University of Warsaw in 1956, the University Aix-Marseille in 1959, and the University of Paris in 1960. He was granted honorary membership of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston, Mass., in 1933; of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1955; the Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore, in 1955; the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, in 1962; was elected Corresponding Member of the German Academy of Sciences, Berlin, in 1955; member of the German Academy of Natural Scientists, Leopoldina (Halle-Saale) in 1956; Foreign Member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences, Copenhagen, in 1962; Vice-President of the International Union of Physics from 1951 to 1957; President and first honorary member of the Polarographic Society, London; honorary member of the Polarographic Society of Japan; honorary member of the Chemical Societies of Czechoslovakia, Austria, Poland, England and India. In [[Czechoslovakia]] he was awarded the State Prize, First Grade, in 1951, and in 1955 the Order of the Czechoslovak Republic. Heyrovský lectured on polarography in the [[United States of America]] in 1933, the [[USSR]] in 1934, [[England]] in 1946, [[Sweden]] in 1947, the [[People's Republic of China]] in 1958, and in [[U.A.R.]] (Egypt) in 1960 and 1961. In 1926 Professor Heyrovský married Marie Koranová, and there are two children of the marriage, a daughter, Judith, and a son, Michael. From Nobel Lectures, Chemistry 1942-1962, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1964 This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and later published in the book series Les Prix Nobel/Nobel Lectures. The information is sometimes updated with an addendum submitted by the Laureate. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above. Jaroslav Heyrovský died on March 27, 1967. He was interred in the [[Vyšehrad cemetery]] in Prague. [[Heyrovsky (crater)|Heyrovský crater]] on the [[Moon]] was named in his honour. ==References== *{{cite journal | title = Jaroslav Heyrovský. 1890-1967 | author = J. A. V. Butler; P. Zuman | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 13 | issue = | pages = 167–191 | year = 1967 | url = http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4606%28196711%2913%3C167%3AJH1%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1967.0008 }} *{{cite journal | title = Electrolysis with a Dropping Mercury Electrode: J. Heyrovsky's Contribution to Electrochemistry | author = P. Zuman | journal = Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry | volume = 31 | issue = 4 | pages = 281 – 289 | year = 2001 | url = | doi = 10.1080/20014091076767 }} *{{cite journal | title = Polarography and Voltammetry at Mercury Electrodes | author = J. Barek, A. G. Fogg, A. Muck, J. Zima | journal = Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry | volume = 31 | issue = 4 | pages = 291–309 | year = 2001 | url = | doi = 10.1080/20014091076776 }} *{{cite journal | title = Eighty Years of Polarography - History and Future | author = Jií Barek, Jií Zima | journal = Electroanalysis | volume = 15 | issue = 5-6 | pages = 467–472 | year = 2003 | url = | doi = 10.1002/elan.200390055 }} *{{cite journal | title = Chemistry in Czechoslovakia between 1919 and 1939: J. Heyrovský and the Prague Polarographic School | author = F. Calascibetta | journal = Centaurus | volume = 39 | issue = 4 | pages = 368–381 | year = 1997 | url = | doi = 10.1111/j.1600-0498.1997.tb00043.x }} ==External links== * [http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/heyrovsky.htm Extensive Biography] * [http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1959/index.html Nobel Prize Committee page for Heyrovsky] *{{cite web | url = http://electrochem.cwru.edu/ed/encycl/art-p03-polarography.htm | title = Electrochemistry Encyclopedia JAROSLAV HEYROVSKY AND POLAROGRAPHY | publisher = Electrochemistry Encyclopedia}} <br />{{Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates 1951-1975}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Heyrovsky, Jaroslav}} [[Category:1890 births]] [[Category:1967 deaths]] [[Category:Czech chemists]] [[Category:Czech inventors]] [[Category:Czech scientists]] [[Category:People from Prague]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Chemistry]] [[Category:Charles University alumni]] [[ar:ياروسلاف هايروفسكي]] [[ca:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[cs:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[de:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[eo:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[es:Jaroslav Heyrovsky]] [[fi:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[fr:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[gl:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[id:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[io:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[it:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[ja:ヤロスラフ・ヘイロフスキー]] [[nl:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[oc:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[pl:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[pt:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[ro:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[ru:Гейровский, Ярослав]] [[sk:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[sv:Jaroslav Heyrovský]] [[sw:Jaroslav Heyrovsky]] [[zh:雅罗斯拉夫·海罗夫斯基]]