Jasmine
98585
224510666
2008-07-09T04:42:39Z
Melburnian
555187
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/66.218.32.100|66.218.32.100]] ([[User talk:66.218.32.100|talk]]) to last version by Nguyễn Thanh Quang
{{otheruses4|the shrub of genus ''Jasminum''}}
{{Taxobox
| name = '''''Jasminum'''''
| image = Jasminum_polyanthum2.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Jasminum polyanthum''
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| subclassis = [[Asteridae]]
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| familia = [[Oleaceae]]
| tribus = [[Jasmineae]]
| genus = '''''Jasminum'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] ([[Species Plantarum|1753]])
| type_species = ''[[Jasminum officinale]]'' L.
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision = More than 200 species, see text.
Sources: ING,<ref name="ing">{{cite web
| url = http://botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Jasminum
| title = ''Jasminum''
| accessdate = 2008-06-03
| format = HTML
| work = Index Nominum Genericorum
| publisher = [[International Association for Plant Taxonomy]]
}}</ref> CPN,<ref name="CPN">{{cite journal
| url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=116771
| title = 10. Jasminum Linnaeus
| accessdate = 2008-06-03
| journal = Chinese Plant Names
| volume = 15
| pages = 307
| format = HTML
}}</ref> UniProt<ref name="UniProt">{{UniProt Taxonomy
| name = Jasminum
| id = 4147
| accessdate = 2008-06-03
}}</ref>
}}
'''Jasmine''' or '''Jessamine''' (''Jasminum'') (from [[Persian language|Persian]] ''yasmin'', i.e. "gift from God"<ref name="OED-jasmine">"jasmine, -in, jessamine, -in", OED</ref><ref>"jasmine." Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster, 2002.</ref>, via [[Arabic language|Arabic]]<ref name=Metcalf>Metcalf, 1999, p. 123.</ref>) is a [[genus]] of [[shrub]]s and [[vine]]s in the olive family ([[Oleaceae]]),with about 200 species, native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the [[Old World]]. The majority of species grow as climbers on other plants or on structures such as chicken wire, gates or fences. The [[leaf|leaves]] can be either [[evergreen]] (green all year round) or [[deciduous]] (falling leaves in autumn), and are opposite in most species; leaf shape is simple, trifoliate or [[pinnate]] with up to nine leaflets.
Jasmine tea is also tradtionally said to help against coughs, sore throats or other problems to do with the bronchites, although there is no scientific evidence to support this.
== Description ==
Jasmine [[flower]]s are generally white, although some species have yellow flowers. Unlike most genera in the Oleaceae which have four corolla lobes ("petals"), jasmines often have five or six lobes. They are often strongly and sweetly scented. Flowering is in spring or summer in most species, but in a few species, notably ''J. nudiflorum'', in winter on the bare branches of this deciduous species.
;Selected species
{|
|- valign=top
|
*''[[Jasminum albicalyx]]''
*''[[Jasminum amplexicaule]]''
*''[[Jasminum angulare]]''
*''[[Jasminum angustifolium]]''
*''[[Jasminum arborescens]]''
*''[[Jasminum attenuatum]]''
*''[[Jasminum auriculatum]]''
*''[[Jasminum azoricum]]''
*''[[Jasminum beesianum]]''
*''[[Jasminum cinnamomifolium]]''
*''[[Jasminum coffeinum]]''
*''[[Jasminum craibianum]]''
*''[[Jasminum cuspidatumkmkm]]''
*''[[Jasminum dichotomum]]'' – Gold Coast Jasmine
*''[[Jasminum dispermum]]''
*''[[Jasminum duclouxii]]''
*''[[Jasminum elongatum]]''
*''[[Jasminum flexile]]''
*''[[Jasminum floridum]]''
*''[[Jasminum fluminense]]'' – African Jasmine
*''[[Jasminum fruticans]]''
*''[[Jasminum fuchsiifolium]]''
*''[[Jasminum grandiflorum]]'' – Spanish jasmine
*''[[Jasminum guangxiense]]''
*''[[Jasminum hongshuihoense]]''
*''[[Jasminum humile]]'' – Yellow Jasmine
*''[[Jasminum lanceolaria]]''
*''[[Jasminum lang]]''
*''[[Jasminum latifolium]]''
*''[[Jasminum laurifolium]]''
|
*''[[Jasminum longitubum]]''
*''[[Jasminum mesnyi]]'' – Primrose Jasmine
*''[[Jasminum microcalyx]]''
*''[[Jasminum molle]]'' - Indian Jui
*''[[Jasminum multiflorum]]'' – Star Jasmine ([[Trachelospermum jasminoides]])
*''[[Jasminum nervosum]]''
*''[[Jasminum nintooides]]''
*''[[Jasminum nitidum]]'' – Shining Jasmine
*''[[Jasminum nudiflorum]]'' – Winter Jasmine
*''[[Jasminum odoratissimum]]''
*''[[Jasminum officinale]]'' – [[Common Jasmine]]
*''[[Jasminum parkeri]]''
*''[[Jasminum pentaneurum]]''
*''[[Jasminum pierreanum]]''
*''[[Jasminum polyanthum]]'' - Pink Jasmine
*''[[Jasminum prainii]]''
*''[[Jasminum pubescens]]''
*''[[Jasminum rehderianum]]''
*''[[Jasminum rex]]''
*''[[Jasminum roxburghianum]]''
*''[[Jasminum rufohirtum]]''
*''[[Jasminum sambac]]'' – [[Arabian Jasmine]]
*''[[Jasminum seguinii]]''
*''[[Jasminum sinense]]''
*''[[Jasminum stephanense]]''
*''[[Jasminum subglandulosum]]''
*''[[Jasminum subhumile]]''
*''[[Jasminum tonkinense]]''
*''[[Jasminum urophyllum]]''
*''[[Jasminum wengeri]]''
*''[[Jasminum yuanjiangense]]''
|}
== Cultivation and uses ==
[[Image:Malligai Ramabaanam.jpg|thumb|left|''Jasminum sambac'' flowers harvested for Malligai - Raama Baanam]]
Jasmine is widely cultivated for their flowers, enjoyed in the [[garden]], as house plants, and as cut flowers. The flowers are worn by women in their hair in southern and southeast Asia. Some claim that the daily consumption of Jasmine tea is effective in preventing certain cancers{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. Many species also yield an [[absolute (substance)|absolute]], which is used in the production of [[perfume]]s and [[incense]].
Jasmine [[tisane]] is consumed in [[China]], where it is called Jasmine flower tea (茉莉花茶; [[pinyin]]: mò lì huā chá). [[Jasminum sambac]] flowers are also used to make [[tea]], which often has a base of [[green tea]], but sometimes an [[Oolong]] base is used. The delicate Jasmine flower opens only at night and is plucked in the morning when the tiny petals are tightly closed. They are then stored in a cool place until night. Between six and eight in the evening, as the temperature cools, the petals begin to open. Flowers and tea are "mated" in machines that control temperature and humidity. It takes four hours or so for the tea to absorb the fragrance and flavour of the Jasmine blossoms, and for the highest grades, this process may be repeated as many as seven times. Because the tea has absorbed moisture from the flowers, it must be refired to prevent spoilage. The spent flowers may or may not be removed from the final product, as the flowers are completely dry and contain no aroma. Giant fans are used to blow away and remove the petals from the denser tea leaves. If present, they simply add visual appeal and are no indication of the quality of the tea. [[Image:Jsambac.jpg|thumb|right|A [[double-flowered]] cultivar of ''Jasminum sambac'' in flower with an unopened bud. The flower smells exactly like the tea as it opens.]] In Okinawa Japan Jasmine Tea is known as Sanpin Cha.
=== Cultural importance and other information ===
The Jasmine is the [[National emblem|National Flower]] of the following countries:
*The [[Philippines]], where it is known as "''[[Sampaguita]]''", and is usually strung on garlands which are then used to adorn religious images.
*[[Indonesia]], where the variety ''[[Jasminum sambac]]'' is the "''puspa bangsa''" ([[National emblem|National Flower]]), and goes by the name "''Melati''", In the country, especially the island of [[Java]], it is the most important flower in [[wedding]] ceremonies for ethnic [[Indonesian people|Indonesian]]s.
*[[Pakistan]], where ''Jasminum officinale'' is known as the "''Chambeli''" or "''Yasmine''" is the [[National symbols of Pakistan|national flower]].
*[[Syria]], it is the symbolic flower of [[Damascus]], which is called the City of Jasmines.
In [[Sanskrit]] it is called "Mallika". Jasmine is cultivated at [[Pangala]], in [[Karnataka]], [[India]], and exported to [[Middle East]]ern countries{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. ''J. fluminense'' is an [[invasive species]] in [[Hawaii]], where it is sometimes known by the inaccurate name "Brazilian Jasmine". ''J. dichotomum'' is also invasive in [[Florida]]. <br clear = left>
In [[Thailand]], jasmine flowers are used as a symbol of the [[mother]].
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commonscat-inline|Jasminum}}
{{wikispecies-inline|Jasminum}}
*{{wiktionary-inline|Jasminum}}
*{{ITIS|ID=32964|taxon=Jasminum L.|year=2008|date=3 June}}
*{{cite web
| url = http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Jasminum
| title = Flora Europaea Search Results
| accessdate = 2008-06-03
| format = HTML
| work = [[Flora Europaea]]
| publisher = [[Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh]]
}}
*{{cite journal
| url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=116771
| title = ''Jasminum'' Linn.
| accessdate = 2008-06-03
| journal = Flora of Pakistan
| pages = Page 12
| format = HTML
}}
*{{cite web
| url = http://www.ville-ge.ch/cjb/bd/africa/details.php?langue=an&id=1950
| title = ''Jasminum'' L. record n° 1950
| accessdate = 2008-06-03
| format = HTML
| work = African Plants Database
| publisher = [[Natural History Museum of Geneva|South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève]] and Tela Botanica
}}
*{{NRCS Plants Profile
| name = Jasminum
| symbol = JASMI
| accessdate = 2008-06-03
}}
*{{Citation|title=The World in So Many Words|first=Allan A.|last=Metcalf|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|year=1999|isbn=0395959209<!--|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=4O0W5XyQVCYC&pg=PA123&dq=sash+etymology+arabic&lr=&as_brr=3&sig=iuzjUzyPphZKCIJLAwJZE7beIEI#PPA123,M1-->}}
[[Category:Persian loanwords]]
[[Category:Oleaceae]]
[[da:Jasmin]]
[[de:Echter Jasmin]]
[[es:Jazmín]]
[[fr:Jasmin]]
[[id:Melati]]
[[it:Jasminum]]
[[pl:Jaśmin]]
[[pt:Jasmim]]
[[ru:Жасмин]]
[[sv:Jasmin]]
[[th:พุทธชาด]]
[[tr:Yasemin]]
[[vi:chi Nhài]]
[[zh:茉莉]]