Jericho 16082 226186563 2008-07-17T06:12:42Z Old Moonraker 233102 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Rhurtadon|Rhurtadon]]; Fails [[WP:EL]] on at least two counts. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) {{Refimprove|date=November 2007}} {{otheruses1|the city in the West Bank|Jericho}} {{Infobox Palestinian Authority muni |name=Jericho |image=Jerico1.JPG |imgsize=250 |caption=A street in Jericho |arname=أريحا |meaning=Hebrew for "moon" |founded=9000 BCE |type=muna |typefrom=1994 |altOffSp=Ariha |altUnoSp= |governorate=jr |latd=31|latm=51|lats=19.60|latNS=N |longd=35|longm=27|longs=43.85|longEW=E |population=20,400 |popyear=2006 |area= |areakm= |mayor=[[Hassan Saleh (mayor)|Hassan Saleh]]<ref>[http://www.jericho-city.org/etemplate.php?id=12 Elected City Council Municipality of Jericho] accessed [[2008-03-08]]</ref> }} '''Jericho''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]] {{Audio|ArJericho.ogg|'''أريحا'''}}, ''ʼArīḥā''; [[Hebrew languages|Hebrew]] {{Audio|He-Jericho.ogg|'''יְרִיחוֹ'''}}, <small>[[Hebrew language#Modern Hebrew|Standard]]</small> ''Yəriḥo'' <small>[[Tiberian vocalization|Tiberian]]</small> ''Yərîḫô'' / ''Yərîḥô''; [[Greek language|Greek]] '''Ἱεριχώ''') is a town in the [[West Bank]] of the [[Palestinian territories]], located within the [[Jericho Governorate]], near the [[Jordan River]]. Its name may be derived from the word meaning "moon" in Hebrew and Canaanite, as the city was an early center of worship for lunar deities.<ref>[http://www.htmlbible.com/sacrednamebiblecom/kjvstrongs/STRHEB34.htm Strong's Bible Dictionary]</ref> Despite the city's long history, Jericho was first mentioned in the [[Book of Numbers]]. Jericho is believed to be one of the [[List of oldest continuously inhabited cities|oldest continuously-inhabited cities in the world]],<ref>Gates, Charles (2003). "Near Eastern, Egyptian, and Aegean Cities", Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome. Routledge, 18. ISBN 0415018951. “Jericho, in the Jordan River Valley in Palestine, inahbited from ca. 9000 BCE to the present day, offers important evidence for the earliest permanent settlements in the Near East.”</ref> and archaeologists have unearthed the remains of over 20 successive settlements there, dating back to 11,000 years ago (9000 BCE).<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9043547/Jericho "Jericho"], [[Encyclopedia Britannica]]</ref> Jericho has a population of approximately 25,000 [[Palestinians]].<ref>[http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0826189.html "Jericho"], [[Columbia Encyclopedia|Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia]]</ref> The current mayor is Hassan Saleh, a former lawyer. Three separate settlements have existed at or near the current location for more than 11,000 years. The position is on an east-west route north of the [[Dead Sea]]. Jericho has been described as a "city of Palm trees" where the copious springs of both tepid and cold waters gave rise to orchards of Lemons, Oranges, Bananas, Caster Oil plants and where melons, figs and grapes were grown. The cultivation of sugar cane was introduced by the crusaders.<ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&id=9e88L7DVTq8C&dq=Mount+Seir&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=RacTPScuSb&sig=XYKbKLCFIuI9SK8UbTGfjCmMfaE&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPA161,M1 Google Books] Mount Seir, Sinai and Western Palestine By Edward Hull</ref> ==History== ===Roman and Byzantine period=== Jericho is believed to be one of the [[List of oldest continuously inhabited cities|oldest continuously-inhabited cities in the world]],<ref>Gates, Charles (2003). "Near Eastern, Egyptian, and Aegean Cities", Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome. Routledge, 18. ISBN 0415018951. “Jericho, in the Jordan River Valley in Palestine, inahbited from ca. 9000 BCE to the present day, offers important evidence for the earliest permanent settlements in the Near East.”</ref> dating back to 9000 BCE. Jericho is where [[Bacchides]] is said to have built one of his fortresses (1 Macc 9:50). Later, [[Ptolemy]] was made governor of the Jordan Valley and the area was the scene of the massacre of [[Simon]] and his sons (1 Macc 16:11­17).<ref name="STF">[http://198.62.75.1/www1/ofm/mad/discussion/012discuss.html Jericho - (Ariha)] Studium Biblicum Franciscum - Jerusalem.</ref> The first developments of Jericho, probably took place in the days of [[John Hyrcanus I]] included the construction of a long well-built water channel to carry water from the [[Wadi Qelt]] springs to the city, a royal estate and the first phase of a winter palace. During [[Herod the Great]]'s reign of Jericho, he managed to build three independent palaces at the same site, which ultimately functioned as one. In 37­1 BCE, the Hasmonean family continued to use his palace in Jericho. The dramatic murder of [[Aristobulus III]] in a swimming pool at Jericho, as told by the Roman historian [[Josephus]], took place during a banquet organized by Herod's Hasmonean mother-in-law. In 330 BCE, Jericho was taken from Herod and transferred to the control of Queen [[Cleopatra of Egypt]]. The city, since the construction of its palaces, functioned not only as an agricultural center and as a crossroad, but as a winter resort for [[Jerusalem]]'s aristocracy.<ref name="STF"/> The Christian Bible states that [[Jesus]] passed through Jericho where he cured two blind men and converted a local tax collector named [[Zacchaeus]]. [[Christianity]] took hold in the city during the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] era and a domed church dedicated to [[Saint Eliseus]] was erected there.<ref name="STF"/> == Archaeology == The first [[archaeology|archaeological]] excavations of the site were made by [[Charles Warren]] in 1868. [[Ernst Sellin]] and [[Carl Watzinger]] excavated Tell es-Sultan and Tulul Abu el-'Alayiq between 1907-1909 and in 1911 [[John Garstang]] excavated between 1930 and 1936. Extensive investigations using more modern techniques were made by [[Kathleen Kenyon]] between 1952 and 1958. Lorenzo Nigro and Nicolo Marchetti conducted a limited excavation in 1997. Later that same year, Dr. [[Bryant Wood]] also made a visit to the site to verify the findings of the earlier 1997 team. ===Tell es-Sultan=== [[Image:Hisham's palace Jericho.JPG|thumb|right|200px|[[Hisham's Palace]] archaeological site just north of central Jericho]] The earliest settlement was located at the present-day Tell es-Sultan (or Sultan's Hill), a couple of kilometers from the current city. In [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and in Hebrew, ''[[tell]]'' means "mound" -- consecutive layers of habitation built up a mound over time, as is common for ancient settlements in the [[Middle East]] and [[Anatolia]]. Jericho is the [[type site]] of the [[Pre-Pottery Neolithic A]] (PPN A) and B. [[Epipaleolithic]] &mdash; construction at the site apparently began before the invention of [[agriculture]], with construction of stone of the [[Natufian culture]] structures beginning earlier than 9000 BCE, virtually at the very beginning of the [[Holocene]] epoch in geologic history. [[Image:Cliffs over jericho.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Greek Orthodox monastery overlooking modern Jericho.]] [[Pre-Pottery Neolithic A]], 8350 BCE to 7370 BCE. Sometimes it is called [[PPNA Wall of Jericho|Sultanian]]. The site is a 40,000 square [[metre]] settlement surrounded by a [[PPNA Wall of Jericho|stone wall]], with a stone tower in the centre of one wall. This is so far the oldest wall ever to be discovered, thus suggesting some kind of social organization. The town contained round mud-brick houses, yet no street planning.<ref>[http://www.ourfatherlutheran.net/biblehomelands/palestine/jericho/jericho.htm Old Testament Jericho]</ref> The 2000-3000 dwellers<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9043547/Jericho "Jericho"], [[Encyclopedia Britannica]]</ref> (population weighed to the former value) used domesticated [[emmer wheat]], [[barley]] and [[pulses]] and hunted wild animals. The true population of Jericho during the PPN A period is still under debate. [[Pre-Pottery Neolithic B]], 7220 BCE to 5850 BCE (but [[carbon-14]]-dates are few and early). Expanded range of domesticated plants. Possible domestication of [[Domestic sheep|sheep]]. Apparent [[cult (religion)|cult]] involving the preservation of human skulls, with facial features reconstructed from [[plaster]] and eyes set with shells in some cases. After the PPN A settlement-phase there was a settlement hiatus of several centuries, then the PPN B settlement was founded on the eroded surface of the [[tell]]. The architecture consisted of rectilinear buildings made of mudbricks on stone foundations. The mudbricks were loaf-shaped with deep thumb prints to facilitate bounding. No building has been excavated in its entirety. Normally, several rooms cluster around a central courtyard. There is one big room (6.5 x 4 m and 7 x 3 m) with internal divisions, the rest are small, presumably used for storage. The rooms have red or pinkish [[terrazzo]]-floors made of lime. Some impressions of mats made of reeds or rushes have been preserved. The courtyards have clay floors. [[Kathleen Kenyon]] interpreted one building as a [[shrine]]. It contained a niche in the wall. A chipped pillar of volcanic stone that was found nearby might have fit into this niche. The dead were buried under the floors or in the rubble fill of abandoned buildings. There are several collective burials. Not all the skeletons are completely articulated, which may point to a time of exposure before burial. A [[skull]] cache contained seven skulls. The jaws were removed and the faces covered with plaster; [[cowry|cowries]] were used as eyes. A total of ten skulls were found. Modelled skulls were found in [[Tell Ramad]] and [[Beisamoun]] as well. Other finds included flints: arrowheads (tanged or side-notched), finely denticulated sickle-blades, [[burin]]s, scrapers, a few [[Tranchet flake|tranchet]] axes. 1% obsidian, Ciftlik and green obsidian from unknown source. There were also [[Quern-stone|querns]], hammerstones, a few ground-stone axes made of greenstone. Other discovered items included dishes and bowls carved from soft limestone, spindle whorls made of stone and maybe loom weights, spatulae and drills, Stylised anthropomorphic plaster figures, almost life-size, [[Anthropomorphism|Anthropomorphic]] and [[Therianthropy|theriomorphic]] clay figurines, shell and malachite beads In the late 4th millennium BCE, Jericho was occupied during Neolithic 2 and the general character of the remains on the site link it culturally with Neolithic 2 sites in the West Syrian and Middle Euphrates groups. There are the characteristic rectilinear mud-brick buildings and plaster floors. ===Bronze age=== During the Middle Bronze Age Jericho was a small prominent city of the [[Canaan]] region, reaching its greatest Bronze Age extent in the period from 1700 to 1550 BCE. It seems to have reflected the greater urbanization in the area at that time, and has been linked to the rise of the [[Maryannu]], a class of chariot-using aristocrats linked to the rise of the [[Mitanni]]te state to the north. Kathleen Kenyon reported “...the Middle Bronze Age is perhaps the most prosperous in the whole history of Kna'an. ... The defenses ... belong to a fairly advanced date in that period” and there was “a massive stone revetment... part of a complex system” of defenses (pp.213-218).<ref>Kenyon, Kathleen "Digging up Jericho"(London, 1957)</ref> ====Walls of Jericho====<!-- This section is linked from [[The Walls of Jericho]]. See [[WP:MOS#Section management]] --> {{main|Battle of Jericho}} The [[Bible|Biblical]] account of the [[Battle of Jericho|destruction of Jericho]] is found in the [[Book of Joshua]]. The Bible describes the destruction as having proceeded from the actions of [[Joshua]], Moses' successor. [[The Exodus]] is usually dated to the 13th century BCE (based on [[James Ussher|Ussherian]] calculation) − according to interpretation of archaeological evidence from the [[Merneptah Stele]]. That was followed by new settlements in the next century. At that time the Pharaoh of Egypt would have been [[Ramses II]]. Alternatively, the exodus is dated to the 15th century BCE according to a prevailing Christian reckoning of biblical chronology, which is synchronized with several ancient calendars with astronomical observation. At that time the Pharaoh would have been [[Thutmose III]] (1490-1430). Neither biblical chronology matches the popular interpretation of the archaeological evidence at Jericho. Joshua instructs his spies to "Go, view the Land, especially Jericho" לכו ראו את-הארץ ואת-יריחו(Joshua 2:1). Archaeologist [[Kathleen Kenyon]] commented that this order "is an illustration of the position of Jericho in the age-long process of penetration by nomads and seminomads from the desert area in the east into the fertile coastal lands," due to the town's position in the Jordan valley at the foot of a passage through the Judean hills to the west. [[Image:Prise de Jéricho.jpg|thumb|The Taking of Jericho, by [[Jean Fouquet]]]] A destruction of Jericho's walls dates archaeologically to around 1550 BCE in the 16th century BCE at the end of the Middle Bronze Age, by a siege or an earthquake in the context of a burn layer, called City IV destruction. Opinions differ as to whether they are the walls referred to in the Bible. According to one biblical chronology, the Israelites destroyed Jericho after its walls fell out around 1407 BCE: the end of the 15th century. Originally, [[John Garstang]]'s excavation in the 1930s dated Jericho's destruction to around 1400 BCE, in confirmation, but like much early [[biblical archaeology]], his work became criticised for using the Bible to interpret the evidence rather than letting the facts on the ground draw their own conclusions. [[Kathleen Kenyon]]'s excavation in the 1950s redated it to around 1550 BCE, a date that most archaeologists support.<ref> [[Israel Finkelstein]], ''[[The Bible Unearthed]]''</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Sturgis | first=Matthew | coauthors = with McCarthy, John | title=It Ain't Necessarily So | journal=Biblical Archaeology Review | publisher=London:Hodder Headline | year=2001 | pages=pp 56-59 | id = ISBN 0-7472-4506-1 }}</ref> In 1990, [[Bryant Wood]] critiqued Kenyon's work after her field notes became fully available. Observing ambiguities and relying on the only available carbon dating of the burn layer, which yielded a date of 1410 BCE plus or minus 40 years, Wood dated the destruction to this carbon dating, confirming Garstang and the biblical chronology. Unfortunately, this carbon date was itself the result of faulty calibration. In 1995, Hendrik J. Bruins and Johannes van der Plicht used high-precision radiocarbon dating for eighteen samples from Jericho, including six samples of charred cereal grains from the burn layer, and overall dated the destruction to an average 1562 BCE add or subtract 38 years.<ref>(Radiocarbon Vol. 37, Number 2, 1995.)</ref><ref>[http://www.biblicalchronologist.org/answers/bryantwood.php Is Bryant Wood's chronology of Jericho valid?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.ebonmusings.org/atheism/otarch3.html Ebon Musings: Let the Stones Speak<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Kenyon's date of around 1550 BCE is widely accepted based on this methodology of dating. Notably, many other Canaanite cities were destroyed around this time. The widespread destructions of the 16th century BCE are often linked with the expulsion of the [[Hyksos]] from Egypt around this time. The 1st-century historian [[Josephus]], in ''[[Against Apion]]'', identified the Exodus of Israelites according to the Bible as the Expulsion of the Hyksos according to the Egyptian texts. A few scholars follow the controversial ''[[New Chronology (Glasgow)|new chronology]]'' of [[David Rohl]], which postulates that the entire mainstream Egyptian chronology is 300 years misplaced; with the consequence that, among other things, the [[exodus]] would be dated to the 16th or 17th century BCE, and hence the [[archaeological record]] on Jericho would be much more aligned with the biblical account. Despite this, a number of literalist Christians, most prominently the respected Egyptologist [[Kenneth Kitchen]], have vehemently attacked Rohl's chronology, since it introduces a number of other problems and issues (such as identifying the biblical ''[[Shishak]]'' as Ramses II, rather than the far more obviously named ''[[Shoshenq]]''). === Tulul Abu el-'Alayiq === {{incomplete}} A later settlement spanned the [[Hellenistic]], [[New Testament]], and [[Islamic]] periods, leaving mounds located at Tulul Abu el-'Alayiq, 2 km west of modern Ariha. ===Synagogues=== {{details|Shalom Al Israel synagogue}} {{details|Na'aran synagogue}} An ancient synagogue was discovered in Jericho in 1936, named ''Shalom Al Israel'', or "peace unto Israel", after the central Hebrew motto in its mosaic floor. It was controlled by Israel after the 1967 [[Six Day War]], but after the handover to [[Palestinian Authority]] control per the [[Oslo Accords]], especially during the [[Al-Aqsa Intifada]] it has been a source of conflict, and it was partially destroyed. The ancient Na'aran synagogue was discovered on the northern outskirts of Jericho in 1918. While less is known of it than Shalom Al Israel, it has a larger mosaic and is in similar condition. == Biblical references == Jericho is mentioned over 70 times in the [[Old Testament]]. Here are some examples: *Prior to [[Moses]]' death, God is described as showing him the [[Promised Land]] in the [[Book of Deuteronomy]] with Jericho as a point of reference: "And Moses went up from the plains of [[Moab]] unto [[Mount Nebo]], to the top of Pisgah, that is over against '''Jericho.''' And the Lord showed him all the land, even Gilead as far as Dan".([http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0534.htm Deuteronomy 34:1]). The word "Jericho" also happens to be the final word in the entire [[Book of Numbers]]<ref>{{bibleverse||Num.|36:13|HE}}</ref>. [[Image:Icelandic Jericho.jpg|right|frame|The walls of Jericho crumble as the priest blows his horn in this illustration from a 14th century [[Iceland]]ic manuscript.]] *The [[Book of Joshua]] describes the famous [[Battle of Jericho|siege of Jericho]], claiming that it was circled seven times by the ancient [[Children of Israel]] until its walls came tumbling down<ref>[http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0606.htm Joshua 6 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>, after which [[Joshua]] cursed the city: "And Joshua charged the people with an oath at that time, saying: 'Cursed be the man before the Lord that riseth up and buildeth this city, even '''Jericho'''; with the loss of his first-born shall he lay the foundation thereof, and with the loss of his youngest son shall he set up the gates of it'". (Joshua 6:26). According to the [[First Book of Kings]], centuries later, a man named Hiel of Bethel rebuilt Jericho- and just as Joshua had foretold, he lost his eldest and youngest sons as a result. (1 Kings 16:34) *The [[Book of Jeremiah]] describes the end of the Judean king [[Zedekiah]] when he is captured in the area of Jericho: "But the army of the Chaldeans pursued after them, and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of ''' Jericho'''; and when they had taken him, they brought him up to [[Nebuchadnezzar II|Nebuchadnezzar]] king of Babylon to Riblah in the land of Hamath, and he gave judgment upon him." ([http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1139.htm Jeremiah 39:5]). Jericho is also mentioned several times in the [[New Testament]] books of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]], [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]], [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]], and [[Epistle to the Hebrews|Hebrews]]. For example: *According to [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2020:29-30;&version=72; Matthew 20:29-30], [[Jesus]] healed two blind men as he and his disciples were leaving Jericho. *In [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark%2010:46-52;&version=72; Mark 10:46-52], Mark tells the same story, except he only mentions one of the men, [[Bartimaeus (Biblical)|Bartimaeus]]. *Like Mark, Luke only mentions one man, but he differs in his account by saying that Jesus and his apostles were ''approaching'' Jericho. Some versions reconcile this by translating it as "near". *In the [[Epistle to the Hebrews]], the author mentions the [[Old Testament]] story of the destruction of Jericho as an outward display of faith. ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews%2011:30;&version=72; Hebrews 11:30]) *In the story of the Good Samaritan (the experience is not told by Jesus as a parable, but as a narrative; Luke 10:30), Jesus mentions that a certain man was on his way to Jericho. == Recent history == The present city was captured from [[Jordan]] by [[Israel]] during the [[Six-Day War]] of 1967 along with the rest of the [[West Bank]]. It was one of the first cities handed over to [[Palestinian Authority]] control in 1994, in accordance with the [[Oslo accords]], which saw construction of the [[Oasis (casino)|Oasis casino]]. The other city handed over to the Palestinians was [[Gaza]]. Jericho was re-occupied by Israel during the [[Al-Aqsa Intifada]] of 2001. === Jericho prison siege === On [[March 14]], [[2006]], the [[Israel Defense Forces]] took captive six inmates from a Jericho prison following a 10-hour siege. Israel's reason for the siege was to capture PFLP general secretary, [[Ahmad Sa'adat]] and five other inmates for the alleged assassination of Israeli tourist minister [[Rehavam Zeevi]] because of announcements of their upcoming release. Both sides of the siege were armed and at least two people were killed and 35 wounded in the incident. Before the siege [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[United States|American]] monitors were guarding the prison but withdrew, citing lax security arrangements. The siege caused an uproar amongst the [[PFLP]] members and supporters as well as other [[PLO]] factions, and as a result Palestinian militants raided and kidnapped British and [[Europe]]an citizens in the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza Strip]]. The event is considered controversial and somewhat hampered Palestinian relations with the [[UK]] and [[US]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4806714.stm Israel holds militant after siege] March 14, 2006 ''[[BBC News]]''</ref> ==Sister cities== *[[Pisa]] *[[Lyon]] *[[Calipatria]] ==See also== * [[History of ancient Israel and Judah]] * [[History of pottery in the Southern Levant]] * [[Jericho Governorate]] * [[Mevo'ot Yericho]] ==References== {{reflist}} * {{cite book | title = Digging Up Jericho | first = Kathleen | last = Kenyon | year = 1957 }} * {{cite book | last = Finkelstein | first = Israel | coauthors = Silberman, Neil Asher | title = The Bible Unearthed | publisher = Touchstone | year = 2002 | id = ISBN 0-684-86913-6 }} * {{cite book | title = Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome. | last = Gates | first = Charles | year = 2003 }} ==External links== {{commonscat|Jericho}} *[http://198.62.75.1/www1/ofm/mad/discussion/012discuss.html Jericho (Ariha) - History] Studium Biblicum Franciscum - Jerusalem. *[http://www.jericho-cablecar.com/ Telepherique & Sultan Tourist Center] *[http://www.jericho-city.org/ Jericho Municipality Official Website] *[http://www.BiblicalArcheology.Net Resources on Biblical Archaeology] *[http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sites/middle_east/jericho.html Archaelogical History of Jericho] *[http://ljames1.home.netcom.com/jericho99.html Jericho: Tel es-Sultan] *[http://www.biblicalchronologist.org/answers/bryantwood.php The walls of Jericho fell in 1550 BCE] {{Jericho Governorate}} {{Cities in the West Bank}} [[Category:Hebrew Bible cities]] [[Category:Torah cities]] [[Category:Jericho| ]] [[Category:Ancient Jericho| ]] [[Category:Cities on the Great Rift Valley]] [[Category:Cities in the West Bank]] [[Category:Jericho Governorate]] [[ar:أريحا]] [[be:Горад Ерыхон]] [[bs:Jerihon]] [[bg:Йерихон]] [[ca:Jericó]] [[cv:Йерихон хули]] [[cs:Jericho]] [[da:Jeriko]] [[de:Jericho]] [[et:Jeeriko]] [[es:Jericó (Cisjordania)]] [[eo:Jeriko]] [[fa:اریحا]] [[fr:Jéricho]] [[hr:Jerihon]] [[id:Yerikho]] [[it:Gerico]] [[he:יריחו]] [[lv:Jērika]] [[lt:Jerichas]] [[nl:Jericho]] [[ja:エリコ]] [[no:Jeriko]] [[pl:Jerycho]] [[pt:Jericó]] [[ro:Ierihon]] [[ru:Иерихон]] [[sh:Jerihon]] [[fi:Jeriko]] [[sv:Jeriko]] [[uk:Єрихон]] [[zh:杰里科]]