John B. Goodenough 1604706 221079601 2008-06-22T23:37:07Z DOI bot 6652755 Citation maintenance. Initiated by [[User:Fconaway|Fconaway]]. You can [[WP:DOI|use this bot]] yourself! Please [[User:DOI_bot/bugs|report any bugs]]. '''John Bannister Goodenough''' is an [[United States of America|American]] [[professor]] and prominent [[solid-state physicist]]. He is currently a professor of [[mechanical engineering]] and [[materials science]] at the [[University of Texas at Austin]]. He is widely credited for the identification and development of the [[Li-ion battery|Li-ion rechargeable battery]] as well as for developing the Goodenough-Kanamori rules for determining the sign of the magnetic superexchange in materials. ==Education== He received a B.S. in Mathematics from [[Yale University]] in [[1944]], where he was a member of [[Skull and Bones]]. After serving overseas in [[World War II]], he returned to complete a Ph.D. in [[Physics]] under the supervision of [[Clarence Zener]] at the [[University of Chicago]] in [[1952]]. == Early Career at Lincoln Laboratories == During his early career, he was a research scientist at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT's]] [[Lincoln Laboratory]]. During this time he was part of an interdisciplinary team responsible for developing [[Random Access Memory|random access magnetic memory]]. His research efforts on RAM led him to develop the concepts of cooperative orbital ordering, also known as a cooperative [[Jahn-Teller distortion]], in oxide materials, and subsequently led to his developing the rules for the sign of the magnetic superexchange in materials, now known as the Goodenough-Kanamori rules. == Tenure at Oxford University == During the late 70s and early 80s, he continued his career as head of the [[Inorganic Chemistry]] Laboratory at [[Oxford University]], where he identified and developed Li<sub>x</sub>CoO<sub>2</sub> as the [[cathode]] material of choice for the [[Li-ion battery|Li-ion rechargeable battery]] that is now ubiquitous in today's portable electronic devices. Although [[Sony]] is responsible for the commercialization of the technology, he is widely credited for its original identification and development. He received the [[Japan Prize]] in [[2001]] for his discoveries of the materials critical to the development of lightweight rechargeable batteries. == Professorship at University of Texas at Austin == Since 1986, he has been a Professor at the [[University of Texas at Austin]] in the departments of [[Mechanical Engineering]] and [[Electrical Engineering]]. During his tenure there, he has continued his research on ionic conducting solids and electrochemical devices. His group has identified Li<sub>x</sub>FePO<sub>4</sub> as a less costly cathode material that is safe for power applications such as machine tools and [[Hybrid electric vehicle]]s. His group has also identified various promising electrode and electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells. He currently holds the Virginia H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering. == Fundamental Investigations throughout his career == On the fundamental side, his research has focused on [[magnetism]] and on the transition from magnetic-insulator to metallic behavior in [[transition-metal oxides]]. On the basis of the [[Virial Theorem]], he recognized that this transition should be [[first-order phase transition|first-order]] and should, where the phase transition occurs at too low a temperature for atomic diffusion, result in lattice instabilities. At this crossover, these instabilities lead to charge-density waves in single-valent oxides and to phase-fluctuations in mixed-valent oxides. The phase fluctuations are responsible for such unusual physical properties as [[high-temperature superconductivity]] in copper oxides and a [[colossal magnetoresistance]] in manganese and cobalt oxides. ==Distinctions== Professor Goodenough is a member of the [[National Academy of Engineering]] and [[L'Academie des Sciences de L'Institut de France]] and Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales of Spain. He has authored more than 550 articles, 85 book chapters and reviews, and five books, including two seminal works, Magnetism and the Chemical Bond (1963) and Les oxydes des metaux de transition (1973). ==References== {{cite web | date = [[May 3]], [[2005]] | url = http://www.engr.utexas.edu/faculty/bios/goodenough.cfm | title = John B. Goodenough | work = Faculty | publisher = [[University of Texas at Austin|The University of Texas at Austin]] Mechanical Engineering Department | accessdate = 2006-05-10 }} {{cite book | title = Magnetism and the Chemical Bond |date = 1963 |author = John B. Goodenough |publisher = Interscience-Wiley, New York }} {{cite book | title = Les oxydes des metaux de transition |date = 1973 |author = John B. Goodenough |publisher = Gauthier-Villers, Paris }} {{cite book | author = John B. Goodenough, ed. | date = 2001 | title = Structure & Bonding, V. 98 }} {{cite journal | title = Electronic and ionic transport properties and other physical aspects of perovskites | author = John B. Goodenough | date = 2004 | journal = Rep. Prog. Phys. | volume= 67 | pages = 1915–1973 | doi = 10.1088/0034-4885/67/11/R01 }} {{cite journal | author = K. Mizushima, P.C. Jones, P.J. Wiseman, and J.B. Goodenough | date = 1980 | journal = Mater. Res. Bull. | volume= 15 | pages = 783–799 | doi = 10.1016/0025-5408(80)90012-4 | title = LixCoO2 (0<x<-1): A new cathode material for batteries of high energy density }} {{cite journal | title = Manganese Oxides as Battery Cathodes | author = John B. Goodenough | date = 1985 | journal = Proceedings Symposium on Manganese Dioxide Electrode: Theory and Practice for Electrochemical Applications | volume= 85-4 | pages = 77–96 | editor = B. Schuman, Jr. et al. | publisher = Re Electrochem. Soc. Inc, N.J. }} {{cite journal | author = A.K. Padhi, K.S. Nanjundaswamy, and J.B. Goodenough | title = Phospho-Olivines as Positive Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries | date = 1997 | journal = J. Electrochem. Soc. | volume = 144 | pages = 1188–1194 | doi = 10.1149/1.1837571 }} {{cite journal | author = John B. Goodenough | title = Theory of the role of covalence in the Perovskite-type Manganites | date = 1955 | journal =Phys. Rev. | volume= 79 | pages = 564 }} {{cite book | title =Principles of Inorganic Materials Design | author = John N. Lalena and David A. Cleary | date = 2005 | pages = xi-xiv, 233-269 | publisher = Wiley-Intersciece }} {{cite interview | date = March 6, 2007 | last = University of Texas, Austin, TX }} [[Category:American scientists|Goodenough, John B.]] [[Category:Living people|Goodenough, John B.]] [[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering|Goodenough, John B.]] [[Category:Materials scientists and engineers|Goodenough, John B.]] [[Category:University of Texas at Austin faculty|Goodenough, John B.]] [[Category:Japan Prize laureates|Goodenough]] [[zh:约翰·B·古迪纳夫]]