John Cale 170666 226133626 2008-07-16T23:36:31Z Freeborne 2540001 /* Early recordings: New York in the 1960s */ Moved from the false category "With the Dream Syndicate" {{distinguish|J. J. Cale}} {{Infobox Musical artist |Name = John Cale |Img = John Cale (2006).jpg |Img_capt = |Img_size = |Landscape = yes |Background = solo_singer |Birth_name = John Davies Cale |Alias = |Born = {{birth date and age|1942|3|9}}, [[Garnant]], [[Ammanford, Carmarthenshire|Ammanford]], [[Carmarthenshire]], [[Wales]], [[UK]] |Died = |Instrument = [[Viola]],<br>[[singing|Vocals]],<br>[[organ (music)|Organ]],<br>[[Piano]],<br>[[Harpsichord]],<br>[[Keyboards]],<br>[[bass guitar|Bass]],<br>[[Guitar]] |Genre = [[Art rock]],<br>[[Drone music]],<br>[[Experimental rock]],<br>[[Protopunk]] |Occupation = [[Musician]],<br>[[Composer]],<br>[[Singer-songwriter]],<br>[[Record producer]] |Years_active = 1965&ndash;present |Label = |Associated_acts = [[Theater of Eternal Music]],<br>[[The Velvet Underground]],<br>[[Lou Reed]],<br>[[Betsey Johnson]] |URL = [http://john-cale.com/ Official Website] }} '''John Davies Cale''' (born [[March 9]], [[1942]]) is a [[Wales|Welsh]] [[musician]], [[composer]], [[singer-songwriter]] and [[record producer]]. He is best known for his work in [[Rock and roll|rock music]], particularly as a founding member of [[The Velvet Underground]], although he has worked in a variety of styles over the years. ==Early life and career== John Cale was born in [[Garnant]] in the heavily industrial Amman Valley, and [[Welsh language|Welsh]] is his first language. Having discovered a talent for [[viola]], he studied music at [[Goldsmiths College]], the [[University of London]], where he stayed in room E14 Raymont Hall (in [[Brockley]]). He then traveled to the [[United States|U.S.]] to continue his musical training, thanks to the help and influence of [[Aaron Copland]]. Arriving in [[New York City]], he met a number of influential composers. With [[John Cage]] and several others, Cale participated in an 18-hour piano-playing marathon that was the first full-length performance of [[Erik Satie]]'s "[[Vexations#First public performance|Vexations]]". (After the performance, Cale appeared on the television panel show ''[[I've Got a Secret]]''. Cale's secret was that he had performed in an 18-hour concert, and he was accompanied by a man whose secret was that he was the only audience member who had stayed for the duration.[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYHIqMmtS-0]) More significantly, Cale played in [[La Monte Young]]'s ensemble the [[Theater of Eternal Music]] (also known as the Dream Syndicate, which should not be confused with the 1980s band of the same name). The heavily drone-laden music he played there proved to be a big influence in his work with his next group, the Velvet Underground. Three albums of his early experimental work were released in 2001. One of his collaborators on these recordings was Velvets' guitarist [[Sterling Morrison]]. ==The Velvet Underground== {{main|The Velvet Underground}} [[Image:Velvet Underground.jpg|left|thumb|200px|The Velvet Underground and Nico in 1966; Cale at far left.]] In early [[1965 in music|1965]], he co-founded [[The Velvet Underground]] with [[Lou Reed]], recruiting Reed's college friend [[Sterling Morrison]] and Cale's flatmate [[Angus Maclise]] to complete the initial line-up. Cale was asked to leave the band in September [[1968 in music|1968]], due in part to creative disagreements with Reed. The very first commercially available recording of The Velvet Underground, an instrumental track called "Loop" given away with ''Aspen'' magazine, was a feedback experiment written and conducted by Cale. He then appears on the Velvet Underground's first two albums, ''[[The Velvet Underground and Nico]]'' (recorded in 1966, released in 1967) and ''[[White Light/White Heat]]'' (recorded in 1967, released in 1968). On these albums he plays [[viola]], [[bass guitar]] and [[piano]], and sings occasional [[backup singer|backing vocals]]. ''White Light/White Heat'' features Cale on [[organ (music)|organ]] (on "[[Sister Ray]]") as well as two vocal turns: "[[Lady Godiva's Operation]]", an experimental song where he shares lead vocal duties with Reed, and "[[The Gift]]", a long spoken-word piece written by Reed. Though he co-wrote the music to several songs, his most distinctive contributions are the electrically amplified viola drones which add greatly to the overall atmosphere of the records. Cale also played on Nico's 1967 debut album, ''[[Chelsea Girl (album)|Chelsea Girl]]'', which features songs co-written by Velvet Underground members Cale, Reed and Morrison, who also feature as musicians. Cale makes his debut as lyricist on "Winter Song" and "Little Sister". Apart from appearing on these three albums, he also played organ <ref>Fricke, David. Liner notes to the ''[[Loaded: Fully Loaded Edition]]'' compact disc, 1997</ref> on the track "Ocean" during the demoing sessions for the band's fourth album ''[[Loaded (album)|Loaded]]'', nearly two years after he left the band. He was enticed back into the studio by the band's [[music management|manager]] [[Steve Sesnick]] "in a half-hearted attempt to reunite old comrades", as Cale put it<ref>Fricke, David. Liner notes to the ''[[Peel Slowly and See]]'' [[box set]], 1995</ref>. Although he does not appear on the finished album, the demo recording of "Ocean" was included in the 1997 ''[[Loaded: Fully Loaded Edition]]'' re-issue. Finally, five previously unreleased tracks recorded in late 1967 and early 1968 were included on the [[outtake]]s [[compilation album|compilation]]s ''[[VU (album)|VU]]'' (1985) and ''[[Another View]]'' (1986). Cale is said to have influenced the sound of the early V.U. much more than any other members (and often disagreed forcefully with Reed about the direction their relationship should take). When Cale left the group, he seemed to take the more experimentalist tendencies with him, as is noticeable in comparing the noise-rock experimental ''White Light/White Heat'' (which Cale co-created) to the calmer ''[[The Velvet Underground (album)|The Velvet Underground]]'', recorded after his departure. However, it is noteworthy that his first four solo albums are noticeably quiet and accessible. Cale's tendency towards confrontational and "noisy" music would take four years to reemerge. ==Solo career== ===1970s=== After leaving the Velvet Underground, Cale worked as a [[record producer]] on a number of albums, including [[Nico]]'s ''[[The Marble Index (album)|The Marble Index]]'', ''[[Desertshore]]'' and (later on [[Island]]) ''[[The End (Nico album)|The End]]''. On these he accompanied Nico's voice and harmonium using a wide array of instruments to unusual effect. He also produced [[The Stooges (album)|The Stooges' debut]]. He also appeared on [[Nick Drake]]'s second album, ''[[Bryter Layter]]'', playing viola and harpsichord on two of the album's tracks. While meeting with producer Joe Boyd, he came across Nick's music and insisted on collaborating with him. After a quick meeting, Nick and John hammered out "[[Northern Sky]]" and "Fly". In 1970, in addition to his career as a producer, Cale began to make solo records. His first, the pastoral ''[[Vintage Violence]]'', is generally classified as folk-pop. Shortly thereafter, his collaboration with another classical musician, [[Terry Riley]], on the mainly instrumental ''[[Church of Anthrax]]'' was released, though it was actually recorded almost a year prior. His classical explorations continued with 1972's ''[[The Academy in Peril]]''. He would not compose in the classical mode again until he began composing for soundtracks in the 1980s. In 1972, he signed with [[Reprise Records]] as performer and in-house producer. His ''[[The Academy in Peril]]'' was his first project for Reprise. His fourth solo record ''[[Paris 1919 (album)|Paris 1919]]'' (1973) steered back towards the singer-songwriter mode. ''Paris 1919,'' made up of elegantly crafted and tastefully arranged songs with arcane and complex lyrics, has been cited by critics<ref>[http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:bx5m96bo3ep7 Paris 1919] from Allmusic.com</ref> as one of his best. Artists he produced while at Reprise included [[Jennifer Warnes]]'s third album, ''Jennifer'', as well as albums by [[Chunky, Ernie & Novi]] and [[The Modern Lovers]] which Reprise chose not to release (it was subsequently released by [[Beserkley Records]]). Cale's work as a producer continued. In 1974, he joined [[Island Records]], and worked in that capacity with [[Squeeze]], [[Patti Smith]], and [[Sham 69]], among others. He produced a number of important [[protopunk]] records, including debuts by [[Patti Smith]] and [[The Modern Lovers]]. During this period, he also worked as a talent scout with Island's [[A&R]] department. Moving back to the [[United Kingdom]], Cale made a series of solo albums which moved in a new direction. The tasteful elegance of his earlier records was now replaced by a dark and threatening aura, often carrying a sense of barely-suppressed aggression. A trilogy of albums - ''[[Fear (John Cale album)|Fear]]'', ''[[Slow Dazzle]]'', and ''[[Helen of Troy (album)|Helen of Troy]]'' were recorded with other [[Island Records|Island]] artists including [[Phil Manzanera]] and [[Brian Eno]] of [[Roxy Music]], and [[Chris Spedding]] who featured in his live band. This era of Cale's music is perhaps best represented by his somewhat disturbing cover of [[Elvis Presley]]'s iconic "[[Heartbreak Hotel]]", featured both on ''Slow Dazzle'' and the live album ''[[June 1, 1974]]'', recorded with [[Kevin Ayers]], [[Nico]] and [[Brian Eno|Eno]], and by his frothing performance on "[[Leaving It Up To You]]", a savage indictment of the [[mass media]] first released on ''[[Helen of Troy (album)|Helen of Troy]]'' (1975), but quickly deleted from later editions of the record due perhaps to the song's pointed [[Sharon Tate]] reference. It's also worth noting that both "Leaving" and "[[Fear Is A Man's Best Friend]]" (from ''Fear'') begin as relatively conventional songs that both gradually grow more paranoid in tone before breaking down into what critic Dave Thompson calls "a morass of discordance and screaming."<ref>[http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=33:6srsa9qgi2hs Fear] from Allmusic.com</ref> 1977 saw the release of the offbeat 'Animal Justice' EP, notable particularly for the supremely ponderous epic 'Hedda Gabler', based very loosely on the [[Hedda Gabler|Ibsen play]]. His often loud, abrasive and confrontational live performances fitted well with the nascent [[punk rock]] developing on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Cale took to wearing a [[hockey]] [[goaltender]]'s mask onstage; see the cover of the ''[[Guts (John Cale album)|Guts]]'' compilation (1977). It was a very odd and menacing look, utilized several years before the fictional [[Jason Voorhees]] first appeared on screen and made the goalie's mask synonymous with evil. During one gig he chopped the head off a dead chicken with a meat cleaver, and his band walked offstage in protest. Cale's drummer--a vegetarian--was so bothered he quit the group. Cale mocks his decision on "Chicken Shit" from the ''Animal Justice'' EP. Cale has admitted that some of his paranoia and erratic behaviour at this time was associated with heavy [[cocaine]] use.<ref>Mitchell, Tim ''Sedition and Alchemy : A Biography of John Cale'', 2003, ISBN 0720611326</ref> In December 1979, Cale culminated his embrace of the punk rock ethic by releasing [[Sabotage/Live]]. This raw and intense record, recorded live at [[CBGB]] that June, features aggressive vocal and instrumental performances. The album, though recorded live, consists entirely of new songs, many of which grapple confrontationally with global politics and paranoia. The band used includes [[Deerfrance]] on vocals and percussion. An earlier live set, consisting mostly of new material, was recorded at CBGB the previous year. It was released in 1991 as [[Even Cowgirls Get the Blues (John Cale album)|''Even Cowgirls Get the Blues'']]. The band on that recording includes [[Ivan Kral]] of the [[Patti Smith|Patti Smith Group]] on bass and [[Judy Nylon]] on vocals. ===1980s=== In 1981, Cale signed with A&M Records and tried to move in a more commercial direction with the album ''[[Honi Soit (album)|Honi Soit]]''. He worked with producer [[Mike Thorne]] towards this end <ref>Thorne, Michael. [http://www.stereosociety.com/honisoit.html The making of John Cale's Honi Soit album]</ref>. [[Andy Warhol]] provided the cover art, in black and white, but against Warhol's wishes Cale colorized it. The new direction did not succeed commercially, however, and his relationship with A&M ended. Around this time, Cale married Rise Irushalmi. He signed with [[Ze Records]], a company he had influenced the creation of and which had absorbed [[Spy Records]], the label he had cofounded with [[Jane Friedman]]. The next year, Cale released the sparse ''[[Music For A New Society]]''. Seeming to blend the refined music of his early solo work with the threatening music that came later, it is by any standard a bleak, harrowing record. It's been called "understated, and perhaps a masterpiece."<ref>[http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:38q5g4httv8z~T1 Music for a New Society] from Allmusic.com</ref> He followed up with the album ''[[Caribbean Sunset]]'', also on Ze. This work, with much more accessible production than ''Music for a New Society'', was still extremely militant in some ways. It has never seen release on CD. A live album, ''[[John Cale Comes Alive]]'', followed it and included two new studio songs, "Ooh La La" and "Never Give Up On You". His daughter Eden was born in this period. In a last effort at commercial success, Cale recorded ''[[Artificial Intelligence (John Cale album)|Artificial Intelligence]]'' for Beggars Banquet records. This album, written in collaboration with [[Larry Sloman|Larry "Ratso" Sloman]], was characterized by synthesizers and drum machines and is entirely written in the pop idiom. It was not significantly more successful than its predecessors, despite the relative success of the single "Satellite Walk." It has been voted Cale's worst album by the Sabotage2 mailing list. Thereafter, in part because of his young daughter, Cale took a long break from recording and performing. He made a comeback in 1989 with vocal and orchestral settings of poems by [[Dylan Thomas]]. Notable among these is "[[Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night]]", which he performed on stage in the concert held in Cardiff in 1999 to celebrate the opening of the [[Welsh Assembly]]. The music was recorded in 1992 with a Welsh boys' choir and a Russian orchestra, on an [[Brian Eno|Eno]] produced album: ''[[Words for the Dying]]''. ''Words for the Dying'' also included a pair of electric piano "Songs Without Words" and a Cale/Eno collaboration, "The Soul of Carmen Miranda." ===1990s and beyond=== In 1990, he again collaborated with Eno on an album entitled ''[[Wrong Way Up]]''. This was another of Cale's uneasy working relationships, and he remains bitter about his experience with Eno. One of the songs, "Lay My Love" was on the [[Northern Exposure]] soundtrack ''More Music From Northern Exposure'' released in 1994. Cale covered [[Leonard Cohen]]'s song "[[Hallelujah (song)|Hallelujah]]" on the 1991 tribute album ''[[I'm Your Fan]]''. Cale's cover of "Hallelujah" was used in the 1996 film, [[Basquiat]], and the 2001 film, ''[[Shrek]]'', in the latter film one line of the lyric ("Maybe there's a God above") was edited from the song; however, [[Rufus Wainwright]]'s performance of the song was included on the film's official soundtrack instead of Cale's. It is however included in the official soundtrack for the TV-series [[Scrubs (TV series)|Scrubs]]. In 1992, Cale performed vocals on the song "First Evening" on French producer [[Hector Zazou]]'s album ''Sahara Blue''. All lyrics on the album were based on the poetry of author [[Arthur Rimbaud]]. In 1994, Cale performed a spoken word duet with [[Suzanne Vega]] on the song "The Long Voyage" on Zazou's album ''[[Chansons des mers froides]]''. The lyrics were based on the poem "Les Silhouettes" by author [[Oscar Wilde]] and Cale co-wrote the music with Zazou. It was later released as a single (retitled "The Long Voyages" as it featured several remixes by Zazou, [[Mad Professor]], and more). ''[[Songs for Drella]]'', saw him reunited with [[Lou Reed|Reed]], in a tribute to one-time Velvet Underground manager and mentor [[Andy Warhol]]. Though the reconciliation was fruitful, old differences resurfaced, causing tension. In his autobiography, Cale revealed that he resented letting Lou take charge of the project. The collaboration eventually led to the brief reunion of the Velvet Underground in 1993. ''Nico'', an instrumental ballet score and tribute to [[Nico|the singer]] was performed by Scapino Rotterdam plus an added selection from ''[[The Marble Index (album)|The Marble Index]]'' in 1998, with the score released as ''[[Dance Music (album)|Dance Music]]''. Cale has also written a number of [[film soundtrack]]s, often using more [[european classical music|classically]] influenced instrumentation. His version of Hallelujah was used in the credits in a mini-documentary about [[John Frusciante|John Frusciante's]] life, called [[Stuff (film)|Stuff]]. Cale's autobiography, ''What's Welsh for Zen?'', was published in 1999. The biography serves to vent Cale's spleen, and often tends to a vindictive relation of his experience with male collaborators. John Cale was paid tribute by [[John Cameron Mitchell]] in the [[Hedwig and the Angry Inch (musical)|1998 off-Broadway]] and [[Hedwig and the Angry Inch (film)|2001 film versions]] of the rock musical [[Hedwig and the Angry Inch]]. As the title character, Mitchell employed a vocal affect and cadence that clearly imitate Cale, particularly his spoken word performance on "[[The Gift (Velvet Underground song)|The Gift]]" from the 1968 [[Velvet Underground]] album [[White Light/White Heat]].{{Fact|date=June 2007}} With 2003's E.P. ''[[Five Tracks]]'' and the album ''[[HoboSapiens]]'', John Cale again returned as a regular recording artist, this time with music influenced by modern [[electronica]] and [[alternative rock]]. The well received album was co-produced with [[Nick Franglen]] of [[Lemon Jelly]]. That record was again followed with 2005's album ''[[BlackAcetate]]'', which consolidated John Cale's reputation as a versatile and tirelessly innovative music auteur. In 2005, Cale produced Austin singer-songwriter [[Alejandro Escovedo]]'s eighth album, ''[[The Boxing Mirror]]'', which was released in May 2006. In June 2006, Cale released a radio and digital single, "Jumbo in tha Modernworld," that was unconnected to any album. A video was created for the song as well. In March 2007 a 23 song live retrospective, ''[[Circus Live]]'' was released in Europe. This two-disc album, composed of recordings from both the 2004 and 2006 tours, featured new arrangements and reworkings of songs from his entire career. Of particular interest is the ''Amsterdam Suite'', a set of songs from a performance at the Amsterdam ''[[Paradiso (Amsterdam)|Paradiso]]'' in 2004 (archived by the venue on their [http://www.fabchannel.com/john_cale internet performance repository]). A studio-created drone has been edited into these songs. The set also included a DVD, featuring electric rehearsal material and a short acoustic set, as well as a "Jumbo in Tha Modernworld" for 2006 single. In May 2007, Cale contributed a cover of [[LCD Soundsystem]] song "All My Friends" to the vinyl and digital single releases of the LCD Soundsystem original. Cale has continued to work with other artists, contributing viola to the forthcoming [[Danger Mouse]]-produced second album by London psychedelic trio [[The Shortwave Set]] and producing the second album of American indie band [[Ambulance Ltd]]. ==Discography== ===Early recordings: New York in the 1960s=== * ''[[Inside the Dream Syndicate Vol. I: Day of Niagara]]'' (Table of the Elements) 2000 * ''Sun Blindness Music'' (Table of the Elements) 2001 * ''Inside The Dream Syndicate Vol. II: Dream Interpretation'' (Table of the Elements) 2001 * ''Inside The Dream Syndicate Vol. III: Stainless Gamelan'' (Table of the Elements) 2001 ===With the Velvet Underground=== * ''[[The Velvet Underground and Nico]]'' (Verve) March 1967 * ''[[White Light/White Heat]]'' (Verve) January 1968 * ''[[VU (album)|VU]]'' (Verve, outtakes compilation) February 1985 * ''[[Another View]]'' (Verve, outtakes compilation) September 1986 * ''[[Live MCMXCIII]]'' (Sire) November 1993 * ''[[Peel Slowly and See]]'' (Polydor, box set) September 1995 * ''[[Loaded (album)|Loaded (Fully Loaded Edition)]]'' (Rhino Records) 1997† * ''[[The Very Best of the Velvet Underground]]'' (Polydor, compilation) April 2003 <small>† Although Cale had left The Velvet Underground two years before they released their 1970 album ''[[Loaded (album)|Loaded]]'', he was briefly involved in the demo stages of that record. The 1997 2CD reissue of that album contains a demo of "Ocean" that is believed to feature Cale playing the organ.</small> ===Solo=== * ''[[Vintage Violence]]'' (Columbia) December 1970 * ''[[The Academy in Peril]]'' (Reprise) April 1972 * ''[[Paris 1919 (album)|Paris 1919]]'' (Reprise) March 1973 * ''[[Fear (John Cale album)|Fear]]'' (Island) September 1974 * ''[[Slow Dazzle]]'' (Island) March 1975 * ''[[Helen of Troy (album)|Helen of Troy]]'' (Island) November 1975 * ''[[Guts (John Cale album)|Guts]]'' (compilation) (Island) February 1977 * ''[[Animal Justice (EP)]]'' (Illegal IL 003, UK) September 1977 * ''[[Sabotage/Live]]'' (IRS) December 1979 * ''[[Honi Soit (album)|Honi Soit]]'' March 10, 1981 * ''[[Music For A New Society]]'' (Ze) August 1982 * ''Caribbean Sunset'' (Ze) June 1983 * ''John Cale Comes Alive'' (Ze) September 1984 * ''[[John cale artificial intelligence|Artificial Intelligence'']] (Beggars Banquet) September 1985 * ''[[Words for the Dying]]'' (Opal/Warner Bros.) October 1989 * ''Even Cowgirls Get The Blues'' (live) ([[ROIR]]) 1991 * ''Paris S'eveille, Suivi d'Autres Compositions'' (OST) (Crepuscule) November 1991 * ''[[Fragments of a Rainy Season]]'' (live) (Hannibal) October 1992 * ''23 Solo Pieces pour La Naissance de L'Amour'' (Crepuscule) November 1993 * ''N'Oublie Pas Que Tu Vas Mourir'' (Crepuscule) 1994 * ''Seducing Down The Door'' (compilation) (Rhino) 1994 * ''Antartida'' (OST) (Crepuscule) 1995 * ''Walking on Locusts'' (Hannibal) September 1996 * ''Eat/Kiss: Music for the Films of Andy Warhol'' (Hannibal) June 1997 * ''Somewhere In The City'' (OST) August 1998 * ''Nico: Dance Music'' October 1998 * ''The Unknown'' (OST) (Crepuscule) 1999 * ''Le Vent De La Nuit'' (OST) (Crepuscule) March 1999 * ''Close Watch: An Introduction to John Cale'' (compilation) - 1999 * ''5 Tracks'' (EP) (EMI) May 2003 * ''[[HoboSapiens]]'' (EMI) October 2003 * ''Process'' (OST) (Syntax) July 2005 * ''[[blackAcetate]]'' (EMI) October 2005 * ''Jumbo In Tha Modern World (CD single)'' (EMI) July 2006 * ''[[Circus Live]]'' (live) (EMI) February 2007 ===Collaborations=== * ''[[Church of Anthrax]]'' (with [[Terry Riley]]) (Columbia) April 1971 * ''[[June 1, 1974]]'' (with [[Kevin Ayers]], [[Brian Eno]], [[Nico]]) (Island) 1974 * ''[[Songs for Drella]]'' (with [[Lou Reed]]) (WEA) April 1990 * ''[[Wrong Way Up]]'' (with [[Brian Eno]]) (All Saints) October 1990 * ''Last Day on Earth'' (OST, with [[Bob Neuwirth]]) (MCA) May 1994 * "First Evening" by [[Hector Zazou]] featuring John Cale, from the Hector Zazou album ''Sahara Blue'' (La Grande Hall-La Villette/Crammed Discs) 1992 * "The Long Voyages" (single) by [[Hector Zazou]] featuring [[Suzanne Vega]] & John Cale, from the Hector Zazou album ''Chansons des mers froides'' (Sony Music) 1995 * ''[[Gone Again]]'' (with [[Patti Smith]]) (Arista) June 1996 * ''I Wanna Be Around'' (with Jools Holland's Small World Big Band) (Import) 2001 * ''[[Le Bataclan '72]]'' (with [[Lou Reed]] and [[Nico]]) 2004 ===Productions=== * ''[[The Stooges (album)|The Stooges]]'' (by [[The Stooges]]) (Elektra) 1969 * ''[[The Marble Index (album)|The Marble Index]]'' (by [[Nico]]) 1969 * ''[[Desertshore]]'' (by [[Nico]]) 1970 * ''[[Jennifer]]'' (by [[Jennifer Warnes]]) 1972 * ''[[The End (Nico album)|The End]]'' (by [[Nico]]) 1973 * ''[[Horses (album)|Horses]]'' (by [[Patti Smith]]) (Arista) 1975 * ''[[The Modern Lovers (album)|The Modern Lovers]]'' (by [[The Modern Lovers]]) (Beserkley) 1976 * ''[[UK Squeeze]]'' (by [[UK Squeeze]]) 1978 - in US - ''[[Squeeze]]'' (by [[Squeeze]]) - in UK * ''[[Squirrel and G-Man Twenty Four Hour Party People Plastic Face Carnt Smile (White Out)]]''(by [[Happy Mondays]]) 1987 * ''Louise Féron'' (by [[Louise Féron]]) (Virgin) 1991 * ''[[The Rapture (album)|The Rapture]]'' (by [[Siouxsie and the Banshees]]) (Wonderland) 1994 * ''The Boxing Mirror'' (by [[Alejandro Escovedo]]) 2006 Soundtrack for films "Basquiat", "American Psycho" and "Smokin' Aces" ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== *Rogan, Johnny (2006). Van Morrison:No Surrender, London:Vintage Books ISBN 9780099431831 *Mitchell, Tim ''Sedition and Alchemy : A Biography of John Cale'', 2003, ISBN 0720611326 * ''The New Musical Express Book of Rock'', 1975, Star Books, ISBN 0 352 300744 ==External links== *[http://www.john-cale.com/ john-cale.com] official website *[http://www.xs4all.nl/~werksman/cale Fear Is A Man's Best Friend] extensive fan site *[http://www.ubu.com/sound/cale.html UbuWeb: John Cale] featuring music from ''Aspen No. 5+6'' *[http://home.nyc.rr.com/alweisel/rollingstonejohncale.htm John Cale Interview] John Cale Interview *[http://www.mentalcontagion.com/mcarchive/examinations/examinations0409.html Essay on Cale in Examinations Archive] *[http://blog.fragmentsofcale.net/ Fragments of Cale], track-by-track review of Cale's work * {{imdb name|id=0129816|name=John Cale}} * {{musicbrainz artist|id=72c090b6-a68e-4cb9-b330-85278681a714|name=John Cale}} * {{Discogs artist|artist=John+Cale|name=John Cale}} ===Listening=== *[http://www.studio360.org/episodes/2006/06/02 John Cale on ''Studio 360'' radio program] {{The Velvet Underground}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cale, John}} [[Category:1942 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London]] [[Category:Welsh singer-songwriters]] [[Category:Welsh record producers]] [[Category:People from Carmarthenshire]] [[Category:The Velvet Underground members]] [[Category:Welsh male singers]] [[Category:Welsh rock bass guitarists]] [[Category:Welsh songwriters]] [[Category:British experimental musicians]] [[Category:Welsh-speaking people]] [[Category:Rock violists]] [[br:John Cale]] [[ca:John Cale]] [[cy:John Cale]] [[de:John Cale]] [[es:John Cale]] [[fi:John Cale]] [[fr:John Cale]] [[he:ג'ון קייל]] [[it:John Cale]] [[nl:John Cale]] [[nn:John Cale]] [[no:John Cale]] [[pl:John Cale]] [[ru:Кейл, Джон]] [[sv:John Cale]]