John James 342067 218358064 2008-06-10T08:15:57Z FiriBot 6990130 robot Adding: [[ro:John James]] {{otherpeople}} '''John James''' (c 1673- [[15 May]] [[1746]]) was an [[architect]] particularly associated with [[Twickenham]] in west [[London]], where he rebuilt St. Mary's Church and built the house for [[James Johnston (Scotland)|Hon. James Johnson]], Secretary for Scotland, later Orleans House (demolished). [[Howard Colvin]]'s assessment of him was that of "a competent architect, but he lacked inventive fancy, and his buildings are for the most part plain and unadventurous in design" (Colvin 1995). The son of a [[Hampshire]] parson, also named John James, he attended the Holy Ghost School, [[Basingstoke]], of which his father was headmaster. He was then apprenticed in 1690 to [[Matthew Banckes]], Master Carpenter to the Crown 1683-1706, whose niece he married, and lived for a while at [[Hampton Court Palace]]. He was employed at [[Greenwich]], where in 1718 he became joint Clerk of the Works with [[Nicholas Hawksmoor|Hawksmoor]], whom he succeeded as Surveyor to the Fabric of [[Westminster Abbey]], where he completed Hawksmoor's west towers. In the interim he was appointed master carpenter at [[St. Paul's Cathedral]], where he assisted Sir [[Christopher Wren]] and succeeded him in 1723 as Surveyor to the Fabric.<ref>His altar was removed in 1886 (Colvin). </ref> He was Master of the [[Worshipful Company of Carpenters|Carpenters' Company]] in 1734. His only commission for a design from the Commissioners for the Building of Fifty New Churches under the Act of 1711 was [[St. George's, Hanover Square]]. He collaborated with [[Nicholas Hawksmoor|Hawksmoor]] on the design of [[St John Horsleydown]] in Southwark and [[St Luke Old Street]]. James also designed [[St. Mary's Church, Rotherhithe]] in 1714-1715 and St Lawrence Whitchurch near Edgware around the same time. Among several buildings in and around Twickenham, John James designed St. Mary's Church after it collapsed in [[1713]] (with the exception of its surviving west tower). Slightly further afield, he was responsible for recasing the tower of [[St Alfege's Church, Greenwich|St Alfege's Church]] in [[Greenwich, London|Greenwich]], [[Kent]] (now [[London]]) after it became unsafe (the tower was the only remaining part of an older church, the rest having also collapsed and been replaced by a new church designed (c.1714) by [[Nicholas Hawksmoor]]). Also in south-east London, James designed Wricklemarsh, "a pioneer [[Palladian]] mansion" (Colvin) and in fact his only Palladian-style structure, for Sir [[Gregory Page]] in 1723<ref> Wricklemarsh was demolished in 1787, depriving it of a deserved reputation as one of the Palladian incunabula; the site now forms part of the Cator Estate at [[Blackheath, London]]. The portico and other materials were re-used at Beckenham Place, Kent, and four marble chimneypieces were removed to the First Lord's house, [[Whitehall]] (Colvin) </ref>. The house he designed for himself around 1725 - Warbrook in [[Eversley]], Hampshire - is one of the few surviving houses built by an eighteenth century architect for his own use. He may also have designed [[Hursley House]], Hursley, Hampshire, for (later, Sir) [[Sir William Heathcote, 1st Baronet|William Heathcote]] and Barnsley House in [[Gloucestershire]] is now usually attributed to him, c. 1720. He published a pamphlet (1736) in the pamphlet war over the design of [[Westminster Bridge]], for which he had submitted a design, which, though not accepted by the Commissioners, was accounted "clearly and well described" <ref>Commissioners' minutes, quoted by Colvin</ref>. Competent in Latin, French and Italian, he translated [[Andrea Pozzo]]'s treatise on perspective as ''Rules and Examples of Perspective, proper for Painters and Architects'' (1707, 2nd edition c. 1725) and from the French of [[Claude Perrault]], ''A Treatise of the Five Orders of Columns in Architecture'' (1708), and from the French of [[Dezallier d'Argenville]], ''The Theory and Practice of Gardening'' (1712, 2nd edition 1728, 3rd edition 1743. Thus John James can be seen as one of the intermediaries who made Baroque Continental practice in architecture, decorative painting and formal garden planning available to English patrons and craftsmen. ==Notes== <references/> ==References== *Howard Colvin, 1995 (3rd ed.). ''A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1660-1840.'' (Yale University Press): "John James" [[Category:1672 births|James, John]] [[Category:1746 deaths|James, John]] [[Category:English architects|James, John]] [[Category:People from Hampshire]] [[Category: English Baroque architecture]] [[ro:John James]]