John James Richard Macleod
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{{click|image=Nobel medal dsc06171.jpg|link=Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|width=20px|height=20px}}
{{see also|John MacLeod}}
{{Infobox_Scientist
| name = John James Richard Macleod {{click|image=Nobel medal dsc06171.jpg|link=Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|width=20px|height=20px}}
| image =
| image_width = 150px
| caption =
| birth_date = [[September 6]], [[1876]]
| birth_place = [[Perth and Kinross]], [[Scotland]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1935|03|16|1876|09|06}}
| death_place = [[Scotland]]
| residence =
| citizenship = [[United Kingdom]]
| field = Medical scientist
| work_institutions =
| alma_mater =[[University of Aberdeen]]
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Co-discover of insulin
| author_abbreviation_bot =
| author_abbreviation_zoo =
| prizes = [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1923, [[Order of the British Empire]]
| religion =
| footnotes =
}}
'''John James Richard Macleod''' ([[September 6]], [[1876]] – [[March 16]], [[1935]]) was a [[Scotland|Scottish]] physician, physiologist, and recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]].
==Biography==
Macleod was born at [[Clunie]], [[Perth and Kinross]], [[Scotland]]. He was the son of the Rev. Robert Macleod.
During [[1898]] he received his medical degree from [[University of Aberdeen]] and went to work for a year at the [[University of Leipzig]]. During [[1899]] he was appointed Demonstrator of [[Physiology]] at the London Hospital Medical School and in [[1902]] he was appointed Lecturer in [[Biochemistry]] at the school. During [[1903]] he was appointed Professor of Physiology at the [[Western Reserve University]] at [[Cleveland, Ohio]]. During [[1918]] he was elected Professor of Physiology at the [[University of Toronto]], [[Canada]].
Macleod's main work was on carbohydrate metabolism and his efforts with [[Frederick Banting]] and [[Charles Best]] in the discovery of [[insulin]] used to treat [[diabetes]]. For this Banting and Macleod were jointly awarded the [[Nobel Prize for Medicine]] in [[1923]]. Macleod was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for the discovery of insulin, in spite of the fact that many people (including Banting) publicly insisted that Macleod's involvement was minimal and Best's work had been essential. However, it was MacCleod's research plan and his suggestion to inject intravenous degenerated pancreas into depancreatinized dog sugar that ultimately led to the successful isolation of insulin. There is currently a controversy regarding the role of Banting and Best in attempting to 'write out' Macleod and his colleague J.P. Collip from the history books. Macleod's receiving the Nobel Prize over Best was controversial at the time (see [[Nobel Prize controversies#Physiology or medicine|Nobel Prize controversies]]).
He wrote eleven books, including ''Recent Advances in Physiology'' (1905); ''Diabetes: its Pathological Physiology'' (1925); and ''Carbohydrate Metabolism and Insulin''. (1926)
The [[auditorium]] of the Medical Science Building at [[University of Toronto]] is named after J.J.R. Macleod. In 2005 [[Diabetes UK]] named its offices in London in honour of J.J.R. Macleod.
==References==
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Raju
|first=Tonse N K
|authorlink=
|year=[[2006]]
|month=Oct
|title=A mysterious something: the discovery of insulin and the 1923 Nobel Prize for Frederick G. Banting (1891-1941) and John J.R. Macleod (1876-1935)
|journal=Acta Paediatr.
|volume=95
|issue=10
|pages=1155–6| location =
| pmid = 16982482
|doi = 10.1080/08035250600930328
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Shampo
|first=Marc A
|authorlink=
|coauthors=Kyle Robert A
|year=[[2006]]
|month=Aug
|title=John J. R. Macleod--Nobel prize for discovery of insulin
|journal=Mayo Clin. Proc.
|volume=81
|issue=8
|pages=1006
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 16901021
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Williams
|first=M J
|authorlink=
|year=[[1993]]
|month=Jul
|title=J. J. R. Macleod: the co-discoverer of insulin
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
|volume=23
|issue=3
|pages=1–125
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 11613051
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Bliss
|first=M
|authorlink=
|year=[[1989]]
|month=Mar
|title=J. J. R. Macleod and the discovery of insulin
|journal=Quarterly journal of experimental physiology (Cambridge, England)
|volume=74
|issue=2
|pages=87–96
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 2657840
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Hudson
|first=R P
|authorlink=
|year=[[1979]]
|month=Aug
|title=New light on the insulin controversey (Frederick G. Banting and J. J. R. Macleod)
|journal=Ann. Intern. Med.
|volume=91
|issue=2
|pages=311
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 380438
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Kenéz
|first=J
|authorlink=
|year=[[1970]]
|month=May
|title=[Unknown chapters in the lore of insulin (in memory of J.J. Macleod)]
|journal=Orvosi hetilap
|volume=111
|issue=18
|pages=1050–3
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4916661
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=ALLAN
|first=F N
|authorlink=
|year=[[1955]]
|month=
|title=J.J.R. Macleod
|journal=Diabetes
|volume=4
|issue=6
|pages=491–2
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 13285390
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
==External links==
*[http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1923/macleod-bio.html John Macleod – Biography]
*[http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1923/macleod-lecture.html John Macleod – Nobel Lecture, May 26, 1925]
{{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 1901-1925}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Macleod, John James Richard}}
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1935 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Perth and Kinross]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine]]
[[Category:Scottish biochemists]]
[[Category:Scottish doctors]]
[[Category:Scottish physiologists]]
[[Category:Scottish inventors]]
[[Category:Scottish scholars and academics]]
[[Category:Scottish Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:University of Toronto]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Aberdeen]]
[[Category:University of Leipzig faculty]]
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