Journal
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{{this|the journal as a written medium}}
A '''journal''' (through [[French language|French]] from late [[Latin]] ''diurnalis'', daily) has several related meanings:
* a daily record of events or business; a private journal is usually referred to as a [[diary]].
* a [[newspaper]] or other periodical, in the literal sense of one published each day;
* many publications issued at stated intervals, such as magazines, or scholarly [[academic journal]]s, or the record of the transactions of a society, are often called journals. Although journal is sometimes used as a synonym for "[[magazine]]," in academic use, a journal refers to a serious, scholarly publication, most often [[peer-review]]ed. A non-scholarly magazine written for an educated audience about an industry or an area of professional activity is usually called a professional magazine.
The word "[[journalist]]" for one whose business is writing for the public press has been in use since the end of the 17th century.
== Public journal ==
"Journal" is also applied to the record, day by day, of the business and proceedings of a public body:
* The journals of the [[British Parliament|British Houses of Parliament]] contain an official record of the business transacted day by day in either house. The record does not take note of speeches, though some of the earlier volumes contain references to them. The journals are a lengthened account written from the "Votes and Proceedings" (in the [[House of Lords]] called "Minutes of Proceedings"), made day by day by the Clerks at the Table, and printed on the responsibility of the Clerk of the House. In the Commons the Votes and Proceedings, but not the Journal, bear the Speaker's signature in fulfilment of a former order that he should "peruse" them before publication. The journals of the [[British House of Commons]] begin in the first year of the reign of [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]] in 1547, and are complete, except for a short interval under [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]]. Those of the House of Lords date from the first year of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] in 1509. Before that date the proceedings in parliament were entered in the [[rolls of parliament]], which extend from 1278 to 1503. The journals of the Lords are "records" in the judicial sense, those of the Commons are not (see [[Erskine May, 1st Baron Farnborough|Erskine May]], ''Parliamentary Practice'', 1906, pages 201-202).
* Section 5 of [[Article One of the United States Constitution]] requires the [[Congress of the United States]] to keep a journal of its [[proceeding]]s. This journal, the ''[[Congressional Record]]'' is published by the [[Government Printing Office]].
Journals of this sort are also often referred to as [[minutes]] or [[gazette]]s.
In some countries, the publication in the official journal is a condition for the law to [[come into effect]] (know as [[publication]] in the official journal) and it is released in the [[public domain]].
== Business ==
The term "journal" is used in business: Journal is the book in which the transactions are entered the first time they are processed.<br />
* a book in which an account of transactions is kept previous to a transfer to the [[ledger]] in the process of [[bookkeeping]]; or
* an equivalent to a ship's log, as a record of the daily run, such as observations, weather changes, or other events of daily importance.Journals are so important for business and school. Some [[Media:Meteorologist]] also uses Journal
==See also==
*[[Diary]]
*[[Gazette]]
*[[Hans]]
*[[Ledger]]
*[[Log]]
*[[Minutes]]
*[[Open Access]]
*[[Registry]]
*[[Zine]]
*[[Journalism]]
[[Category:Journals| ]]
[[Category:Periodicals]]
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[[de:Journal (Magazin)]]
[[fa:دفتر روزنامه]]
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[[simple:Journal]]