Jumping
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2008-07-09T03:12:49Z
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Dab Prong.
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[[Image:SplitLeap.gif|thumb|right|250px|A ''split leap'', performed by an [[acro dance|acro dancer]]. This is one of several types of leaps found in [[dance]].]]
[[Image:Bottlenose Dolphin KSC04pd0178.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Jumping [[bottlenose dolphin]]]]
[[Image:Hometrampoline.jpg|thumb|250px|A person jumping on a [[trampoline]]]]
[[Image:leapfrog.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Two participants engaged in a game of [[leapfrog]]]]
[[Image:Dominik Klein jump.jpg|thumb|250px|A [[Team Handball|handball]] player jumping towards the goal]]
'''Jumping''' or '''leaping''' is an ability that most [[human]]s and many [[animal]]s share to some degree. It is the process of getting one's [[body]] off the [[ground]] for a short time using only one's own power, usually by propelling oneself upward via [[contraction]] and then forceful [[extension]] of the legs. One can jump up to reach something high, jump over a [[fence]] or [[ditch]], or jump down, and one can jump while [[dancing]] and as a [[sport]]. Some animals, such as the [[kangaroo]], use jumping, more commonly called hopping in this instance, as their primary form of [[Animal locomotion|locomotion]].
==Anatomy==
The [[anterior compartment of thigh]] contain the main muscles contributing to jumping, e.g. [[quadriceps femoris muscle]]s, in addition to [[calf muscle]]s. They may be helped by the rest of the body, e.g. by pushing down with the arms when playing [[leapfrog]].
==Tools==
In some cases the height of a jump may be increased by using a [[trampoline]], or, by converting horizontally directed velocity into vertically directed velocity by using a ''jump'', such as a [[quarter pipe]].
==Leaping gaits==
Leaping gaits, which are distinct from [[running]] gaits (see [[Locomotion]]), include [[canter]]ing, [[Horse gaits#Gallop|galloping]], and [[stotting|pronging]].<ref name="Roberts1995">Tristan David Martin Roberts (1995) ''Understanding Balance: The Mechanics of Posture and Locomotion'', Nelson Thornes, ISBN 0412601605.</ref>
==[[Athletics (track and field)|Athletics]] events==
* [[High jump]], where the objective is to place a horizontal bar as high as possible and leap over it in one jump, preceded by a short run-up.
* [[Hurdling]], a foot race where the track is covered with hurdles.
* [[Fierljeppen]], similar to the long jump, but using a pole to cover the distance.
* [[Long jump]], where the objective is to cover as large a horizontal distance as possible with one jump, preceded by a short run-up.
* [[Pole vault]], in which is similar to the high jump, but competitors use a long flexible pole to cover a bigger height.
==Sports==
* [[American football]]
* [[Basketball]]
* [[Bossaball]]
* [[Badminton]]
* [[Dancing]]
* [[Figure skating]] — both, ice and roller
* [[Football]]
* [[Gymnastics]]
* [[Jump rope]]
* [[Jumping puzzle]]s in video games
* [[Martial arts]]
* [[Parkour]]
* [[Rugby football|Rugby]]
* [[Skateboarding]]- referred as ollies.
* [[Skiing]]
* [[Swimming]]
* [[Team Handball]]
* [[Trampolining]]
* [[Ultimate (sport)|Ultimate]]
* [[Volleyball]]
==Animal sports==
* [[Dog agility]] involves a handler directing a dog through various obstacles, including jumps.
* [[Hunter/Jumper]] involves a rider jumping a sequence of fences looking as good as possible and maintaining a good rhythm.
* [[Show jumping]] involves a rider jumping a sequence of fences as fast as they can.
'''OTHER "JUMPING"'''
[x] Show Jumping- Show jumping is when a rider and horse jump through the course of fences as fast as they can, without getting any faults.
[x] Dog Races- Dog races is when a dog jumps over and through a selection of obstacles in the best time.
[x] Hunter Jumper- Show hunters as a group are judged on manners, way of going, and conformation.
[x] Other- Other can include animals and people. Animals jump through hoops, and over small obstacles, while people jump over hurdles. Sea creatures are also included in the animal section.
== External links ==
{{Commons|Jumping}}
* [http://www.worldjumpproject.com World Jump Project] - Dedicated to collecting pictures of people jumping in interesting locations around the world
* [http://www.the-biomatrix.net/improve-jumping-height.htm Tips for improving vertical jump]
* [http://www.terminalvertical.com/forum/ Terminalvertical.com Forum]
* [http://www.brianmac.demon.co.uk/plymohip.htm Tbrianmac.demon.co.uk Plyometrics]
* [http://insidehoops.com/gym/jump-higher.shtml insidehoops.com Jump Higher]
* [http://jumpropevideos.com/ Jump Rope Videos]
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Human skills]]
[[Category:Locomotion]]
[[Category:Sports science]]
[[bs:Skakanje]]
[[nl:Springen (paardensport)]]
[[simple:Jump]]
[[tl:Pagtalon]]