Jutland
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:''This article is about the region of [[Denmark]]. For the [[World War I]] naval battle, see '''[[Battle of Jutland]]'''. For the equine breed, see [[Jutland (horse)]].''
[[Image:jutland peninsula 2.png|thumb|Jutland Peninsula]]
'''Jutland''' ({{lang-da|Jylland}}; {{lang-de|Jütland}}; [[Northern Low Saxon|Low German]]: ''Jüütland''; {{pronEng|ˈdʒʌtlənd}} in English) is the western, continental part of [[Denmark]] as well as one of the three historical [[Lands of Denmark]], dividing the [[North Sea]] from the [[Kattegat]] and the [[Baltic Sea]]. The ''Jutland Peninsula'' or ''[[Cimbri]]an Peninsula''
also comprises the northernmost part of [[Germany]].
==History==
:''Main articles: [[History of Denmark]] and [[History of Schleswig-Holstein]].''
Jutland has historically been one of the three [[lands of Denmark]], the other two being [[Scania]] and [[Zealand]]. Before that, according to [[Ptolemy]], Jutland or the ''Cimbric Chersonese'' was the home of [[Teutons]], [[Cimbri]] and [[Charudes]].
Some [[Angles]], [[Saxons]], [[Jutes]], and [[Vandals]] moved from [[continental Europe]] to [[Great Britain]] starting in c. 450 AD. The Angles themselves gave their name to the new emerging kingdoms called England (Angle-land). This is thought by some to be related to the drive of the [[Huns]] from [[Asia]] across [[Europe]], although the arrival of the [[Dane]]s would more likely have been a major contributory factor, since conflicts between the Danes and the Jutes were both many and bloody.{{Fact|date=April 2007}}
The Danes took considerable steps to protect themselves from the depredations of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Frankish]] emperors, principally with the building of the [[Danevirke]], a wall stretching across South Jutland at the shortest distance from the [[North Sea]] to the [[Baltic Sea]].
[[Charlemagne]] removed [[paganism|pagan]] Saxons from the southernmost part of the peninsula at the Baltic Sea — the later [[Holstein]] area — and moved [[Abodrites]] (or Obotrites), a group of [[Wends|Wendish]] [[Slavs]] who pledged allegiance to Charlemagne and who had for the most part [[christianization|converted to Christianity]], into the area instead.
To speed transit between the Baltic and the North Sea, canals have been built across the peninsula, notably the ''Eiderkanal'' in the late 18th century and the [[Kiel Canal]], completed in 1895 and still in use.
During [[World War I]], the [[Battle of Jutland]] was one of the largest naval battles in history. In this pitched battle, the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Royal Navy]] engaged the German Navy leading to heavy casualties and ship losses on both sides. The battle was initially portrayed by the German Kaiser as a German victory, and in fact, based on the number of capital ships sunk and the number of sailors killed, it was. However, the British navy was much larger and could more easily sustain the losses, also, a number of German ships were damaged and put out of commission for many months, and ultimately Jutland was considered a British victory. The German Navy never again presented a threat.
== Geography ==
Its terrain is relatively flat, with heaths, plains and [[peat]] bogs in the west and a more elevated and slightly hilly terrain in the east. The Danish portion has an area of 29,775 km² (11,496 square miles) and a population of 2,513,601 (2007). Population density is 84 per km² (218 per sq.mi.).
The northernmost part of Jutland is separated by the [[Limfjord]] from the [[mainland]], but is still commonly reckoned as part of the peninsula. It only became an [[island]] following a [[flood]] in 1825. The area is called the [[North Jutlandic Island]], [[Vendsyssel]]-[[Thy]] (after its districts) or simply ''Jutland north of the Limfjord''; it is only partly coterminous with the region called [[North Jutland]].
The islands [[Læsø]], [[Anholt (Denmark)|Anholt]] and [[Samsø]] in [[Kattegat]] and [[Als]] at the rim of the [[Baltic Sea]] South are administratively and historically tied to Jutland, although especially the latter two are also regarded traditional districts of their own. Inhabitants of Als would agree to be South Jutlanders, but not necessarily Jutlanders.
The [[Danish Wadden Sea Islands]] and the German [[North Frisian Islands]] stretch along the southwest coast of Jutland in the [[German Bight]].
=== Southern border ===
The southern third of the Cimbrian Peninsula is made up of the [[Germany|German]] [[States of Germany|Bundesland]] of [[Schleswig-Holstein]], comprising the former duchies of [[Schleswig]] (also: [[South Jutland]]) and [[Holstein]], both of which have passed back and forth between the [[Danes]] and various German rulers. The last adjustment of the border followed the [[Schleswig Plebiscites]] in 1920 and resulted in Denmark's regaining [[Northern Schleswig]] ([[Danish language|Danish]]: ''Nordslesvig'' or more commonly today: ''Sønderjylland'').
The historical southern border of Jutland is the [[Eider River|river Eider]], which is also the border between the former duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, as well as the historical border between the Danish and German realms from c. 800 to 1864. Although the German part of Schleswig is historically Jutland, most residents would disagree or regard the question as irrelevant. The medieval [[Code of Jutland]] applied for Schleswig until 1900 when it was replaced by the [[Prussia]]n [[Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch|Civil Code]]. Some rarely used clauses of the Jutlandic Code still apply north of the Eider today, but not south of the Eider.
== Dialect ==
:''See also: [[Danish language#Dialects|Danish language: Dialects]]''
Typical of Jutland are the distinctive [[Jutlandic|Jutish (or Jutlandic)]] [[dialect]]s which differ substantially from Standard [[Danish language|Danish]], especially West Jutlandic and South Jutlandic. Dialect usage, although in decline, is better preserved in Jutland than in eastern Denmark and the dialect-speaking Jutlander remains a stereotype among many Copenhageners and eastern Danes.
== Cities ==
The largest cities in the Danish section of Jutland are:
#[[Aarhus]]
#[[Aalborg]]
#[[Esbjerg]]
#[[Randers]]
#[[Kolding]]
#[[Vejle]]
#[[Horsens]]
#[[Sønderborg]]
The largest cities in the German part of Jutland or the Jutland Peninsula are:
#[[Kiel]]
#[[Flensburg]]
#[[Neumünster]]
[[Image:Jylland overview map2.PNG|thumb|200px|'''Red:''' The Danish part of Jutland. '''Pink:''' The islands Læsø, Anholt, Samsø and Als, by administration and history parts of Jutland. '''Brown:''' [[Southern Schleswig]], historically a part of Jutland, although now in Germany. '''Yellow:''' Holstein, not part of Jutland, but situated on the Jutland Peninsula.]]
Administratively, Jutland consists of [[Region Nordjylland]], [[Region Midtjylland]], and the western half of [[Region Syddanmark]] which also covers [[Funen]].
== External links ==
* [http://www.visitwestdenmark.com Official Tourist Information site for West Denmark ]
==See also==
{{commonscat|Jutland}}
*[[Frisia]]
*[[Jutlandic]]
*[[Jutes]]
[[Category:Peninsulas of Denmark]]
[[Category:Peninsulas of Germany]]
[[Category:Peninsulas of Europe]]
[[Category:Divided regions]]
[[af:Jutland]]
[[ar:يوتلاند]]
[[bs:Jutland]]
[[bg:Ютланд]]
[[ca:Jutlàndia]]
[[cs:Jutsko]]
[[da:Jylland]]
[[de:Jütland]]
[[et:Jüütimaa]]
[[el:Γιουτλάνδη]]
[[es:Jutlandia]]
[[eo:Jutlando]]
[[eu:Jutlandia]]
[[fr:Jutland]]
[[gl:Xutlandia - Jylland - Jütland]]
[[ko:윌란 반도]]
[[hr:Jutland]]
[[id:Jutlandia]]
[[is:Jótland]]
[[it:Jutland]]
[[he:יוטלנד]]
[[sw:Jutland]]
[[la:Cimbria]]
[[lt:Jutlandijos pusiasalis]]
[[hu:Jylland]]
[[mn:Ютланд хойг]]
[[nl:Jutland]]
[[ja:ユトランド半島]]
[[no:Jylland]]
[[nn:Jylland]]
[[pl:Półwysep Jutlandzki]]
[[pt:Jutlândia]]
[[ro:Iutlanda]]
[[ru:Ютландия]]
[[simple:Jutland]]
[[sk:Jutský polostrov]]
[[sr:Јитланд]]
[[fi:Jyllanti]]
[[sv:Jylland]]
[[th:คาบสมุทรจัตแลนด์]]
[[vi:Jutland]]
[[tr:Jylland]]
[[uk:Ютландія]]
[[zh:日德兰半岛]]