K 16717 226027648 2008-07-16T14:34:15Z Peti610botH 7071878 robot Modifying: [[tr:K (harf)]] {{otherusesof}} {{wiktionarypar2|K|k}} {{Latin alphabet navbox|uc=K|lc=k}} '''K''' is the eleventh letter of the modern [[Latin alphabet]]. Its name in [[English language|English]] is spelled ''kay'' ({{pronEng|keɪ}}).<ref>"K" ''Oxford English Dictionary,'' 2nd edition (1989); ''Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged'' (1993); "kay," op. cit.</ref> ==History and usage== {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;text-align:center;" |- bgcolor="#EEEEEE" ! Egyptian hieroglyph D ! Proto-Semitic K ! Phoenician K ! Etruscan K ! Greek Kappa |----- |<hiero>d</hiero> |[[Image:Proto-semiticK-01.png]] |[[Image:PhoenicianK-01.png]] |[[Image:EtruscanK-01.png]] |[[Image:Kappa uc lc.svg|64px]] |} The letter K comes from the Greek Κ ([[kappa]]), which was taken from the Semitic [[kaph|kap]], the symbol for an open hand.<ref name="OED">"K". ''The Oxford English Dictionary'', 2nd ed., 1989, online [http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50124982?query_type=word&queryword=k&first=1&max_to_show=10&sort_type=alpha&result_place=1&search_id=h5Sx-nTaC9b-24269&hilite=50124982]</ref> This in turn was likely adapted by Semites who had lived in Egypt from the hieroglyph for "hand" representing D in the Egyptian word for hand, ''d-r-t''. The Semites evidently assigned it the sound value {{IPA|/k/}} instead, because their word for hand started with that sound.<ref>Cyrus H. Gordon: ''[http://www.jstor.org/pss/543451 The Accidental Invention of the Phonemic Alphabet]''</ref> The Semitic value of {{IPA|/k/}} was maintained in most classical as well as modern languages, although Latin abandoned the use of K almost completely, preferring [[C]]. When [[Roman language|Greek]] words were taken into Latin, the Kappa was converted to C, with a few exceptions such as the term ''kalendae'' ([[calends]]) and the [[praenomen]] ''[[Kaeso]]''.<ref name="OED" /> Some words from other alphabets were also transliterated into C. Therefore, the [[Romance languages]] have K only in words from still other language groups. The [[Celtic languages]] also chose C over K, and this influence carried over into [[Old English]]. Today, English is the only [[Germanic language]] to productively use hard C in addition to K (although [[Dutch language|Dutch]] uses it in learned words of Latin origin and follows the same "hard / soft" distinction in such words as does French and English -- but not in native words). Some English linguists prefer to reverse the Latin transliteration process for proper names in Greek, spelling ''[[Hecate]]'' as "Hekate", for example. And the writing down of languages that don't have their own alphabet with the Latin one has resulted in a standardization of the letter for this sound, as in ''Kwakiutl.'' In the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]], [k] is the symbol for the [[voiceless velar plosive]]. Several other alphabets also use characters with sharp angles to indicate the sound {{IPA|/k/}} or syllables that start with a {{IPA|/k/}}, for example: [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]] ك, [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]] כ (in some fonts), [[Hangul|Korean]] ㄱ. This kind of phonetic-visual association was studied by [[Wolfgang Köhler]]. However, there are also many examples of rounded letters for {{IPA|/k/}}, like ค in [[Thai alphabet|Thai]] and Ք in [[Armenian alphabet|Armenian]]. ==Codes for computing== {{Letter |NATO=Kilo |Morse=–·– |Character=K |Braille=⠅ }} In [[Unicode]] the [[majuscule|capital]] K is codepoint U+004B and the [[lower case]] k is U+006B. The [[ASCII]] code for capital K is 75 and for lowercase k is 107; or in [[Binary numeral system|binary]] 01001011 and 01101011, correspondingly. The [[EBCDIC]] code for capital K is 210, and for lowercase k, 146. The [[numeric character reference]]s in [[HTML]] and [[XML]] are "<tt>&amp;#75;</tt>" and "<tt>&amp;#107;</tt>" for upper and lower case respectively. == Notes == {{reflist}} == See also == {{Commons|K}} *[[Ƙ]] (hooked K) *[[К|К, к - Ka (Cyrillic)]] *[[Kappa|Κ, κ or ϰ - Kappa (Greek)]] {{Latin alphabet}} [[Category:Latin letters]] [[af:K]] [[als:K]] [[ar:K]] [[arc:K]] [[ast:K]] [[az:K]] [[bs:K]] [[br:K (lizherenn)]] [[ca:K]] [[cs:K]] [[co:K]] [[cy:K]] [[da:K]] [[de:K]] [[el:K]] [[es:K]] [[eo:K]] [[eu:K]] [[fa:K]] [[fr:K (lettre)]] [[fur:K]] [[gan:K]] [[gd:K]] [[gl:K]] [[ko:K]] [[hr:K]] [[ilo:K]] [[is:K]] [[it:K]] [[he:K]] [[ka:K]] [[kw:K]] [[sw:K]] [[ht:K]] [[ku:K (herf)]] [[la:K]] [[lv:K]] [[lt:K]] [[hu:K]] [[mzn:K]] [[ms:K]] [[nah:K]] [[nl:K (letter)]] [[ja:K]] [[no:K]] [[nrm:K]] [[uz:K (harf)]] [[pl:K]] [[pt:K]] [[ro:K]] [[qu:K]] [[ru:K (латиница)]] [[se:K]] [[simple:K]] [[sk:K]] [[sl:K]] [[sr:K (слово латинице)]] [[fi:K]] [[sv:K]] [[tl:K]] [[th:K]] [[vi:K]] [[tr:K (harf)]] [[uk:K (латиниця)]] [[vo:K]] [[yo:K]] [[zh-yue:K]] [[bat-smg:K]] [[zh:K]]