Kabar 348285 197607136 2008-03-12T00:25:41Z Nostradamus1 5506384 distinguish Kabard {{distinguish|Kabard}} The '''Kabars''' (Gr. Kabaroi) or '''Kavars''' were a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] tribal confederation who lived in the vicinity of [[Poltava]] in the [[9th century]]. They consisted of three [[Khazar]] tribes who rebelled against the Khazar [[Khagan]]ate some time in the [[ninth century]]; the rebellion was notable enough to be included in [[Constantine Porphyrogenitus]]'s work ''[[De Administrando Imperio]]''. The presence of a [[Turkic]] aristocracy among the [[Magyars]] would explain the [[Byzantine]] protocol by which, in the exchange of ambassadors under [[Constantine Porphyrogenitus]], [[Magyar]] rulers were always referred to as "Princes of the Turks". <ref>[[Rene Grousset]], The Empire of the Steppes</ref> Around 833 the Magyars and other proto-[[Hungarian people|Hungarian tribes]] were living in [[Levedia]], between the [[Don River (Russia)|Don]] and the [[Dnieper]], within the clientele of the great [[Turkic]] empire of the [[Khazars]]. Toward 850 or 860, driven from [[Levedia]] by the [[Pechenegs]], they entered Atelkuzu ([[Etelköz]]). The Magyars reached the [[Danube]] river basin around 880.<ref>It is not clear whether the name of Hungarians comes from the Turkic word ''On-Oghur'', or "ten tribes", referring to seven Magyar and three Kabar tribes. The name of the [[Onoghur|Onoghurs]] is also a possible source.</ref>. Shortly afterward, the [[Byzantine]] emperor [[Leo VI]], being then at war with [[First Bulgarian Empire|Simeon]], the [[Bulgarian]] czar, called the Hungarians to his aid. The Hungarians, led by [[Arpad]], crossed the Danube and put [[Bulgaria]] to fire and the sword. But the Bulgarians then appealed to the [[Pechenegs]], now masters of the steppe, who attacked the Hungarians in the rear and forced Árpád and his people to take refuge in the mountains of [[Transylvania]]. At that moment, [[Arnulf of Carinthia|Arnulf]], king of Germaina, at war with the [[Slav]] ruler Sviatopolk, king of Great Moravia, decided like the Byzantine to appeal to the Hungarians. Árpád came in haste and overcame Sviatopolk, who disappeared in the conflict (895). Great Moravia collapsed, and the Hungarians took up permanent abode in the country which was subseguently named after them (899). The Kabars joined the proto-[[Magyars|Magyar]] migration from the [[steppes]] of the [[Ukraine]] to the [[Pannonian plain|Danubian Steppes]] of modern [[Hungary]], assisting the Magyars in conquering [[Pannonia]]. Many Kabars settled in the [[Bihor County|Bihar]] region of the later [[Kingdom of Hungary]] and [[Transylvania]]. Some historian believe that the character recorded by [[Gesta Hungarorum]] as lord Marot and his grandson [[Menumorut]], [[dux]] of [[Bihor|Biharia]], were of Kabar descent{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. One of the names on the [[Kievian Letter]] is "Kiabar", which may suggest that Kabars settled in Kiev as well. At least some Kabars were [[Jew]]ish; others may have been Christians, Muslims or shamanists.<ref>Golden, Peter B. "The Conversion of the Khazars to Judaism." ''The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives.'' Brill, 2007. p. 150.</ref> The Kabars eventually assimilated into the general Magyar population, leaving scattered remains and some cultural and linguistic imprints. Some scholars{{Fact|date=February 2007}} believe that the [[Székely]] are their descendants. == See also == * [[Arpad Dynasty]] * [[Khazars]] * [[Magyars]] * [[Eurasian Avars|Avars]] * [[Bulgars]] * [[Pechenegs]] * [[Turkic peoples]] == Notes == <references/> {{Khazaria}} [[Category:History of Hungary]] [[Category:Groups connected to the Khazars]] [[Category:Turkic peoples]] [[bg:Кабари]] [[ro:Kavari]] [[ru:Кавары]]