Kalmar
1019431
216655312
2008-06-02T16:53:26Z
Briangotts
169027
[[Category:Viking Age settlements]]
{{otheruses4|the Swedish town|the Scandinavian political union of the Middle Ages|Kalmar Union}}
{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name = Kalmar
|image_skyline = Storgatan, Kalmar.jpg
|image_caption = Storgatan in Kalmar
|image_shield = Kalmar vapen.svg
|pushpin_map = Sweden
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[Sweden]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Municipalities of Sweden|Municipality]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Kalmar Municipality]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Sweden|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Kalmar County]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of Sweden|Province]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Småland]]
|established_title3 = [[City status in Sweden|Charter]]
|established_date3 = 1100
|area_footnotes = <ref name="scb">{{cite web |title=Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km<sup>2</sup> 2000 och 2005 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |url=http://www.scb.se/statistik/MI/MI0810/2005A01B/T%E4torternami0810tab1.xls |format=xls |language=Swedish |accessdate=2008-05-15}}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 18.85
|population_as_of = 2005-12-31
|population_footnotes = <ref name="scb"/>
|population_total = 35,170
|population_density_km2 = 1866
|timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset = +1
|timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +2
|latd=56 |latm=40 |lats= |latNS=N
|longd=16 |longm=22 |longs= |longEW=E
|website =
}}
[[Image:Kalmar in Sweden.png|thumb|right|200px|Location of Kalmar]]
'''Kalmar''' is a [[cities of Sweden|city]] in [[Småland]] in the south-east of [[Sweden]], situated by the [[Baltic Sea]]. It has 35,170 inhabitants (2005), and is the seat of [[Kalmar Municipality]] with a total of 61,321 inhabitants (2006). It is also the capital of [[Kalmar County]], which comprises 12 municipalities with a total of 233,776 inhabitants (2006).
From the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries, Kalmar was one of Sweden's most important cities. Between 1602 and 1913 it was the [[episcopal see]] of [[Kalmar Diocese]], with a bishop, and the Kalmar Cathedral from 1702 is still a fine example of [[Classicism|classicistic]] architecture. It became a fortified city, with the still mighty [[Kalmar Castle]] as the center. After the [[Treaty of Roskilde]] [[1658]] Kalmar's importance diminished, until the industry sector was initiated in the 19th century.
Geographically Kalmar is the main route to the island of [[Öland]] thanks to the [[Öland Bridge]].
==History==
[[Image:Kalmar stads sigill på 1200-talet (naturlig storlek, ur Nordisk familjebok).png|thumb|left|140px|Seal of Kalmar, 13th century]]
The area around Kalmar has been inhabited since ancient times. Diggings have found traces of [[stone age]] gravefields. The oldest sources of there being a town are however from the 11th century. According to a medieval [[folk tale]], the Norwegian patron [[Saint Olav]] had his ships moved to Kalmar. The oldest city seal of Kalmar is from somewhere between 1255-1267, making it the oldest known city seal in [[Scandinavia]].
In the 12th century the first foundations of a castle were established, with the construction of a round tower for guard and lookout. The tower was continuously expanded on in [[13th century]], and as such, Queen [[Margaret I of Denmark|Margaret]] called an assembly there between head of states of Sweden and Norway, and on [[July 13]], [[1397]], the [[Kalmar Union]] treaty was signed, which would last until 1523. Kalmar's strategic location, near the Danish border (at the time the [[Scanian lands]], i.e the provinces of [[Blekinge]], [[Halland]] and [[Scania]], were part of Denmark), and its harbour and merchancy, also involved it into several feuds. There are two events independently labelled [[Kalmar bloodbath]]: The first in 1505, when King [[John of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden]] let execute the mayor and city council of Kalmar; the second in 1599 by command of Duke Charles, later to became King [[Charles IX of Sweden]].
[[Image:Kalmar slott.jpg|left|thumb|[[Kalmar Castle]] today]]
In the 1540s, first King [[Gustav Vasa]], and later his sons [[Erik XIV of Sweden]] and [[John III of Sweden]] would organize a rebuilding of the castle into the magnificent [[Renaissance]] castle it is today.
Kalmar became a [[diocese]] in [[1602]], a position it held until 1903. In [[1634]], [[Kalmar County]] is founded, with Kalmar as the natural capital. In 1660, the Kalmar Cathedral was begun by drawings of [[Nicodemus Tessin the Elder]]. It would be inaugurated in [[1702]].
In 1611-1613, it suffered in the [[Kalmar War]], which began with a Danish siege of Kalmar Castle. 1611 is mentioned as the darkest year of Kalmar's history, but by no means the only dark year; much blood has been shed in the vicinity of the castle. The last was during the [[Scanian War]] in the 1670s, leading its sieges to a total of 22 -- yet, the castle was never taken.
After the [[Treaty of Roskilde]] in [[1658]], the strategical importance of Kalmar gradually diminished as the borders were drawn to a southern latitude. In 1689, the King established his main [[naval base]] south in [[Karlskrona]] and Kalmar lost its status as one of Sweden's main military outposts.
===Today===
In more recent times, Kalmar has been an industrial city with [[Kalmar Mekaniska Verkstad]] making steam engines and large machinery. It has a [[University of Kalmar|university]] with over 9,000 students and a research facility for [[Telia Sonera]].
<br clear="all">
==Gallery ==
<gallery>
Image:KalmarCastle.JPG|Scenic photograph of [[Kalmar Castle]] in the summer sun
Image:Kalmar Dahlberg.jpg|Engraving from [[Suecia antiqua et hodierna]], cirka 1700
Image:KalmarBridge.jpg|In 1972, the 6 km long [[Öland bridge]] was built from Kalmar to the town of [[Färjestaden]] on [[Öland]]
</gallery>
==Notable natives==
*[[Helena Josefsson]] - musician, lead singer in [[Sandy Mouche]]
*[[Ivar Kreuger]]
*[[Jenny Nyström]]
==Sister cities==
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]], [[Delaware]], [[United States]]
* {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Savonlinna]], [[Finland]]
* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Samsun]], [[Turkey]]
==See also==
*[[Kalmar Municipality]]
*[[Kalmar Airport]]
*[[Kalmar Mekaniska Verkstad]]
*[[Spawn of Possession]]
*[[University of Kalmar]]
*[[Kalmar Nyckel]], historical ship named after the city of Kalmar
*[[Kalmar FF]], premier division football club from the city
==References==
*{{sv icon}} [http://runeberg.org/nfbm/0358.html article ''Kalmar''], [[Nordisk familjebok]]
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons}}
*[http://www.kalmar.se/ Kalmar Municipality] - Official site
*[http://www.ikalmar.se/ iKalmar] - a social network for citizens of Kalmar
*[http://www.kalmar.se/templates/Page.aspx?id=3775 Kalmar Castle]
*[http://www.kalmarcity.se/ Kalmar City] - pictures from nightlife in Kalmar
*[http://www.hik.se/ University of Kalmar]
*[http://www.cityrapporten.se/ CityRapporten] - local publication about Kalmar
*[http://www.barometern.se/ Barometern Oskarshamns-Tidningen] - daily newspaper from Kalmar and [[Oskarshamn]]
{{Cities in Sweden}}
{{Localities in Kalmar Municipality}}
{{coor title dm|56|40|N|16|22|E|region:SE_type:city}}
[[Category:Småland]]
[[Category:Kalmar County]]
[[Category:Coastal cities and towns in Sweden]]
[[Category:Swedish municipal seats]]
[[Category:Viking Age settlements]]
[[cv:Кальмар (хула)]]
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[[ja:カルマル市]]
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[[pl:Kalmar (miasto)]]
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[[ru:Кальмар (Швеция)]]
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