Karlsruhe
105036
225004232
2008-07-11T12:21:00Z
MER-C
1749459
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/84.233.252.147|84.233.252.147]] ([[User talk:84.233.252.147|talk]]) to last version by Ikar.us
{{otheruses|Karlsruhe (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox German Location
|Art = Stadt
|image_photo = Karlsruhe town centre air.jpg
|image_caption = Aerial view of Karlsruhe. The city's radial plan is centred on the [[Karlsruhe Palace|palace]].
|Wappen = Coat of arms de-bw Karlsruhe.svg
|lat_deg = 49 | lat_min = 1 | lat_sec = 0
|lon_deg = 8 | lon_min = 24 | lon_sec = 0
|Karte = Karlsruhe-Position.png
|Bundesland = Baden-Württemberg
|Regierungsbezirk = Karlsruhe
|Landkreis = Urban districts of Germany{{!}}Urban district
|Höhe = 115
|Fläche = 173.46
|Einwohner = 285812
|Stand = 2006-09-30
|pop_ref = <ref>[http://www.statistik.baden-wuerttemberg.de/ Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg]</ref>
|PLZ = 76131–76229 <!-- keine Postfächer/Großempfänger -->
|PLZ-alt = 7500
|Vorwahl = 0721
|Kfz = KA
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 12 000
|NUTS = DE122
|LOCODE = DE KAE
|Gliederung = 27 [[Quarter (country subdivision)|quarters]]
|Website = [http://www.karlsruhe.de www.karlsruhe.de]
|Bürgermeister = Heinz Fenrich
|Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister
|Partei = CDU
|year = 1715
}}
'''Karlsruhe''' ({{IPA2|ˈkaːlsʁuːə}}; population 285,812 in 2006) is a city in the south west of [[Germany]], in the [[States of Germany|Bundesland]] [[Baden-Württemberg]], located near the [[France|French]]-German border.
Founded in 1715 as [[Karlsruhe Palace]], the surrounding town became the seat of two of the highest courts in Germany, the [[Federal Constitutional Court of Germany]] whose decisions have the force of a law, and the [[Federal Court of Justice of Germany]], the highest court of [[appeal]]s in matters of [[civil law]] and [[criminal law]]. It therefore considers itself the home of justice in Germany, a role taken over from [[Leipzig]] after 1933.
==History==
[[Image:Karlsruhe Germany CastleByNight.jpg|thumb|[[Karlsruhe Palace]] at night]]
The city takes its name from Margrave [[Karl Wilhelm of Baden-Durlach]], who founded the city on June 17, 1715 after a dispute with the citizens of his previous capital, [[Durlach]]. The founding of the city is closely linked to the construction of the [[Karlsruhe Palace|palace]]. Karlsruhe became the capital of [[Baden-Durlach]] until 1771, thereafter the capital of [[Baden]] until 1945. Built in 1822, the "Ständehaus" was the first parliament building in a German State. In the aftermath of the democratic revolution, a republican government was elected here.
The city was planned with the tower of the palace (''Schloss'') at the center and 32 streets radiating out from it like [[spokes]] on a [[wheel]], or ribs on a [[fan (implement)|folding fan]], so that a [[nickname]] for Karlsruhe in German is the "fan city" (''Fächerstadt''). Almost all of these streets survive today.
The city center was the oldest part of town and lies south of the palace in the quadrant defined by nine of the streets. The central part of the palace runs east-west, and there are two wings of the palace, each at a 45° angle to the center, so that they are pointing southeast and southwest (i.e. parallel with streets at the ends of the quadrant defining the city center).
The [[market place]] is on the street running south from the palace to [[Ettlingen]]. The market place has the [[town hall]] (''das Rathaus'') to the west, the main [[protestant]] [[church]] (''Evangelische Stadtkirche'') to the east, and the [[tomb]] of Margrave Karl Wilhelm in a [[pyramid]] in the center. The architect [[Friedrich Weinbrenner]] designed many of the most important buildings. That is why Karlsruhe is one of only three large German cities we can still find building ensembles in [[Neoclassicism]] style. Much of the downtown area, including the Schloss, was reduced to rubble by Allied bombing during World War II but was quickly rebuilt after the war.
Karlsruhe is also regarded as "The City Of Greenery". The area north of the palace was and still is a [[park]] and [[forest]]. East of the palace there originally were [[gardens]] and more forest, some of which remain, but the [[University of Karlsruhe|University]], [[Wildparkstadion]], and residential areas have since been built there. West of the palace is now mostly residential.
[[Image:Karlsruhe_180_panorama.JPG|thumb|center|700 px|Panorama of Karlsruhe from the tower of the palace, looking south. The University is at left, the Marketplace at center, Federal Constitutional Court at right. Note wings of palace aligning with streets, all radiating out from center of town (i.e. the palace tower).]]
==Geography==
[[Image:49th Parallel Karlsruhe.JPG|thumb|left|The [[49th parallel north]] in the Karlsruhe Stadtgarten]]
The city's altitude is between 100 m (on the western shore of the river [[Rhine]]) and 322 m (near to the TV Tower). Its geographical coordinates are {{coor dm|49|00|N|8|24|E|type:city(282595)_region:DE-BW}}; the 49th [[Circle of latitude|parallel]] runs through the city center. Its course is marked by a stone and painted line in the ''Stadtgarten'' (''city park'').
[[Image:MiRO8.jpg|thumb|MiRO oil refinery]]
==Economy==
Germany's largest [[oil refinery]] is located in Karlsruhe, at the western edge of the city, directly on the river [[Rhine]].
The ''Technologieregion Karlsruhe'' is a loose confederation of the region's cities in order to promote high tech industries; today, about 20% of the region's jobs are in Research and Development which gives a good basis for high tech.
=== Internet activities ===
Due to the [[University of Karlsruhe]] providing services until the late 1990, Karlsruhe became known as the ''internet capital'' of Germany. The [[DENIC]], Germany's [[Network Information Centre]], has since moved to Frankfurt, though, were [[DE-CIX]] is located.
Two major [[internet service provider]]s, [[WEB.DE]] and [[schlund+partner]]/[[1&1]], now both owned by [[United Internet]] AG, are located at Karlsruhe.
The [[City Wiki]] of Karlsruhe (''[[Karlsruhe:Stadtwiki:TourBusStop|Stadtwiki Karlsruhe]]'') is the biggest City Wiki in the world.
The library of the [[University of Karlsruhe]] developed the [[Karlsruher Virtueller Katalog]], the first internet site that allowed researchers worldwide (for free) to search multiple library catalogues worldwide.
[[Image:Karlsruhe Rbf Einfahrgruppe.jpg|thumb|[[Rail yard]], [[bypass (road)|bypass road]] Südtangente]]
==Transport==
Karlsruhe's rail system, the [[Stadtbahn Karlsruhe]], is well known in transport circles around the world for pioneering the concept of operating [[tram]]s on [[train]] tracks ([[tram-train]]s), to achieve a more effective and attractive [[public transport]] system. This concept makes it possible to reach other towns in the region, like [[Ettlingen]], [[Wörth am Rhein]], [[Pforzheim]], [[Bad Wildbad]], [[Bretten]], [[Bruchsal]], [[Heilbronn]], [[Baden-Baden]] and even [[Freudenstadt]] in the [[Black Forest]] right from the city centre.
Karlsruhe is also the home of the [[Karlsruhe model]] tram-train system.
Karlsruhe is well-connected via road and rail, with [[Autobahn]] and [[InterCityExpress]] connections going to [[Frankfurt]], [[Stuttgart]]/[[Munich]] and [[Freiburg]]/[[Basel]]. Since June 2007 it has been connected to the [[TGV]] network, reducing travel time to [[Paris]] to only three hours (compared to 5 hours previously).
[[Image:Karlsruhe OElhafen.jpg|thumb|Oil port]]
Two [[port]]s on the [[Rhine]] provide transport capacity on [[cargo ship]]s, especially for [[petroleum products]].
The nearest airport is part of the [[Baden Airpark]] (officially ''Flughafen Karlsruhe/[[Baden-Baden]]'') about 45 km (28 miles) southwest of Karlsruhe, with regular connections to airports in Germany and Europe in general. [[Frankfurt International Airport]] can be reached in about an hour and a half by car (one hour by [[InterCityExpress]]); [[Stuttgart Airport]] can be reached in about one hour (about an hour and a half by train and S-Bahn).
==Jewish Community==
[[Image:Juedischer_Friedhof_Groetzingen.jpg|thumb|Jewish cemetery of Grötzingen]]
Jews settled in Karlsruhe since its foundation. They were attracted by the numerous privileges granted by its founder to settlers, without discrimination as to creed. Official documents attest the presence of several Jewish families at Karlsruhe in 1717. A year later the city council addressed to the margrave a report in which a question was raised as to the proportion of municipal charges to be borne by the newly arrived Jews, who in that year formed an organized congregation, with Rabbi Nathan Uri Kohen of Metz at its head. A document dated 1726 gives the names of twenty-four Jews who had taken part in an election of municipal officers. As the city grew permission to settle there became less easily obtained by Jews, and the community developed more slowly. A 1752 Jewry ordinance stated Jews were forbidden to leave the city on Sundays and Christian holidays, or to go out of their houses during church services, but they were exempted from service by court summonses on Sabbaths. They could sell wine only in inns owned by Jews and graze their cattle, not on the commons, but on the wayside only. Karlsruhe was the seat of the central council of Baden Jewry. The first chief rabbi of the country Rabbi Asher Lowe was from (Durlach) Karlsruhe.
[[Image:Karlsruhe Synagoge Weinbrenner.jpg|thumb|First synagogue, built by [[Friedrich Weinbrenner]] in 1806, existed until 1871]]
A memorable date in the annals of the Jews of Baden, especially memorable to the Jews of Karlsruhe, was the year 1783, when, by a decree issued by Margrave Carl Friedrich (1746-1811), the Jews ceased to be serfs, and consequently could settle wherever they pleased. The same decree freed them from the "Todfall" tax, paid to the clergy for each Jewish burial. In commemoration of these happy changes special prayers were prepared by the acting rabbi Jedidiah Tiah Weill, who, succeeding his father in 1770, held the office until 1805. In 1808 the government issued regulations concerning the administration of the spiritual affairs of the Jewish community, by which the chief rabbi of Karlsruhe became the spiritual head of the Jews of the country. Complete emancipation was given in 1862, Jews were elected to city council and Baden parliament, and from 1890 were appointed judges. Jews were persecuted in riots occurring in 1819 and anti-Jewish demonstrations were held in 1843, 1848, and the 1880s. The well-known German-Israeli artist [[Leo Kahn]] studied in Karlsruhe before leaving for France and Israel in the 1920s and '30s.
[[image:Chanukka_Karlsruhe_3.jpg|thumb|Public [[hanukkah]] on the ''Schlossplatz'']]
Today, there are about 900 members in the Jewish community, many of whom are recent immigrants from Russia, and a [[Chabad]] rabbi.<ref>[http://www.chabad.org/centers/default.asp?AID=118668 Chabad Karlsruhe]</ref>
{{JewishEncyclopedia}}
===Karlsruhe and the Holocaust===
[[Image:Karlsruhe_Synagoge_Luftbild.jpg|thumb|The new synagogue]]
In 1933, 3,358 Jewish Germans lived in Karlsruhe. The community owned buildings and property, such as several [[synagogue]]s, two elderly citizens' homes, a Jewish school, a hospital, welfare institutions and several Jewish cemeteries. During the first years of the Nazi regime, the community continued to function, particularly to prepare Jews for emigration. On [[October 22]], [[1938]], all male Polish Jews living in Karlsruhe were deported to Poland. Synagogues were destroyed on [[Kristallnacht]], November 1938. Most of the men were arrested and sent to [[Dachau concentration camp]], but were released after they had furnished proof that they intended to emigrate. In October 1940, 895 Jews were expelled during [[Operation Wagner-Bürckel]] and interned by the French [[Vichy France|Vichy]] authorities in [[Camp Gurs|Gurs]] in southern France. Most of these were then deported from there to [[Auschwitz]] (via the [[Drancy internement camp]], on the outskirts of [[Paris]]) between August and November 1942. Most of the 429 remaining Jews and other so-called "non-[[Aryan race|Aryans]]" were deported to the east between 1941 and 1944. In 1945 there were only 18 Jews in Karlsruhe. More than 1,000 of them had been killed between 1933-45 <ref>[http://www.karlsruhe.de/kultur/stadtgeschichte/gedenkbuch.de Karlsruhe condolence book]</ref>. The Baden Central Jewish Council was reorganized in 1948. A new synagogue was built in 1969.
==Historical population==
{|class="wikitable"
!Year
!Inhabitants
|-
| [[1790]] || 4,500
|-
| [[1820]]|| 16,200
|-
| [[1850]]|| 25,400
|-
| [[1880]]|| 49,300
|-
| [[1900]] || 97,400
|-
| [[1925]]|| 145,700
|-
| [[2003]]|| 282,595
|-
| [[2007]]|| 282,700 (approx.)
|}
<small>''(source unknown, figures unconfirmed)''</small>
[[Image:Karlsruhe Leibgrenadierdenkmal.jpg|thumb|Memorial for Baden troops in several wars, 1803-1918]]
==Military==
Karlsruhe has always hosted [[armed forces]].
[[Image:Karlsruhe Knights.jpg|thumb|Former American school.]]
After [[World War II]] until 1995, Karlsruhe was a [[United States Army]] [[Military base|base]]. It also had a French garrison (135ème Régiment du Train until 1991).
In 2007, nearly all [[Bundeswehr]] units were withdrawn. Administrative facilities and two [[depot]]s are remaining.
==Famous people==
Karlsruhe is the birthplace of [[Friedrich Weinbrenner]], a German architect of Neoclassicism, who was born in 1766. Here he died in 1826. His tomb is situated in the main Protestant church.
It is also the birthplace of [[Karl Benz]] (1844–1929), inventor of the [[automobile]] and founder of Benz & Co., now part of [[Daimler AG]] (formerly [[Daimler-Benz]]), as well as [[Karl Drais]] who invented the precursor of the [[bicycle]] and other transportation devices.
In the late 1880s, professor [[Heinrich Rudolf Hertz]] discovered electromagnetic waves at the [[University of Karlsruhe]]; today, a lecture room named after Hertz lies close by the very spot where the discovery was made.
In 1886, [[Joseph Viktor von Scheffel]], a German poet and novelist, was born in Karlsruhe. [[Johann Peter Hebel]] lived here most of his life.
[[Reinhold Frank]], a German lawyer who worked for the [[German Resistance|resistance]] in Nazi Germany, ran a law practice in Karlsruhe. In his honour the street in Karlsruhe where the lawyers´chambers was founded bears his name.
Obergruppenführer SS [[Hans Frank]] (1900-1946), [[Gauleiter]] and governor general of Nazi occupied Poland
[[Sebastian Koch]] was born May 31, 1962 in Karlsruhe. He is a German actor.
[[Oliver Bierhoff]], former German football striker for the National German Football Team and Italian Serie A club Udinese and A.C Milan, was born in Karlsruhe.
[[Muhammed Suiçmez]] guitarist and composer for [[Germany|German]] [[technical death metal]] band [[Necrophagist]] was born in Karlsruhe, Germany on November 23, 1975. Although being from [[Turkey|Turkish]] decent, Muhammed Suiçmez was born and raised in [[Germany]]
[[Oliver Kahn]], [[goalkeeper]] of [[Bayern Munich]] and former goalkeeper of the [[German national football team]] was also born in this city, in 1969.
[[Regina Halmich]], the current female boxing flyweight world champion, is a native of Karlsruhe, too.
[[Female Bodybuilding]] legend [[Christa Bauch]] hails from Karlsruhe as well.
Further famous people from Karlsruhe include the philosopher and current president of the State Academy of Design [[Peter Sloterdijk]] and the composer [[Wolfgang Rihm]].
[[Johann Gottfried Tulla]], born on March 20, 1770 in Karlsruhe and died on March 27, 1828 in Paris. Tulla studied engineering at the Mining Academy in [[Freiberg]] (Saxony) during the 1790s. From 1817 on, Tulla was instrumental in stabilizing and straightening the course of the southern [[Rhine River]], a project that continued until 1879. Tulla was also a co-founder of the Technical University in Karlsruhe (1825).
==Institutions==
[[Image:Karlsruhe bundesverfassungsgericht.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Bundesverfassungsgericht, [[Federal Constitutional Court of Germany]]]]
Karlsruhe is the seat of the German [[Federal Constitutional Court of Germany|Federal Constitutional Court]] ''(Bundesverfassungsgericht)'' and the highest [[Court of Appeals]] in civil and criminal cases, the ''[[Bundesgerichtshof]]''. The court came to Karlsruhe when the provinces of [[Baden Germany|Baden]] and [[Württemberg]] were merged. [[Stuttgart]], capital of Württemberg, became the capital of the new province, and Karlsruhe was given the high court in a compromise.
Karlsruhe is a renowned research and study centre, with one of Germany's finest and worldwide renowned institutions of higher education, namely, the [[University of Karlsruhe]] (Universität Karlsruhe-TH) - the oldest technical university in Germany. Karlsruhe is also the home of the [[Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe]] (Research Center Karlsruhe), at which engineering and scientific research is performed in the areas of health, earth and environmental sciences, and [[Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences]] (Hochschule Karlsruhe-HS), the largest university of technology in the State of Baden-Württemberg, offering both professional and academic education in engineering sciences and business. The ''Hochschule für Musik Karlsruhe'' is a music conservatory which offers degrees in composition, music performance, education and radio journalism. Since 1989 it is located in the Gottesaue Palace (see picture).
In 1999 the [[Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie|ZKM]] (''Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie'', Centre for Art and Media) was opened. Within a short time it built up a worldwide reputation as a cultural institution. Linking new media theory and practice, the ZKM is located in a former weapons factory. Among the institutes related to the ZKM are the ''[[Staatliche Hochschule für Gestaltung]]'' (State University of Design), whose president is philosopher [[Peter Sloterdijk]] and the Museum for Contemporary Art.
There are four hospitals: The municipal ''Klinikum Karlsruhe'' provides the maximum level of medical services, the catholic ''St.Vinzenzius-Kliniken'' and the evangelic ''[[Deaconess|Diakonissen]]<nowiki />krankenhaus'' offer central services, and the private ''Paracelsus-Klinik'' basic medical care, according to state hospital demand planning.
[[Image:Karlsruhe Nancybrunnen.jpg|thumb|Nancy fountain]]
==Twinning==
The town is [[Twin towns|twinned]] with:
* {{flagicon|France}} '''[[Nancy]]''' [[France]]
* {{flagicon|UK}} '''[[Nottingham]]''' [[United Kingdom|UK]]
* {{flagicon|Russia}} '''[[Krasnodar]]''' [[Russia]]
* {{flagicon|Romania}} '''[[Timişoara]]''' [[Romania]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} '''[[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]]''' [[Germany]]
*{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} '''[[Varna]]''', [[Bulgaria]]
[[Image:Karlsruhe schloss gottesau.jpg|thumb|Gottesau Palace (now music college)]]
==Local attractions==
Good visibility assumed, the [[Durlach]]er [[Turmberg]] to the east can be seen miles before reaching the city. It sports a look-out tower (hence its name), a former keep dating back to the 13th century, with nearby restaurant and can be reached with the historical [[Turmbergbahn]] [[funicular|funicular railway]].
The ''Stadtgarten'' is a recreational area near the ''Hauptbahnhof'' (main railway station) and was rebuilt during the ''Bundesgartenschau'' (''Federal Garden Show'') in 1967. It is also the site of the Karlsruhe Zoo.
The ''Marktplatz'' with the stone pyramid marking the grave of the city's founding father. The pyramid, built in 1825, is the symbol of Karlsruhe.
The city is nicknamed ''Die Fächerstadt'' (''the fan city'') because of its deliberate layout, with straight streets running out fan-like from the palace.
The Karlsruhe ''Schloss'' (palace) is an interesting piece of architecture; the adjacent ''Schlossgarten'', including the ''Botanical Garden'' with its palm, cactus and orchid house, invites a walk in the woods stretching out to the north of it.
The so called ''Kleine Kirche'' (Little Church), built between 1773 and 1776, is the oldest church of Karlsruhe's city centre.
Another sight is the ''Rondellplatz'' with its ''Constitution Building Columns'' (1826). It is dedicated to Baden's first constitution in 1818, which was one of the most liberal of this time. The ''Münze'' (mint), erected in 1826/27, was built by Weinbrenner too.
[[Image:Karlsruhe StStephan.jpg|thumb|St. Stephan]]
The ''St. Stephan parish church'' is one of the masterpieces of neoclassical church architecture in Southern Germany. Weinbrenner, who built this church between 1808 and 1814, orientated to the [[Pantheon, Rome]].
[[Image:Karlsruhe Grabkapelle.jpg|thumb|Burial chapel]]
The neo-gothic ''Grand Ducal burial chapel'', built between 1889 and 1896, rather a [[mausoleum]] than a church, is located in the middle of the forest.
The ''main cemetery'' of Karlsruhe is the oldest park-like cemetery in Germany. The [[cremation|crematory]] was the first to be built in a church-like style.
Karlsruhe has a lively arts scene that includes the ''Museum of Natural History'', an opera house (the ''Baden State Theatre''), as well as a number of independent theatres and art galleries. ''The State Art Gallery'', built in 1846 by Heinrich Hübsch, displays paintings and sculptures from six centuries, particularly from France, Germany and Holland. Karlsruhe's newly renovated art museum is one of the most important art museums in [[Baden-Württemberg]]. Further cultural attractions are scattered throughout Karlsruhe's various incorporated suburbs. The ''Scheffel Association'' or ''Literary Society'' for example is a literary organisation and was established in 1924. It is the largest literary organisation in Germany. Today the ''Prinz-Max-Palais'', built between 1881 and 1884 in historism style, houses the organisation including the museum.
[[Image:Karlsruhe Moninger Jugendstil.jpg|thumb|Breweries and art nouveau were predominant in the western city]]
Due to the growth in inhabitants, Karlsruhe has developped several [[Vorstadt]] areas in [[Gründerzeit]] and especially [[Art nouveau]] architecture, plenty of them preserved.
In Karlsruhe there is the only art-ceramics manufacture in Germany, called ''Majolika-Manufaktur''. Founded in 1901, it is located in the "Schlossgarten". A blue streak (''Blauer Strahl'') consisting of 1645 ceramic tiles connects the manufacture with the palace. It is the world's largest ceramic artwork.
Another popular attraction is the ZKM (Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie) - Centre for Art and Media.
Its collections are quite exceptional, since they combine art and modern technologies.
The Centre is located in a converted ammunition manufactory.
==Events==
Every year in July there is a huge free open air festival lasting three days called ''Das Fest'' ("The Festival") (http://www.dasfest-karlsruhe.de/ (in German)).
The Baden State Theatre has promoted the ''Händel festival'' since 1978.
Apart from holding local juggling and acrobatics festivals every year Karlsruhe has been the hosting city of the 23rd [[European Juggling Convention]] (EJC) in 2000. Because of the good organization and the huge success the jugglers of Europe voted to return to Karlsruhe for the 31st European juggling convention in 2008 which will take place from [[August 2]] until [[August 10]].
African culture comes to Karlsruhe every year in July when the African Summer Festival takes off in the city's Nordstadt. Markets, drumming workshops, exhibitions, a varied children's programme and musical performances take place during the three days, the aim being enjoyment for the whole family. [http://www.africansummerfestival.de]
In the past Karlsruhe has been the host of [[LinuxTag]] (the biggest Linux event in Europe) and til 2006 of the yearly Linux Audio Conference [http://lac.zkm.de/].
It attracted an immense crowd of visitors from all directions eager to watch the total [[solar eclipse]] at noon on [[August 11]], [[1999]] (this place being located within the eclipse path and one of the few within Germany not plagued by bad weather).
The city is also one of the first in the world to have organized an annual [[clothing-optional bike rides|clothing-optional bike ride]], locally known as [[Nackt Radtour]].
== Sport ==
'''Football (Soccer)'''
[[Karlsruher SC]] (KSC), [[Fußball-Bundesliga|Bundesliga]] (first division)
'''Basketball'''
[[BG Karlsruhe]], [[Basketball-Pro-Liga A]] (second division)
'''Tennis'''
[[TC Rueppurr]] (TCR), [Tennis-Bundesliga] (women's first division)
'''Baseball''' and '''Softball'''
[[Karlsruhe Cougars]], Regional League South-East (men's baseball), 1st Bundesliga South (women's softball I) and State League South (women's softball II)
'''American Football'''
[[Badener Greifs]], currently competing in the Regional League Central but formerly a member of the [[GFL]]'s 1st Bundesliga, lost to the [[Berlin Adler]] in the 1987 [[German Bowl]] (see also: [[German Football League]])
== References ==
<references/>
== External links ==
{{Commons|Karlsruhe}}
* [http://geodaten.karlsruhe.de/stadtplan/ Map of Karlsruhe]
* [http://kazilla.de/english List of English websites]
* [http://www.karlsruhe.de/ Official website] (in German)
* [http://www.karlsruhe.de/Stadtraum/Faecher/daten.en.htm History]
* [[Karlsruhe:Stadtwiki:TourBusStop|city-wiki of Karlsruhe]]
* [http://www.hfm-karlsruhe.de/ Music conservatory Karlsruhe]
* [http://www.uni-karlsruhe.de/Uni/index_en.html University of Karlsruhe]
* [http://www.hs-karlsruhe.de/servlet/PB/menu/1019023_l1/index.html Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences]
* [http://www.fzk.de/fzk/idcplg?IdcService=FZK&node=Home&lang=en Research Center Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe]
* [http://www.fzi.de/eng/index.php FZI - Research Center for Information Technologies]
* [http://www.inka-magazin.de INKA - Events in Karlsruhe] (in German)
* [http://www.ka-news.de/webcams/marktplatz.php4 Town square webcam]
* [http://eiboeck.de/goodies/turmbergcam/ Turmberg webcam]
* [http://sites-of-memory.de/main/location.html#karlsruhe War memorials in Karlsruhe at the ''Sites of Memory'' webpage]
* [http://www.trampicturebook.de/tram/germany/karlsruh/turmberg.htm Turmbergbahn] (in German)
* [http://www.lukoschus.de/ben/reisen/karlsruhe/1999/ Private diary detailing the solar eclipse (1999)] (in German)
* [http://on1.zkm.de/zkm/e/ ZKM - Centre for Art and Media]
{{Germany_districts_baden-württemberg}}
[[Category:Karlsruhe| ]]
[[Category:Karlsruhe region]]
[[Category:Settlements established in 1715]]
[[Category:Cities in Baden-Württemberg]]
[[Category:Cities on the Rhine]]
[[Category:Planned cities]]
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[[uk:Карлсруе]]
[[vo:Karlsruhe]]
[[zh:卡尔斯鲁厄]]