Kauai
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2008-07-12T01:13:40Z
Doprendek
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{{Infobox Hawaiian island
| name = Kaua{{okina}}i
| nickname = The Garden Isle
| image name = Kauai from space oriented.jpg
| image caption = August 1995 satellite photo
| locator map = Map of Hawaii highlighting Kauai.svg
| locator caption = Location in the [[Hawaii|state of Hawaii]]
| location = {{coor dm|22|05|N|159|30|W|type:isle}}
| area = 552.3 sq mi (1430.4 km²)
| highest mount = Kawaikini
| elevation = 5,243 ft (1,598 m)
| population = 58,303
| population as of = 2000
| density = 106/sq mi (41/km²)
| flower = Mokihana
| color = Poni (Purple)
| rank = 4th largest [[Hawaiian Islands|Hawaiian Island]]
}}
'''Kaua{{okina}}i''' (in standard [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] {{pronounced|kauˈaʔi}}; in Kaua{{okina}}i-[[Ni'ihau|Ni{{okina}}ihau]] dialect, {{IPA|[tauˈaʔi]}}; usually spelled '''Kauai''' outside the Hawaiian Islands and {{pronEng|ˈkaʊɑɪ}} or {{IPA|/kaʊˈɑɪ/}}<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kauai?r=75 kauai - Definitions from Dictionary.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>) is the oldest of the main [[Hawaiian Islands]]. With an area of {{convert|552.3|sqmi|km2|1|lk=on}}, it is the fourth largest of the main islands in the Hawaiian archipelago and the [[List of islands of the United States by area|21st largest island in the United States]].<ref name="SizeRef">{{cite web | url=http://www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/economic/databook/db2004/section05.pdf | title=Table 5.08 - Land Area of Islands: 2000 |work=[http://www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/economic/databook/db2004/ 2004 State of Hawaii Data Book] |publisher=State of Hawaii | year=2004 | accessdate=2007-07-23}}</ref> Known also as the "Garden Isle", Kaua{{okina}}i lies 105 miles (170 kilometers) across the [[Hawaiian islands channels|Kaua{{okina}}i Channel]], northwest of [[Oahu|O{{okina}}ahu]]. Of [[volcano|volcanic]] origin, the highest peak on this mountainous island is Kawaikini at {{convert|5243|ft|m|0}}.<ref name="ElevationRef">{{cite web | url=http://www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/economic/databook/db2004/section05.pdf | title=Table 5.11 - Elevations of Major Summits |work=[http://www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/economic/databook/db2004/ 2004 State of Hawaii Data Book] |publisher=State of Hawaii | year=2004 | accessdate=2007-07-23}}</ref> The second highest peak is [[Mount Waialeale|Mount Wai{{okina}}ale{{okina}}ale]] near the center of the island, {{convert|5148|ft|m|0|}} above sea level. One of the wettest spots on [[Earth]], with an annual average rainfall of 460 inches (11,700 mm), is located on the east side of Mount Wai{{okina}}ale{{okina}}ale. The high annual rainfall has eroded deep valleys in the central mountains, carving out canyons with many scenic waterfalls.
There is no known meaning behind the name of Kaua{{okina}}i. Native Hawaiian tradition indicates the name's origin in the legend of [[Hawaiiloa|Hawai{{okina}}iloa]] — the [[Polynesia]]n navigator attributed with discovery of the Hawaiian Islands. The story relates how he named the island of Kaua{{okina}}i after a favorite son; therefore a possible translation of Kaua{{okina}}i is "place around the neck", meaning how a father would carry a favorite child.
The [[United States Census Bureau]] defines Kaua{{okina}}i as [[census tract|Census Tracts]] 401 through 409 of [[Kauai County, Hawaii|Kaua{{okina}}i County, Hawai{{okina}}i]], which is all of the county except for the islands of [[Kaʻula]], [[Lehua]], and [[Niihau|Ni{{okina}}ihau]]. The [[United States Census, 2000|2000 census]] population of Kaua{{okina}}i (the island) was 58,303. <ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-context=dt&-PANEL_ID=p_dt_geo_map&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-CONTEXT=dt&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_P001&-tree_id=4001&-errMsg=&-transpose=N&-redoLog=true&-all_geo_types=N&-geo_id=14000US15007040100&-geo_id=14000US15007040201&-geo_id=14000US15007040202&-geo_id=14000US15007040300&-geo_id=14000US15007040400&-geo_id=14000US15007040500&-geo_id=14000US15007040600&-geo_id=14000US15007040700&-geo_id=14000US15007040800&-geo_id=14000US15007040900&-search_results=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en&-search_map_config=|b=50|l=en|t=4001|zf=0.0|ms=sel_00dec|dw=0.32574415146711605|dh=0.22784596312794334|dt=gov.census.aff.domain.map.EnglishMapExtent|if=gif|cx=-160.54887078557877|cy=21.657999272138042|zl=5|pz=5|bo=318:317:316:314:313:323:319|bl=362:393:358:357:356:355:354|ft=350:349:335:389:388:332:331|fl=381:403:204:380:369:379:368|g=01000US&-show_geoid=Y Census Tracts 401 through 409, Kaua{{okina}}i County] United States Census Bureau</ref>
==History==
During the reign of [[King Kamehameha]], the islands of Kaua{{okina}}i and Ni{{okina}}ihau were the last Hawaiian Islands to join his [[Kingdom of Hawaii|Kingdom of Hawai{{okina}}i]]. Their ruler, [[Kaumualii|Kaumuali{{okina}}i]], resisted Kamehameha for years. King Kamehameha twice prepared a huge armada of ships and canoes to take the islands by force and twice failed; once due to a storm, and once due to an epidemic. In the face of the threat of a further invasion, however, Kaumuali{{okina}}i decided to join the kingdom without bloodshed, and became Kamehameha's vassal in [[1810]], ceding the island to the Kingdom of Hawai{{okina}}i upon his death.
==Island facts==
The city of [[Lihue, Hawaii|Līhu{{okina}}e]], on the island's southeast coast, is the seat of [[Kauai County, Hawaii|Kaua{{okina}}i County]] and the second largest city on the island. Kapa{{okina}}a, on the "Coconut Coast" (site of an old coconut plantation) about {{convert|6|mi|km}} north of Līhu{{okina}}e, has a population of nearly 10,000, or about 50% greater than Līhu{{okina}}e. [[Waimea, Kauai County, Hawaii|Waimea]], once the capital of Kaua{{okina}}i on the island's southwest side, was the first place in Hawai{{okina}}i visited by British explorer Captain [[James Cook]] in [[1778]]. Waimea town is located at the mouth of the [[Waimea River (Hawaii)|Waimea River]], whose flow formed one of the most scenic canyons in the world. At {{convert|3000|ft|m|0|}} deep, [[Waimea Canyon]] has been called "The Grand Canyon of the Pacific".
[[Image:Feral rooster on Kauai.jpg|thumb|left|250px|One of Kauai's feral chickens]]
1992's [[Hurricane Iniki]] may have caused an indirect change in Kaua{{okina}}i's ecosystem. Some say a [[chicken]] farm was destroyed, causing all of the chickens to roam free that one may see today. Others say that sugarcane plantation laborers in the late 1800s and early 1900s brought and raised chickens (for eating and [[cockfighting]]) and many got loose over the years and multiplied. Whatever their original source, Kauai is now home to thousands of wild [[rooster]]s and hens, roaming the island with few natural predators. Wild roosters have been known to disturb evening quiet time at odd hours with their crowing. Currently, the Humane Society is investigating the death of large numbers of Kauai chickens. The deaths are most likely due to bacterial infections caused by over-population. <ref>[http://www.kauaiworld.com/articles/2007/07/31/news/news01.txt Kauai Garden Island News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
The island of Kaua{{okina}}i has been featured in more than 70 Hollywood movies and television shows, including the musical ''[[South Pacific (1958 film)|South Pacific]]'' and Disney's [[2002]] [[animated feature film]] and [[television series]] ''[[Lilo & Stitch]]''. Scenes from ''South Pacific'' were filmed in the vicinity of Hanalei. Waimea Canyon was used in the filming of the [[1993]] [[film]] ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]''. Parts of the island were also used for the opening scenes of ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''. Other movies filmed here include ''[[Six Days Seven Nights]]'', the remake of ''[[King Kong (2005 film)|King Kong]]'' and John Ford's 1963 film ''[[Donovan's Reef]]''. [[Coco Palms Resort]] is a famous resort located on this island and many of Elvis' films including ''[[Blue Hawaii]]'' were filmed here. The resort was damaged in the Hurricane in 1992, but is set to reopen by 2010.
Kaua{{okina}}i is home to the U.S. Navy's "Barking Sands" [[Pacific Missile Range Facility]], on the sunny and dry western shore.
Kaua{{okina}}i was known for its distinct dialect of the [[Hawaiian language]] before it went extinct there. Whereas the standard language today is based on the dialect of [[Hawaii (island)|Hawai{{okina}}i island]], the Kaua{{okina}}i dialect was known for pronouncing /k/ as /t/. (In fact, Kaua{{okina}}i retained the old pan-Polynesian /t/, while Hawai{{okina}}i has innovated and changed it.) Therefore, the native name for Kaua{{okina}}i was '''Taua{{okina}}i''', and the major settlement of [[Kapaa, Hawaii|Kapa{{okina}}a]] would have been called Tapa{{okina}}a.
[[Image:Hanalei Valley from the Hanalei Lookout in Hanalei, Hawaii.jpg|thumb|center|600px|A view of the [[Hanalei, Hawaii|Hanalei]] Valley in Northern Kaua{{okina}}i. The [[Hanalei River]] runs through the valley and 60% of Hawaii's [[taro]] is grown in its fields.]]
[[Image:Real Kaui Panorama1.jpg|thumb|center|600px|A view of the Nā Pali coastline from the ocean. It is part of the [[Nā Pali Coast State Park]] which encompasses {{convert|6175|acre|km2|-1|lk=on}} of land and is located on the northwest side of Kaua{{okina}}i.]]
==Important towns and cities==
[[Image:Hanalei, Kauai HI.JPG|thumb|250px|Hanalei Town with a view of Mt. Na Molokama, and Māmalahoa.]]
Cities and towns on Kaua{{okina}}i range in population from the roughly 9,500 people in Kapa{{okina}}a to tiny hamlets. The list below lists the larger or more notable of those from the northernmost end of [[Hawaii Route 560]] to the western terminus of [[Hawaii Route 50]].
* [[Haena, Hawaii|Hā{{okina}}ena]]
* [[Wainiha, Hawaii|Wainiha]]
* [[Hanalei, Hawaii|Hanalei]]
* [[Princeville, Hawaii|Princeville]]
* [[Kilauea, Hawaii|Kilauea]]
* [[Anahola, Hawaii|Anahola]]
* [[Kapaa, Hawaii|Kapa{{okina}}a]]
* [[Wailua, Hawaii|Wailua]]
* [[Hanamaulu, Hawaii|Hanamā{{okina}}ulu]]
* [[Lihue, Hawaii|Līhu{{okina}}e]]
* [[Poipu, Hawaii|Po{{okina}}ipū]]
* [[Koloa, Hawaii|Kōloa]]
* [[Lawai, Hawaii|Lāwa{{okina}}i]]
* [[Kalaheo, Hawaii|Kalāheo]]
* [[Eleele, Hawaii|{{okina}}Ele{{okina}}ele]]
* [[Hanapepe, Hawaii|Hanapēpe]]
* [[Waimea, Kauai County, Hawaii|Waimea]]
* [[Kekaha, Hawaii|Kekaha]]
==Transportation==
[[Lihue Airport]] serves the island.
==Places of interest==
[[Image:spouting horn.mh.jpg|thumb|The Spouting Horn: located on the southern coast of Kaua'i]]
* [[Alakai Wilderness Area]]
* [[Allerton Garden]]
* [[Bell stone]]
* [[Fern Grotto]]
* [[Hanalei Bay]]
* [[Iraivan temple]]
* [[Kee Beach|Ke{{okina}}e Beach]]
* [[Koke'e State Park|Koke{{okina}}e State Park]]
* [[Limahuli Garden and Preserve]]
* [[McBryde Garden]]
* [[Makeleha Mountains]]
* [[Moir Gardens]]
* [[Moloaa Bay]]
* [[Na 'Aina Kai Botanical Gardens]]
* [[Nā Pali Coast State Park]]
* [['Opaeka'a Falls]]
* [[Sleeping Giant (Kauai)|Sleeping Giant (Nounou Mountain)]]
* [[Spouting Horn]]
* [[Wailua River]]
* [[Waimea Canyon]]
* [[Princeville North Shore]]
== See also ==
* [[Tourism in Hawaii#Kauai|Tourism on Kaua{{okina}}i]]
* [[Hurricane Iniki]] ([[1992]])
*[[Lilo and Stitch]], in which the isle is rained on by [[List of experiments from Lilo & Stitch|Experiment Pods]]. It's also the place which [[Lilo Pelekai|Lilo]] finds them, their "One True Place".
*[[Kauai cave wolf spider]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
* Edward Joesting. ''Kaua{{okina}}i, the Separate Kingdom''. University of Hawai{{okina}}i Press and Kaua{{okina}}i Museum Association. Honolulu. 1984. ISBN 0-8248-1162-3
*{{cite book |last=Cook |first=Chris |others=Landscape photography by David Boynton |title=The Kaua’i Movie Book |year=1996 |month=October |publisher=Mutual Publishing |location=Honolulu |isbn=1-56647-141-9 }}
==External links==
{{commonscat|Kauai}}
*[http://www.kauaichamber.org/ Kaua{{okina}}i Chamber of Commerce] - Essential business information
*[http://www.kauaidiscovery.com/ Kauai Visitors Bureau]
*[http://www.kauaiexplorer.com/ Kaua{{okina}}i Beaches]
*[http://www.waialeale.org Ascents of Waialeale and Kawaikini. Hikes in the Alakai Swamp and Waimea Canyon]
===News and resource links===
<!--'''Note:''' Only news or resource guides! -->
* The [http://www.kauaiworld.com/ Kauai Garden Island News] ~ main local newspaper
* [http://www.hawaiiweathertoday.com/ Hawaii Weather Today] - Glenn's daily Weather Narrative
* [http://www.pdc.org/ Pacific Disaster Center] - The Source for Daily Pacific Disaster News
{{Hawaii}}
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