Kayser-Fleischer ring
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2008-07-04T05:07:41Z
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robot Adding: [[fr:Anneaux de Kayser-Fleischer]]
{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = Kayser-Fleischer ring |
Image = Kayser-Fleischer ring.jpg|
Caption = A Kayser-Fleischer ring in a 32-year-old patient who had longstanding speech difficulties and [[tremor]].|
DiseasesDB = 30056 |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|H|18|0|h|15}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|371.14}} |
ICDO = |
OMIM = |
MedlinePlus = |
eMedicineSubj = |
eMedicineTopic = |
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'''Kayser-Fleischer rings''' (KF rings) are dark rings that appear to encircle the [[iris (anatomy)|iris]] of the [[eye]]. They are due to [[copper]] deposition as a result of particular liver diseases.<ref name=McDonnell/> They are named after Dr Bernhard Kayser and Dr Bruno Fleischer, the [[Germany|German]] doctors who first described them in 1902 and 1903.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Kayser B | title=Über einen Fall von angeborener grünlicher Verfärbung des Cornea | journal=Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk | year=1902 | volume=40 | issue=2 | pages=22–25}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Fleischer B | title=Zwei weitere Fälle von grünlicher Verfärbung der Kornea | journal=Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk | year=1903 | volume=41 | issue=1 | pages=489–491}}</ref><ref>{{WhoNamedIt|synd|1758}}</ref> Initially thought to be due to the accumulation of silver, they were first demonstrated to contain copper in 1934.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Gerlach W, Rohrschneider W | title=Besteht das Pigment des Kayser-Fleischerschen Hornhautringes aus Silber? | journal=Klin Wochenschr | year=1934 | volume=13 | pages=48–49 | doi=10.1007/BF01799043}}</ref>
==Detection==
As Kayser-Fleischer rings do not cause any symptoms, it is common for them to be identified during investigations for other medical conditions. In certain situations, they are actively sought; in that case, the early stages may be detected by [[slit lamp]] examination before they become visible to the naked eye.<ref name=McDonnell>{{cite journal |author=McDonnell G, Esmonde T |title=A homesick student |journal=Postgrad Med J |volume=75 |issue=884 |pages=375–8 |year=1999 |pmid=10435182 | url=http://pmj.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/75/884/375}}</ref>
==Appearance==
The rings, which consist of [[copper]] deposits where the [[cornea]] meets the [[sclera]], in [[Descemet's membrane]], first appear as a crescent at the top of the cornea. Eventually, a second crescent forms below, at 6 o'clock, and ultimately completely encircles the cornea.<ref>{{GPnotebook|-1684406263}}</ref><ref name=McDonnell/>
==Associations==
Kayser-Fleischer rings are a sign of [[Wilson's disease]], which involves abnormal copper handling by the liver resulting in copper accumulation in the body and is characterised by abnormalities of the [[basal ganglia]] of the [[brain]], [[cirrhosis|liver cirrhosis]], [[splenomegaly]], involuntary movements, [[muscle rigidity]], psychiatric disturbances, [[dystonia]] and [[dysphagia]]. The combination of neurological symptoms, a low blood [[ceruloplasmin]] level and KF rings is diagnostic of Wilson's disease.<ref name=McDonnell/>
Other causes of KF rings are [[cholestasis]] (obstruction of the [[bile duct]]s), [[primary biliary cirrhosis]] and "cryptogenic" cirrhosis (cirrhosis in which no cause can be identified).<ref name=McDonnell/>
==References==
<references/>
{{Eye pathology}}
{{Eponymous medical signs for nervous system}}
[[Category:Ophthalmology]]
[[de:Kayser-Fleischer-Kornealring]]
[[fr:Anneaux de Kayser-Fleischer]]
[[he:טבעת קייזר-פליישר]]
[[no:Kayser-Fleischer ring]]
[[pl:Pierścień Kaysera-Fleischera]]
[[pt:Anel de Kayser-Fleischer]]
[[ru:Кольца Кайзера-Флейшера]]