Keihanshin 557394 220528766 2008-06-20T08:47:39Z Mandarinx 7342938 Typo: changed 'leadind' to 'leading' [[Image:Wfm kansai overview.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Osaka-Kobe area. Kyoto is to the northeast]] {{nihongo|'''Keihanshin'''|京阪神|Keihanshin}} is a metropolitan region encompassing the metropolitan areas of the cities of [[Osaka]] in [[Osaka prefecture]], [[Kobe]] in [[Hyōgo Prefecture]], and [[Kyoto]] in [[Kyoto prefecture]]. The entire region has a population (as of 2000) of 18,644,000 over an area of 11,170 km².<ref name=mma>[http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2000/final/zuhyou/092.xls Japan Statistics Bureau] - "2000 Census: Table 92. Population in Major Metropolitan Areas and Metropolitan Areas", retrieved [[February 8]], [[2007]]</ref> It is Japan's second most populated urban region after the [[Greater Tokyo Area]], containing roughly 15% of Japan's population. The [[GDP]] in this area (Osaka and Kobe) is $341 billion, making it one of the world's most productive regions, a match even for [[Paris]] and [[London]].<ref>[http://www.pwc.com/uk/eng/ins-sol/publ/ukoutlook/pwc_ukeo-section3-march07.pdf - PWC report 2007], retrieved [[October 9]], [[2007]]</ref> And [[MasterCard]] Worldwide reported Osaka is 19th ranking city of the world's leading global cities and the instrumental role in driving the global economy.<ref>[http://www.mastercard.com/us/company/en/insights/pdfs/2008/MCWW_WCoC-Report_2008.pdf Mastercard Worldwide] - "Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index 2008" page 8 and 22, retrieved [[June 11]], [[2008]]</ref> The name ''Keihanshin'' is constructed by extracting a representative [[kanji]] from Kyoto (京都), Osaka (大阪), and Kobe (神戸), but using the [[Kanji#On.27yomi_.28Chinese_reading.29|On-yomi]] (Chinese reading) instead of the corresponding [[Kanji#Kun.27yomi_.28Japanese_reading.29|Kun-yomi]] (Japanese reading) for each of the characters taken from Osaka and Kobe. ==Definitions== ===Range of distance (キロ圏)=== The Japan Statistics Bureau defines the set of municipalities that are entirely or mostly within 50 kilometers of the Municipal Office of Osaka as one measure of the metropolitan area. As of 2000, the population for this region was 16,566,704.<ref>[http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2000/final/zuhyou/094.xls Japan Statistics Bureau - Basic Figures for Range of Distance]</ref> ===Urban Employment Area (都市雇用圏)=== [[Image:Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto.png|thumb|A map showing <font color=red>Osaka </font>, <font color=green>Kobe</font>, and <font color=blue>Kyoto</font> UEAs.]] The [[Urban Employment Area]] is a metropolitan area definition developed at the Faculty of Economics of the [[University of Tokyo]].<ref>[http://www.urban.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/index_e.htm University of Tokyo - Overview of Urban Employment Areas]</ref> This definition is analogous to the [[Metropolitan Statistical Area]] concept used to delineate metropolitan areas in the [[United States]]. The basic building blocks are municipalities. The core area is the set of municipalities that contain a ''densely inhabited district'' (DID) with a population of 10,000 or more. The Urban Employment Area is called Metropolitan Employment Area, when its core area has 50,000 DID population or more. Otherwise, the area is called Micropolitan Employment Area. A DID is a group of census enumeration districts inhabited at densities of 4,000 or more persons per km². Outlying areas are those municipalities where 10% or more of the employed population work in the core area or in another outlying area. Overlaps are not allowed and an outlying area is assigned to the core area where it has the highest commuter ratio. This definition assigns a Metropolitan Employment Area to the following cities of the Keihanshin region: Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto, Himeji, and Wakayama. The lists below indicate which cities belong to which metropolitan area. Towns and villages are not listed. ====Osaka Metropolitan Employment Area==== The Osaka Metropolitan Employment Area has a population (as of 2000) of 12,116,540<ref name="mea pop">[http://www.urban.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/MEA2000P_E.csv University of Tokyo - Urban Employment Area Code Tables]</ref> and consists of the following cities: *Core cities: [[Osaka]], [[Higashiosaka, Osaka|Higashiosaka]], [[Kadoma, Osaka|Kadoma]], [[Moriguchi, Osaka|Moriguchi]] *Outlying cities: **[[Osaka Prefecture]] (entire prefecture) **Hyōgo Prefecture (southeastern part): [[Amagasaki, Hyogo|Amagasaki]], [[Nishinomiya, Hyogo|Nishinomiya]], [[Ashiya, Hyogo|Ashiya]], [[Itami, Hyogo|Itami]], [[Takarazuka, Hyogo|Takarazuka]], [[Kawanishi, Hyogo|Kawanishi]], [[Sanda, Hyogo|Sanda]] **Nara Prefecture (northern part): [[Nara, Nara|Nara]], [[Tenri, Nara|Tenri]], [[Yamatotakada, Nara|Yamatotakada]], [[Yamatokoriyama, Nara|Yamatokoriyama]], [[Kashihara, Nara|Kashihara]], [[Sakurai, Nara|Sakurai]], [[Gose, Nara|Gose]], [[Ikoma, Nara|Ikoma]], [[Kashiba, Nara|Kashiba]], [[Katsuragi, Nara|Katsuragi]] **Other cities: [[Nabari, Mie|Nabari (Mie)]], [[Yawata, Kyoto|Yawata (Kyoto)]], [[Hashimoto, Wakayama|Hashimoto (Wakayama)]] ====Kyoto Metropolitan Employment Area==== The Kyoto Metropolitan Employment Area has a population (as of 2000) of 2,583,304<ref name="mea pop">[http://www.urban.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/MEA2000P_E.csv University of Tokyo - Urban Employment Area Code Tables]</ref> and consists of the following cities: *Core cities: [[Kyoto]] *Outlying cities **Kyoto Prefecture (southern part): [[Uji, Kyoto|Uji]], [[Kameoka, Kyoto|Kameoka]], [[Joyo, Kyoto|Joyo]], [[Muko, Kyoto|Muko]], [[Nagaokakyo, Kyoto|Nagaokakyo]], [[Kyotanabe, Kyoto|Kyotanabe]] **Shiga Prefecture (southwestern part): [[Otsu, Shiga|Otsu]], [[Kusatsu, Shiga|Kusatsu]] ====Kobe Metropolitan Employment Area==== The Kobe Metropolitan Employment Area has a population (as of 2000) of 2,296,268<ref name="mea pop">[http://www.urban.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/MEA2000P_E.csv University of Tokyo - Urban Employment Area Code Tables]</ref> and consists of the following cities: *Core cities: [[Kobe]] *Outlying cities **Hyōgo Prefecture (southern part): [[Akashi, Hyōgo|Akashi]], [[Kakogawa, Hyogo|Kakogawa]], [[Takasago, Hyogo|Takasago]], [[Miki, Hyogo|Miki]], and [[Awaji, Hyogo|Awaji]] ====Himeji Metropolitan Employment Area==== The Himeji Metropolitan Employment Area has a population (as of 2000) of 741,759<ref name="mea pop">[http://www.urban.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/MEA2000P_E.csv University of Tokyo - Urban Employment Area Code Tables]</ref> and consists of the following cities: *Core cities: [[Himeji]] *Outlying cities **Hyōgo Prefecture (southwestern part): [[Aioi, Hyōgo|Aioi]], [[Tatsuno, Hyogo|Tatsuno]] ====Wakayama Metropolitan Employment Area==== The Wakayama Metropolitan Employment Area has a population (as of 2000) of 573,308<ref name="mea pop">[http://www.urban.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/MEA2000P_E.csv University of Tokyo - Urban Employment Area Code Tables]</ref> and consists of the following cities: *Core cities: [[Wakayama, Wakayama|Wakayama]] *Outlying cities **Wakayama Prefecture (northwestern part): [[Kainan, Wakayama|Kainan]] ===Immediate commuter sphere (直接通勤圏)=== {{Sectstub|date=May 2008}} ===Major Metropolitan Area=== [[Image:Keihanshin MMA.png|thumb|A map of Keihanshin MMA.]] The Japan Statistics Bureau defines the Major Metropolitan Area or MMA (大都市圏) as the set of municipalities where at least 1.5% of the resident population aged 15 and above commute to school or work in a [[designated city]] (defined as the core area).<ref>[http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jyutaku/15025.htm Japan Statistics Bureau] - Definition of Major Metropolitan Area</ref> If multiple designated cities are close enough to have overlapping outlying areas, they are combined into a single multi-core area. In the 2000 census, the designated cities used to define the Keihanshin MMA were [[Osaka]], [[Kobe]], and [[Kyoto]]. This region consists of the combination of the metropolitan areas of Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto, and Himeji, and additionally includes several periurban areas (particularly in southern Shiga Prefecture) that are not part of the four metropolitan areas. The additional cities are (towns/villages are not listed): *[[Hyōgo Prefecture]]: [[Ono, Hyogo|Ono]], [[Kasai, Hyogo|Kasai]], [[Sasayama, Hyogo|Sasayama]] *[[Shiga Prefecture]]: [[Hikone, Shiga|Hikone]], [[Omihachiman, Shiga|Omihachiman]], [[Moriyama, Shiga|Moriyama]], [[Yasu, Shiga|Yasu]], [[Higashiomi, Shiga|Higashiomi]], [[Koka, Shiga|Koka]], [[Ritto, Shiga|Ritto]], [[Takashima, Shiga|Takashima]] *[[Mie Prefecture]]: [[Iga, Mie|Iga]] *[[Nara Prefecture]]: [[Gojo, Nara|Gojo]] As of 2000, the entire Keihanshin region had a population of 18,643,915 over an area of 11,169 km².<ref name=mma/> ==Transportation== ===Major Airports=== * [[Osaka International Airport]] * [[Kansai International Airport]] * [[Kobe Airport]] * [[Yao Airport]] (In Osaka Prefecture) ===Major Ports=== * Port of Osaka * [[Port of Kobe]] * Port of [[Sakai, Osaka|Sakai]]-Senboku (In Osaka Prefecture) * Port of [[Himeji, Hyōgo|Himeji]] ===Major Railways=== * [[West Japan Railway Company|JR West]] ** [[Sanyō Shinkansen]] ** <font color="#0033ff">●</font>[[Tōkaidō Main Line]] ([[JR Kobe Line]], [[JR Kyoto Line]], [[Biwako Line]]) ** <font color="#0033ff">●</font>[[Sanyō Main Line]] ** <font color="#00B2E5">●</font>[[Kosei Line]] ** <font color="#8b0000">●</font>[[Osaka Loop Line]] ** <font color="#F68B1E">●</font>[[Hanwa Line]] ** <font color="#29601c">●</font>[[Kansai Main Line]] ([[Yamatoji Line]]) ** <font color="mediumpurple">●</font>[[Sanin Main Line]] / [[Sagano Line]] ** <font color="#ffcc00">●</font>[[Fukuchiyama Line|Takarazuka Line]] ** <font color="hotpink">●</font>[[JR Tozai Line]] / <font color="yellowgreen">●</font>[[Gakkentoshi Line]] ** <span style="color:#335099">●</font>[[Osaka Higashi Line]] * [[Central Japan Railway Company|JR Central]] ** [[Tōkaidō Shinkansen]] * [[Hanshin Main Line|Hanshin Electric Railway Main Line]] * [[Hankai Tramway]] ** [[Hankai Line]] ** [[Hankai Uemachi Line|Uemachi Line]] * [[Hankyu Railway]] ** <font color="#3388cf">●</font>[[Hankyu Kobe Line|Kobe Line]] ** <font color="#ff8604">●</font>[[Hankyu Takarazuka Line|Takarazuka Line]] ** <font color="#41b76e">●</font>[[Hankyu Kyoto Line|Kyoto Line]] * [[Keihan Main Line|Keihan Electric Railway Keihan Main Line]] * [[Kintetsu]] ** [[Kintetsu Kashihara Line|Kashihara Line]] ** [[Kintetsu Osaka Line|Osaka Line]] ** [[Kintetsu Nara Line|Nara Line]] ** [[Kintetsu Minami-Osaka Line|Minami-Osaka Line]] ** [[Kintetsu Keihanna Line|Keihanna Line]] ** [[Kintetsu Yoshino Line|Yoshino Line]] * [[Nankai Electric Railway]] ** [[Nankai Main Line]] ** [[Nankai Koya Line|Koya Line]] * [[Kita-Osaka Kyuko Railway]] * [[Osaka Municipal Subway]] and <font color="#2a52be">●</font>[[Nankō Port Town Line|New Tram]] ** <font color="#118852">●</font>[[Chūō Line (Osaka)|Chūō Line]] ** <font color="#ff9900">●</font>[[Imazatosuji Line]] ** <font color="#e7211a">●</font>[[Midōsuji Line]] ** <font color="#94C747">●</font>[[Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line]] ** <font color="#df3b8f">●</font>[[Sennichimae Line]] ** <font color="#632a17">●</font>[[Sakaisuji Line]] ** <font color="#362965">●</font>[[Tanimachi Line]] ** <font color="#0d5c9e">●</font>[[Yotsubashi Line]] * [[Kyoto Municipal Subway]] ** <font color=green>●</font>[[Karasuma Line]] ** <font color=Orangered>●</font>[[Tōzai Line (Kyoto)|Tōzai Line]] * [[Kobe Municipal Subway]] ** <font color=green>●</font>[[Seishin-Yamate Line]] ** <font color=Blue>●</font>[[Kaigan Line]] * [[Osaka Monorail]] * [[Kobe Electric Railway]] ** [[Shintetsu Arima Line|Arima Line]] ** [[Shintetsu Ao Line|Ao Line]] ** [[Shintetsu Sanda Line|Sanda Line]] * [[Sanyo Electric Railway]] * [[Kobe Rapid Railway]] * [[Keifuku Electric Railroad]] * [[Nose Electric Railway]] * [[Kobe New Transit]] ===Major Expressways,National highways=== * [[Meishin Expressway]] ([[AH1|Asian Highway 1]]) * [[Chūgoku Expressway]] ([[AH1|Asian Highway 1]]) * [[Sanyō Expressway]] * Kinki Expressway * Maizuru Expressway ( To [[Maizuru, Kyoto|Maizuru]] ) * West-Meihan Expressway ( To [[Nara Prefecture]],[[Nagoya]] ) * Hanwa Expressway ( To [[Wakayama Prefecture]] ) * [[Hanshin Expressway]] *[[Route 1 (Japan)|Route 1]] *[[Route 2 (Japan)|Route 2]] *[[Route 9 (Japan)|Route 9]] *[[Japan National Route 24|Route 24]] ([[Kyoto]] - [[Nara Prefecture]] - [[Wakayama Prefecture]]) *[[Japan National Route 25|Route 25]] (Osaka - Nara - Nagoya) *[[Japan National Route 26|Route 26]] (Osaka - Wakayama) *[[Japan National Route 28|Route 28]] (Kobe - [[Awaji, Hyogo|Awaji]] - [[Tokushima, Tokushima]]) *Route 171 (Kobe - Kyoto , [[San'yōdō]]) *Route 423 (Osaka - Senri - [[Kameoka, Kyoto|Kameoka]] , "New-[[Midosuji]]") {{Osaka transit}} See also [[:Category:Rail transport in Osaka Prefecture]] == Economy == * [[Hanshin Industrial Region]] (Osaka and Kobe area) * [[Kansai Science City]] == See also == * [[Kansai region]] * [[Kamigata]] * [[List of metropolitan areas in Japan by population]] * [[List of metropolitan areas by population]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{World's most populated metropolitan areas}} [[Category:Metropolitan areas of Japan|Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto]] [[Category:Kansai region]] [[ko:게이한신]] [[nl:Keihanshin]] [[ja:京阪神]]