Kingdom of Naples 258779 225596017 2008-07-14T13:57:21Z TXiKiBoT 3171782 robot Adding: [[gl:Reino de Nápoles]] {{Infobox Former Country |native_name = Regno di Napoli |conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Naples |common_name = Naples | |continent = Europe |country = Italy |government_type = Monarchy |year_start = 1285 |year_end = 1816 |event_start = |date_start = |event_end = Formal union with Sicily to form Kingdom of Two Sicilies |date_end = |event1 = |date_event1 = |event2 = |date_event2 = |event3 = |date_event3 = |event4 = |date_event4 = |p1 = Kingdom of Sicily |flag_p1 = Flag of the Kingdom of Sicily.svg |image_p1 = |s1 = Two Sicilies |flag_s1 = Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1738).svg |image_flag = Flag of the Kingdom of Naples.svg |image_coat = Image-Blason Sicile Péninsulaire.svg |symbol = |symbol_type = | |image_map = Map of Italy Regno di Napoli.svg |image_map_caption = | |capital = Naples |latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= | |national_motto = |national_anthem = |common_languages = |religion = |currency = |leader1 = [[Charles II of Naples|Charles II]] |leader2 = [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies|Ferdinand I]] |leader3 = |leader4 = |year_leader1 = 1285-1309 |year_leader2 = 1815-1816 |year_leader3 = |year_leader4 = |title_leader = [[King of Naples|King]] |currency = [[Neapolitan piastra]]<br>[[Neapolitan lira]] (1812-1815) }} The '''Kingdom of Naples''' was an informal name of the [[polity]] officially known as the '''Kingdom of Sicily''' which existed on the mainland of the southern [[Italian peninsula]] after the secession of the island of [[Sicily]] from the old [[Kingdom of Sicily]] after the [[Sicilian Vespers]] rebellion of 1282. == Angevin Kingdom of Naples == Following the rebellion, King [[Charles I of Sicily]] (Charles of Anjou) was forced to leave the island of [[Sicily]] by [[Peter III of Aragon]]'s troops. Charles, however, maintained his possessions on the mainland, customarily known as the "Kingdom of [[Naples]]," after its capital city. Charles and his [[Angevin]] successors maintained a claim to Sicily, warring against the [[List of Aragonese monarchs|Aragonese]] until 1373, when Queen [[Joan I of Naples]] formally renounced the claim. Queen Joan I also played a part in the ultimate demise of the first Kingdom of Naples. As she was childless, she adopted [[Louis I of Naples|Louis I, Duke of Anjou]] as her heir, in spite of the claims of her cousin, the Prince of Durazzo, effectively setting up a junior Angevin line in competition with the senior line. This led to Joan I's murder at the hands of the Prince of Durazzo in 1382, and his seizing the throne as [[Charles III of Naples]]. The two competing Angevin lines contested each other for the possession of the Kingdom of Naples over the following decades. Charles III's daughter [[Joan II of Naples|Joan II]] (r. 1414-1435) adopted [[Alfonso V of Aragon]] (whom she later repudiated) and [[Louis III of Anjou]] as heirs alternately, finally settling succession on Louis' brother [[René of Anjou]] of the junior Angevin line, and he succeeded her in 1435. René of Anjou temporarily united the claims of junior and senior Angevin lines. In 1442, however, [[Alfonso V of Aragon|Alfonso V]] conquered the Kingdom of Naples and unified Sicily and Naples once again as dependencies of [[Aragon]]. At his death in 1458, the kingdom was again separated and Naples was inherited by [[Ferdinand I of Naples|Ferrante]], Alfonso's illegitimate son. == Aragonese and Spanish Kingdom of Naples == When Ferrante died in 1494, [[Charles VIII of France]] invaded Italy, using the Angevin claim to the throne of Naples, which his father had inherited on the death of King René's nephew in 1481, as a pretext, thus beginning the [[Italian Wars]]. Charles VIII expelled [[Alfonso II of Naples]] from Naples in 1495, but was soon forced to withdraw due to the support of [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] for his cousin, Alfonso II's son [[Ferdinand II of Naples|Ferrantino]]. Ferrantino was restored to the throne, but died in 1496, and was succeeded by his uncle, [[Frederick IV of Naples|Frederick IV]]. The French, however, did not give up their claim, and in 1501 agreed to a partition of the kingdom with Ferdinand of Aragon, who abandoned his cousin King Frederick. The deal soon fell through, however, and Aragon and France resumed their war over the kingdom, ultimately resulting in an Aragonese victory leaving Ferdinand in control of the kingdom by 1504. The kingdom continued to be a focus of dispute between France and Spain for the next several decades, but French efforts to gain control of it became feebler as the decades went on, and Spanish control was never genuinely endangered. The French finally abandoned their claims to the kingdom by the [[Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis]] in 1559. == Bourbon Kingdom of Naples == After the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] in the early 18th century, possession of the kingdom again changed hands. Under the terms of the [[First Congress of Rastatt|Treaty of Rastatt]] in 1714, Naples was given to [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]], the [[Holy Roman Emperor]]. He also gained control of [[Sicily]] in 1720, but Austrian rule did not last long. Both Naples and Sicily were [[Battle of Bitonto|conquered]] by a Spanish army during the [[War of the Polish Succession]] in 1734, and [[Charles III of Spain|Charles, Duke of Parma]], a younger son of King [[Philip V of Spain]] was installed as King of Naples and Sicily from 1735. When Charles inherited the Spanish throne from his older half-brother in 1759, he left Naples and Sicily to his younger son, [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies|Ferdinand IV]]. Despite the two Kingdoms being in a [[personal union]] under the Bourbon kings from 1735 onwards, they remained constitutionally separate. Being a member of the [[House of Bourbon]], Ferdinand IV was natural opponent of the [[French Revolution]] and [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]]. In 1798, he briefly occupied Rome, but was expelled from it by French Revolutionary forces within the year. Soon afterwards, in 1801, he was forced to sign the [[Treaty of Florence]] and Ferdinand fled to Sicily. The French armies installed a [[Parthenopaean Republic]], but this proved short-lived, and a peasant counter-revolution inspired by the clergy allowed Ferdinand to return to his capital early the next year. == Napoleonic Kingdom of Naples == Ferdinand's decision to ally with the [[Third Coalition]] against [[Napoleon]] in 1805 proved more damaging. In 1806, following decisive victories over the allied armies at [[Battle of Austerlitz|Austerlitz]] and over the Neapolitans at [[Battle of Campo Tenese|Campo Tenese]], Napoleon installed his brother, [[Joseph Bonaparte|Joseph]] as King of Naples. When Joseph was sent off to Spain two years later, he was replaced by Napoleon's sister [[Caroline Bonaparte|Caroline]] and his brother-in-law Marshal [[Joachim Murat]]. Meanwhile, Ferdinand had fled to Sicily, where he retained his throne, despite successive attempts by Murat to invade the island. The British would defend Sicily for the remainder of the war but despite the Kingdom of Sicily nominally being part of the [[Fourth Coalition|Fourth]], [[Fifth Coalition|Fifth]] and [[Sixth Coalition|Sixth]] Coalitions against Napoleon, Ferdinand and the British were unable to ever challenge French control of the Italian mainland. After Napoleon's defeat in 1814, Murat reached an agreement with Austria and was allowed to retain the throne of Naples, despite the lobbying efforts of Ferdinand and his supporters. However, with most of the other powers, particularly Britain, hostile towards him and dependent on the uncertain support of Austria, Murat's position became less and less secure. Therefore when Napoleon returned to France for the [[Hundred Days]] in 1815, Murat once again sided with him. Realising the Austrians would soon attempt to remove him, Murat gave the Rimini Proclamation in a hope to save his kingdom by allying himself with Italian nationalists. The ensuing [[Neapolitan War]] between Murat and the Austrians was short, ending with a decisive victory for the Austrian forces at the [[Battle of Tolentino]]. Murat was forced to flee, and Ferdinand IV of Sicily was restored to the throne of Naples. Murat would attempt to regain his throne but was quickly captured and executed by firing squad in [[Pizzo, Calabria]]. The next year, 1816, finally saw the formal union of the Kingdom of Naples with the Kingdom of Sicily into the new [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]]. == Flags of the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily == <center><gallery> Image:Flag of the Kingdom of Naples.svg|Pre-1738 flag of Naples Image:Flag of the Kingdom of Sicily.svg|Pre-1738 flag of Sicily Image:Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1738).svg|1738–1806; 1815–1816<br>Flag changed after Charles became King of Naples and Sicily. Flag remained that of Sicily throughout the Napoleonic Wars and was reinstated as the flag of Naples after the war Image:Flag of the Kingdom of Naples (1806).svg|1806–1808<br>Flag of Naples changed after Joseph Bonaparte became king Image:Flag of the Kingdom of Naples (1808).gif|1808–1811<br>Flag of Naples changed after Joachim Murat became king Image:Flag of the Kingdom of Naples (1811).gif|1811–1815<br>Flag of Naples changed by Murat </gallery></center> == See also == *[[History of Naples]] *[[List of monarchs of Naples]] {{Client states of the Great French War}} [[Category:Naples]] [[Category:Former countries on the Italian Peninsula|Naples, Kingdom of]] [[Category:Client states of the Great French War|Naples, Kingdom of]] [[Category:Former monarchies of Europe|Naples, Kingdom of]] [[Category:1282 establishments]] [[Category:1816 disestablishments]] {{Link FA|it}} [[an:Reino de Nápols]] [[bs:Napuljska kraljevina]] [[bg:Неаполитанско кралство]] [[ca:Regne de Nàpols]] [[cs:Neapolské království]] [[da:Kongeriget Napoli]] [[de:Königreich Neapel]] [[es:Reino de Nápoles]] [[fr:Royaume de Naples]] [[gl:Reino de Nápoles]] [[ko:나폴리 왕국]] [[id:Kerajaan Napoli]] [[it:Regno di Napoli]] [[la:Regnum Neapolitanum]] [[lb:Kinnekräich Neapel]] [[hu:Nápolyi Királyság]] [[nl:Koninkrijk Napels]] [[ja:ナポリ王国]] [[no:Kongedømmet Napoli]] [[nn:Kongedømet Napoli]] [[pl:Królestwo Neapolu]] [[pt:Reino de Nápoles]] [[ru:Неаполитанское королевство]] [[fi:Napolin kuningaskunta]] [[tr:Napoli Krallığı]] [[zh:那不勒斯王国]]