Kirshenbaum
408157
210584446
2008-05-06T15:27:06Z
Ans
48014
/* Consonant chart */ typo
{{redirect|Kirschenbaum|the surname (of either spelling)|Kirschenbaum (surname)}}
'''Kirshenbaum''', sometimes called '''ASCII-IPA''' or '''erkIPA''', is a system used to represent the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA) in [[ASCII]]. It was developed for [[Usenet]], notably the newsgroups sci.lang and alt.usage.english. It is named after '''Evan Kirshenbaum''', who led the collaboration that created it.
The system uses almost all lower-case letters to represent the directly corresponding IPA character, but unlike [[X-SAMPA]] has the notable exception of the letter 'r'. Examples where the two systems have a different mapping between characters and sounds are:
{| class=wikitable
! Sound !! IPA !! X-SAMPA !! Kirshenbaum
|-
| [[alveolar trill]] || {{IPA|r}} || <tt>r</tt> || <tt>r<trl></tt>
|-
| [[alveolar approximant]] || {{IPA|ɹ}} || <tt>r\</tt> || <tt>r</tt>
|-
| [[near-open front unrounded vowel]] || {{IPA|æ}} || <tt>{</tt> || <tt>&</tt>
|-
| [[open back rounded vowel]] || {{IPA|ɒ}} || <tt>Q</tt> || <tt>A.</tt>
|-
| [[open-mid central unrounded vowel]] || {{IPA|ɜ}} || <tt>3</tt> || <tt>V"</tt>
|-
| [[primary stress]] || {{IPA|ˈ}} || <tt>"</tt> || <tt>'</tt>
|-
| [[secondary stress]] || {{IPA|ˌ}} || <tt>%</tt> || <tt>,</tt>
|}
==Kirshenbaum charts of consonants and vowels==
''This chart is based on information provided in the Kirshenbaum specification.[http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf], [http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Evan_Kirshenbaum/IPA/faq.html] It may also be helpful to compare it to the [[SAMPA chart]] or [[X-SAMPA|X-SAMPA chart]].''
===Consonant chart===
{| class="wikitable IPA" style="text-align: center"
|+ Kirshenbaum chart of [[consonant]]s (the paired signs are voiceless/voiced consonants)
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
| rowspan="2" style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Place of articulation]] →
! colspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="4" | [[Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="4" | [[Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="1" | [[Radical consonant|Radical]]
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="width: 4em;" | [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="width: 4em;" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] [[Lateral consonant|laterals]]
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 3em"
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Labiodental consonant|Labio‐<br/>dental]]
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Dental consonant|Dental]]
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Retroflex consonant|Retro‐<br/>flex]]
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Palatoalveolar consonant|Palato‐<br/>alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Labiovelar consonant|Labio‐<br/>velar]]
! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Pharyngeal consonant|Pharyn‐<br/>geal]]
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 3em"
| style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Manner of articulation]] ↓
|-
!style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
| m
| M
| <nowiki>n[</nowiki>
| n
| n.
|
| n^
| N
| n"
| n<lbv>
|
|
|
|-
!style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Stop consonant|Stops]]
|p b
|
|<nowiki>t[ d[</nowiki>
|t d
|t. d.
|
|c J
|k g
|q G
|t<lbv> d<lbv>
|
|?
|
|-
!style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Fricative consonant|Fricatives]]
|P B
|f v
|T D
|s z
|s. z.
|S Z
|C C<vcd>
|x Q
|X g"
|w<vls> w
|H H<vcd>
|h<?>
|s<lat> z<lat>
|-
!style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Approximant consonant|Approximants]]
|
|r<lbd>
|<nowiki>r[</nowiki>
|r
|r.
|
|j
|j<vel>
|g"
|w
|
|h
|
|-
!style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Lateral consonant|Laterals]]
|
|
|<nowiki>l[</nowiki>
|l
|l.
|
|l^
|L
|
|
|
|
|-
!style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Trill consonant|Trills]]
|b<trl>
|
|
|r<trl>
|
|
|
|
|r"
|
|
|
|
|-
!style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Flap consonant|Flaps]]
|
|
|
|<nowiki> *</nowiki>
|<nowiki> *.</nowiki>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|<nowiki>*<lat></nowiki>
|-
!style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Ejective consonant|Ejectives]]
|p`
|
|<nowiki>t[`</nowiki>
|t`
|
|
|c`
|k`
|q`
|
|
|
|
|-
!style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Implosive consonant|Implosives]]
|b`
|
|d`
|d`
|
|
|J`
|g`
|G`
|
|
|
|
|-
!style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Click consonant|Clicks]]
|p!
|
|t!
|c!
|
|
|c!
|k!
|
|
|
|
|l!
|}
===Vowel chart===
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" class="wikitable">
<tr><td colspan="5">'''Kirshenbaum simplified chart of [[vowel]]s''' <br>''(the paired signs are unrounded/rounded vowels; symbols in parentheses designate vowels that exist in some [[spoken language]]s, but do not have IPA signs)''</td></tr>
<tr align="center">
<td></td>
<td width=20%>'''[[Front vowel|Front]]'''</td>
<td width=20%>'''[[Central vowel|Central]]'''</td>
<td width=20%>'''[[Back vowel|Back]]'''</td>
<td width=20%>'''[[R-colored vowel|Rhotic]]'''</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td align="center">'''[[Close vowel|Close]]'''</td>
<td align="center"><tt>i y</td>
<td align="center"><tt>i" u"</tt></td>
<td align="center"><tt>u- u</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td align="center">'''[[Near-close vowel|Near-close]]'''</td>
<td align="center"><tt>I I.</tt></td>
<td></td>
<td align="center"><tt>(U-) U</tt></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td align="center">'''[[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]'''</td>
<td align="center"><tt>e Y</tt></td>
<td align="center"><tt>@<umd> @.</tt></td>
<td align="center"><tt>o- o</tt></td>
<td align="center"><tt>R<umd></tt></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td align="center">'''[[Mid vowel|Mid]]'''</td>
<td></td>
<td align="center"><tt>@</tt></td>
<td></td>
<td align="center"><tt>R</tt></td>
</tr>
<td align="center">'''[[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]'''</td>
<td align="center"><tt>E W</tt></td>
<td align="center"><tt>V" O"</tt></td>
<td align="center"><tt>V O</tt></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td align="center">'''[[Near-open vowel|Near-open]]'''</td>
<td align="center"><tt>&</tt></td>
<td align="center"><tt>&"</tt></td>
<td align="center">''(no symbols)''</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td align="center">'''[[Open vowel|Open]]'''</td>
<td align="center"><tt>a a.</tt></td>
<td align="center"><tt>(a" A".)</TT></td>
<td align="center"><tt>A A.</tt></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</table>
====Vowel modifiers and diacritics====
Modifiers and diacritics follow the symbol they modify.
<table class="wikitable">
<tr align="center"><td>Modifier/diacritic</td><td>Meaning</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td><tt>~</tt></td><td>[[Nasal vowel|Nasalized]]</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td><tt>:</tt></td><td>[[Vowel length|Long]]</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td><tt>-</tt></td><td>[[Rounded vowel|Unrounded]]</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td><tt>.</tt></td><td>[[Rounded vowel|Rounded]]</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td><tt>"</tt></td><td>[[Central vowel|Centralized]]</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td><tt><?></tt></td><td>[[Murmured vowel|Murmured]]</td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td><tt><r></tt></td><td>[[R-colored vowel|Rhoticized]]</td></tr>
</table>
Stress is indicated by '''<tt>'</tt>''' for primary stress, and '''<tt>,</tt>''' for secondary stress, placed before the stressed syllable.
==See also==
*[[International Phonetic Alphabet]]
*[[SAMPA]]
*[[X-SAMPA]]
*[[International Phonetic Alphabet for English]]
*[[IPA chart for English]]
==External links==
* [http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf Kirshenbaum specification] ([[Portable Document Format|PDF]] file)
* [http://alt-usage-english.org/ipa/ascii_ipa_combined.shtml Tutorial and guide with sound samples]
[[Category:Phonetic alphabets]]
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