Kirshenbaum 408157 210584446 2008-05-06T15:27:06Z Ans 48014 /* Consonant chart */ typo {{redirect|Kirschenbaum|the surname (of either spelling)|Kirschenbaum (surname)}} '''Kirshenbaum''', sometimes called '''ASCII-IPA''' or '''erkIPA''', is a system used to represent the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA) in [[ASCII]]. It was developed for [[Usenet]], notably the newsgroups sci.lang and alt.usage.english. It is named after '''Evan Kirshenbaum''', who led the collaboration that created it. The system uses almost all lower-case letters to represent the directly corresponding IPA character, but unlike [[X-SAMPA]] has the notable exception of the letter 'r'. Examples where the two systems have a different mapping between characters and sounds are: {| class=wikitable ! Sound !! IPA !! X-SAMPA !! Kirshenbaum |- | [[alveolar trill]] || {{IPA|r}} || <tt>r</tt> || <tt>r<trl></tt> |- | [[alveolar approximant]] || {{IPA|ɹ}} || <tt>r\</tt> || <tt>r</tt> |- | [[near-open front unrounded vowel]] || {{IPA|æ}} || <tt>{</tt> || <tt>&amp;</tt> |- | [[open back rounded vowel]] || {{IPA|ɒ}} || <tt>Q</tt> || <tt>A.</tt> |- | [[open-mid central unrounded vowel]] || {{IPA|ɜ}} || <tt>3</tt> || <tt>V"</tt> |- | [[primary stress]] || {{IPA|ˈ}} || <tt>"</tt> || <tt>'</tt> |- | [[secondary stress]] || {{IPA|ˌ}} || <tt>%</tt> || <tt>,</tt> |} ==Kirshenbaum charts of consonants and vowels== ''This chart is based on information provided in the Kirshenbaum specification.[http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf], [http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Evan_Kirshenbaum/IPA/faq.html] It may also be helpful to compare it to the [[SAMPA chart]] or [[X-SAMPA|X-SAMPA chart]].'' ===Consonant chart=== {| class="wikitable IPA" style="text-align: center" |+ Kirshenbaum chart of [[consonant]]s (the paired signs are voiceless/voiced consonants) |- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em" | rowspan="2" style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Place of articulation]] → ! colspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|Labial]] ! colspan="4" | [[Coronal consonant|Coronal]] ! colspan="4" | [[Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]] ! colspan="1" | [[Radical consonant|Radical]] ! colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="width: 4em;" | [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] ! colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="width: 4em;" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] [[Lateral consonant|laterals]] |- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 3em" ! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]] ! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Labiodental consonant|Labio‐<br/>dental]] ! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Dental consonant|Dental]] ! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] ! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Retroflex consonant|Retro‐<br/>flex]] ! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Palatoalveolar consonant|Palato‐<br/>alveolar]] ! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] ! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]] ! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]] ! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Labiovelar consonant|Labio‐<br/>velar]] ! rowspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Pharyngeal consonant|Pharyn‐<br/>geal]] |- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 3em" | style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Manner of articulation]] ↓ |- !style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Nasal consonant|Nasals]] |&nbsp;&nbsp;m |&nbsp;&nbsp;M |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<nowiki>n[</nowiki> |&nbsp;&nbsp;n |&nbsp;&nbsp;n. | |&nbsp;&nbsp;n^ |&nbsp;&nbsp;N |&nbsp;&nbsp;n" |&nbsp;&nbsp;n&lt;lbv&gt; | | | |- !style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Stop consonant|Stops]] |p b | |<nowiki>t[ d[</nowiki> |t d |t. d. | |c J |k g |q G |t&lt;lbv&gt; d&lt;lbv&gt; | |? | |- !style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Fricative consonant|Fricatives]] |P B |f v |T D |s z |s. z. |S Z |C C&lt;vcd&gt; |x Q |X g" |w&lt;vls&gt; w |H H&lt;vcd&gt; |h<?> |s<lat> z<lat> |- !style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Approximant consonant|Approximants]] | |r&lt;lbd&gt; |<nowiki>r[</nowiki> |r |r. | |j |j&lt;vel&gt; |g" |w | |h | |- !style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Lateral consonant|Laterals]] | | |<nowiki>l[</nowiki> |l |l. | |l^ |L | | | | |- !style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Trill consonant|Trills]] |b&lt;trl&gt; | | |r&lt;trl&gt; | | | | |r" | | | | |- !style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Flap consonant|Flaps]] | | | |<nowiki>&nbsp;&nbsp;*</nowiki> |<nowiki>&nbsp;&nbsp;*.</nowiki> | | | | | | | |<nowiki>*&lt;lat&gt;</nowiki> |- !style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Ejective consonant|Ejectives]] |p` | |<nowiki>t[`</nowiki> |t` | | |c` |k` |q` | | | | |- !style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Implosive consonant|Implosives]] |b` | |d` |d` | | |J` |g` |G` | | | | |- !style="font-size:x-small;text-align:left"|[[Click consonant|Clicks]] |p! | |t! |c! | | |c! |k! | | | | |l! |} ===Vowel chart=== <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" class="wikitable"> <tr><td colspan="5">'''Kirshenbaum simplified chart of [[vowel]]s''' <br>''(the paired signs are unrounded/rounded vowels; symbols in parentheses designate vowels that exist in some [[spoken language]]s, but do not have IPA signs)''</td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td></td> <td width=20%>'''[[Front vowel|Front]]'''</td> <td width=20%>'''[[Central vowel|Central]]'''</td> <td width=20%>'''[[Back vowel|Back]]'''</td> <td width=20%>'''[[R-colored vowel|Rhotic]]'''</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="center">'''[[Close vowel|Close]]'''</td> <td align="center"><tt>i y</td> <td align="center"><tt>i" u"</tt></td> <td align="center"><tt>u- u</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="center">'''[[Near-close vowel|Near-close]]'''</td> <td align="center"><tt>I I.</tt></td> <td></td> <td align="center"><tt>(U-) U</tt></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="center">'''[[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]'''</td> <td align="center"><tt>e Y</tt></td> <td align="center"><tt>@&lt;umd&gt; @.</tt></td> <td align="center"><tt>o- o</tt></td> <td align="center"><tt>R&lt;umd&gt;</tt></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="center">'''[[Mid vowel|Mid]]'''</td> <td></td> <td align="center"><tt>@</tt></td> <td></td> <td align="center"><tt>R</tt></td> </tr> <td align="center">'''[[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]'''</td> <td align="center"><tt>E W</tt></td> <td align="center"><tt>V" O"</tt></td> <td align="center"><tt>V O</tt></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="center">'''[[Near-open vowel|Near-open]]'''</td> <td align="center"><tt>&</tt></td> <td align="center"><tt>&"</tt></td> <td align="center">''(no symbols)''</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="center">'''[[Open vowel|Open]]'''</td> <td align="center"><tt>a a.</tt></td> <td align="center"><tt>(a" A".)</TT></td> <td align="center"><tt>A A.</tt></td> <td> </td> </tr> </table> ====Vowel modifiers and diacritics==== Modifiers and diacritics follow the symbol they modify. <table class="wikitable"> <tr align="center"><td>Modifier/diacritic</td><td>Meaning</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td><tt>~</tt></td><td>[[Nasal vowel|Nasalized]]</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td><tt>:</tt></td><td>[[Vowel length|Long]]</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td><tt>-</tt></td><td>[[Rounded vowel|Unrounded]]</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td><tt>.</tt></td><td>[[Rounded vowel|Rounded]]</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td><tt>"</tt></td><td>[[Central vowel|Centralized]]</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td><tt>&lt;?&gt;</tt></td><td>[[Murmured vowel|Murmured]]</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td><tt>&lt;r&gt;</tt></td><td>[[R-colored vowel|Rhoticized]]</td></tr> </table> Stress is indicated by '''<tt>'</tt>''' for primary stress, and '''<tt>,</tt>''' for secondary stress, placed before the stressed syllable. ==See also== *[[International Phonetic Alphabet]] *[[SAMPA]] *[[X-SAMPA]] *[[International Phonetic Alphabet for English]] *[[IPA chart for English]] ==External links== * [http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf Kirshenbaum specification] ([[Portable Document Format|PDF]] file) * [http://alt-usage-english.org/ipa/ascii_ipa_combined.shtml Tutorial and guide with sound samples] [[Category:Phonetic alphabets]] [[de:Kirshenbaum]] [[fr:Kirshenbaum]] [[it:Kirshenbaum]] [[ja:キルシェンバウム]] [[fi:Kirshenbaum]]