Koło 390527 222246088 2008-06-28T08:58:34Z Escarbot 1554195 robot Adding: [[pt:Koło (Grande Polónia)]] {{Infobox Settlement | name = Koło | image_skyline = Koło - fara.jpg | imagesize = 220px | image_caption = Gothic church, built in the 15th century | image_flag = POL Koło flag.svg | flag_size = 80px | image_shield = POL Koło COA.svg | shield_size = 80px | citylogo_size = 80px | mapsize = 80px | pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{POL}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Greater Poland Voivodeship|Greater Poland]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Koło County]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]] | subdivision_name3 = Koło <small>(urban gmina)</small> | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Mieczysław Drożdżewski | established_title = Established | established_date = [[13th century]] | established_title3 = Town rights | established_date3 = 1362 | area_total_km2 = 13.85 | population_as_of = 2006 | population_total = 23034 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | latd = 52 | latm = 12 | lats = | latNS = N | longd = 18 | longm = 38 | longs = | longEW = E | elevation_m = 110 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 62-600 to 62-602 | area_code = +48 63 | blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]] | blank_info = PKL | website = http://www.kolo.pl }} <div style="width: 250px; float: right; clear: right"> </div> '''Koło''' [{{IPA-pl|'|k|o|ł|o}}] is a town on the [[Warta River]] in central [[Poland]] with 23,101 inhabitants (2006). It is situated in the [[Greater Poland Voivodship]] (since 1999), having previously been in [[Konin Voivodship]] (1975-1998), and it is the capital of [[Koło County]]. == History == ===Early history=== The town of Koło (mentioned as Colo) received local government in [[1362]] from King [[Casimir III of Poland|Casimir III]]. It was situated in a safe place near the royal castle, on the island in the branches of the Warta River; the town had no walls but only two gates. It was a royal city and the seat of a land county (starostwo niegrodowe). In [[1410]] Koło was a gathering place of the Greater Poland nobility, which called for a war with the [[Teutonic Order]] (see [[Battle of Grunwald]]). In [[1452]] the Royal Castle in Koło was the place of meeting between King [[Casimir the Jagiellonian]] and the representatives of the [[Prussian Union]] (see: the [[Thirteen Years' War]]). [[Image:Koło castle Poland.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Gothic castle in Koło, built in the 14th century]] From the early [[15th century]] until [[1716]], Koło was the meeting place of the Provincial Parliament (Sejmik Generalny) for [[Greater Poland]], comprising the [[Poznań Voivodship]], [[Kalisz Voivodship]], [[Sieradz Voivodeship]], [[Łęczyca Voivodeship]], [[Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship]] and [[Inowrocław Voivodeship]]) The town evolved as a regional centre of trade and crafts, especially in metals and textiles, and in the 16th century a suburb of Zduny consisting mainly of potters developed on the right bank of the Warta river, receiving separate municipal autonomy in 1559. Koło was destroyed twice, once in 1622 by the Lisowski forces, and in 1655 by the [[Sweden|Swedes]]; the economy managed to revive only at the end of the 17th century. Until 1793 Koło belonged to [[Konin County]] of [[Kalisz Voivodeship]], and in the years 1793-1806 it was occupied by [[Prussia]], but during the [[Kościuszko Uprising|Kościuszko insurrection]] in 1794 it was temporarily liberated by the insurgents. In the years 1807-1815 it belonged to the [[Duchy of Warsaw]] and later to [[Congress Poland]]. ===Modern era=== In the early 20th century, the [[Jewish]] population of Kolo made up almost 50 percent of the total population. When the [[Nazis]] occupied Poland, all males over the age of 14 were sent to forced labor. In December 1940, the Jews were rounded up in a ghetto, which was liquidated the following year, in December 1941. The remaining Jews were deported to [[Chelmno]], where they were shot or gassed to death and buried in mass graves. Kolo remained a transfer point for Jews deported to [[Lodz]], and Nazi officials, including [[Heinrich Himmler]], visited the town.<ref>[http://www.edwardvictor.com/Ghettos/2006/kolo_main.htm Kolo (Muhlental), Poland<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==Sports== *[[Olimpia Koło]] - football team (3rd league 1960, 1963-1965) *[[Maratończyk Koło]] - [[korfball]] team ==Notable residents== *[[Franciszek Ksawery Dmochowski]] - novelist, poet, translator, publisher, critic, and satirist *[[Tomasz Kos]] - football player ([[FC Erzgebirge Aue]]) *[[Jan Pusty]] - retired hurdler *[[Aron Brand]] - pediatric cardiologist ==Twin cities== *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Reinbek]] *{{flagicon|Ukraine}}[[Ladyzhyn]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.kolo.pl/ Koło official website] {{commons|Koło}} {{Link FA|pl}} {{coor title dm|52|12|N|18|39|E|}} <br> {{Koło County}} [[Category:Cities and towns in Greater Poland Voivodeship|Kolo]] [[cs:Koło]] [[de:Koło]] [[es:Koło]] [[eo:Koło]] [[fr:Koło]] [[hr:Koło]] [[id:Koło]] [[it:Koło]] [[jv:Koło]] [[csb:Koło]] [[lt:Kolas]] [[hu:Koło]] [[nl:Koło]] [[pl:Koło (województwo wielkopolskie)]] [[pt:Koło (Grande Polónia)]] [[ro:Koło]] [[ru:Коло (город)]] [[sk:Koło]] [[sv:Koło]] [[uk:Коло (Великопольське воєводство)]]