Kurnell, New South Wales 2581909 219255732 2008-06-14T09:53:27Z Adam.J.W.C. 3645909 /* Commercial areas */ {{Infobox Australian Place | type = suburb | name = Kurnell | city = Sydney | state = nsw | image = Kurnell.JPG | caption = | lga = Sutherland Shire | postcode = 2231 | pop = 2,110 (2006 Census) | area = | est = | propval = | stategov = [[Electoral district of Cronulla|Cronulla]] | fedgov = [[Division of Cook|Cook]] | dist1 = 22 | dir1 = south | location1= [[Sydney CBD|CBD]] | near-nw = [[Port Botany, New South Wales|Port Botany]] | near-n = [[Phillip Bay, New South Wales|Phillip Bay]] | near-ne = [[La Perouse, New South Wales|La Perouse]] | near-w = [[Woolooware, New South Wales|Woolooware]] | near-e = ''[[Pacific Ocean]]'' | near-sw = [[Cronulla, New South Wales|Cronulla]] | near-s = [[Cronulla, New South Wales|Cronulla]] | near-se = ''[[Bate Bay]]'' }} [[Image:Kurnell Rocks 1.JPG|right|thumb|Kurnell sandstone cliffs, view towards Pacific Ocean ]] '''Kurnell''' is a [[suburb]] in [[Southern Sydney|southern]] [[Sydney]], in the state of [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]]. Kurnell is located 22 [[kilometres]] south of the [[Sydney central business district]], in the [[Local Government Areas in Australia|local government area]] of the [[Sutherland Shire]]. ==Location== The [[Kurnell Peninsula]] is the southern headland of [[Botany Bay]]. [[Cronulla, New South Wales|Cronulla]] and [[Woolooware, New South Wales|Woolooware]] are the only adjacent suburbs. It is a 10&ndash;12 minute drive from the centre of Cronulla. [[La Perouse, New South Wales|La Perouse]] is located opposite, on the northern headland of Botany Bay. The eastern side of the peninsula is part of [[Botany Bay National Park]], with sheer sandstone cliffs dominating the coastline. Silver Beach provides protected swimming in Botany Bay, with views towards the city. [[Towra Point Nature Reserve]] is located on the western side of the suburb. <gallery> Image:Kurnell Rocks 2.JPG|sandstone cliffs at Kurnell Image:Kurnell Rocks 3.JPG|sandstone cliffs at Kurnell </gallery> ==History== There are two theories for the origin of the name Kurnell. It is either a deviation of an Aboriginal word "collonel" or a deviation of the name of an early settler, John Connell. Kurnell is considered to be ‘the birthplace of modern Australia’, as it is the place where [[Captain James Cook]] landed on [[29 April]] [[1770]], when navigating his way around Australia on his ship, the [[HM Bark Endeavour|Endeavour]]. <ref> http://www.kurnell.com/home.htm Kurnell</ref> The landing place is located on the north-eastern part of the national park. [[Sutherland Point]] is named in honour of a crew member, Scotsman [[Forby Sutherland]], who died of tuberculosis during their eight days here and was buried on the shore. Cape Solander is named after Swedish botanist [[Daniel Solander]], a colleague of [[Joseph Banks]]. Inscription Point was named by the Australian Philosophical Society in 1822 when they secured a plaque to the cliff face to mark the point of the Endeavour’s crew first landing. [[William Dampier|Dampier]] Street, [[Abel Janszoon Tasman|Tasman]] Street and [[Luis Váez de Torres|Torres]] Street commemorate other navigators in Australia’s history. The first land grant of {{convert|700|acre|km2|1}} was made in 1815, to Captain James Birnie, who established Alpha Farm. 'Alpha' is the first letter in the Greek alphabet and the name was thought appropriate for the first farm in the area. In 1821 John Connell Junior was also granted land here and used it for timber getting. His father purchased Alpha Farm from Birnie and by 1842 the Connell family's estate was over one thousand acres (4 km²) in size. In 1860, Alpha Farm was sold to Thomas Holt (1811-88), who owned most of the land that stretched from [[Sutherland, New South Wales|Sutherland]] to Cronulla. The area was known as Birniemere for a time and Holtmere was once a locality. Before the 1920s, Kurnell was used by fisherman as schools of several varieties of fish inhabited the Botany Bay foreshore and the open sea. Fishermen built numerous huts and shacks which sheltered them for the weekend fishing. During the [[Great Depression]], from the late 1920s, many severely affected low-income families took up residence there. The area was known as Happy Valley. [[Image:Kurnell Flags.JPG|right|thumb|Kurnell flag masts at sunset]] ==Places of interest== The northern part of the peninsula is a historic site known as Captain Cook’s Landing Place with a number of memorials located here: * the Captain Cook Memorial Obelisk * the Sir Joseph Banks Memorial * the Solander Monument * the Sutherland Monument The Discovery Centre provides information and displays relics from the early days in Kurnell’s history. Endeavour Heights is a recreation area in the Botany Bay National Park. The Kurnell Lookout provides brilliant views of Botany Bay and the northern headland of Botany Bay at [[La Perouse, New South Wales|La Perouse]]. Cape Solander is popular amongst whale watchers during the migration season. <gallery> Image:Kurnell Cook.JPG| Captain Cook Memorial Obelisk Image:Kurnell Cook Landing.JPG| Cook's Landing Place monument Image:Kurnell Cook Landing Plaque.JPG| Cook's Landing Place plaque Image:Kurnell Cook Araucaria.JPG|Cook's Tree plaque </gallery> <gallery> Image:Kurnell Banks.JPG| Sir Joseph Banks Memorial Image: Kurnell Sutherland.JPG| Sutherland's monument Image:Kurnell Solander.JPG| Solander's monument Image:Kurnell Cook Well.JPG|Cook's Well plaque </gallery> ==Commercial areas== The small residential area with a population of 2600 (as at 30/06/07 source ssec.org.au) is located to the north with a small group of shops in the village of Kurnell. Kurnell is dominated by an industrial area, which includes the Caltex Oil Refinery. Refined petrol is piped to the other side of Botany Bay in an underwater pipeline. A controversial [[desalination]] plant has been proposed for this area and would be expected to provide much of southern Sydney with an alternative water supply. It has been criticized on environmental grounds (greenhouse gases and impact of large amounts of deoxygenated brine), and was shelved, but was resumed after the March 2007 N.S.W. State elections, and "Fast Tracked". Continued, widespread protest by residential, environmental, and community groups was declared to be irrelevant. Immediate work was begun on a pipeline under Botany Bay to carry desalinated water to the North Suburbs. The water supply of Kurnell is supplemented with bore water. On 25/06/07 N.S.W. Premier Morris Iemma announced Desalination Plant size would be doubled.(source, smh.com.au-search. Desalination) Total water stored in the Sydney catchment was at a low of 36.9% on 7/06/07. Rainfall increased volume stored to 64% as of 7 Feb 2008 <ref>http://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/dams-and-water/weekly-storage-and-supply-reports</ref> [[Sand mining]] on the peninsula has depleted the area of much of the sand that was originally there. It has been said that 40 metre deep pools now form in the dunes <ref>http://www.ssec.org.au/our_environment/our_bioregion/kurnell/environment/dunes.htm</ref>.Pools are clearly visible in view from Google Earth. The remaining sand dune is used as a recreational off-road area for 4 wheel drives. The [[Cronulla sand dunes, Kurnell Peninsula|Cronulla sand dunes]] formed part of the location for the films ''[[Forty Thousand Horsemen]]'', directed by [[Charles Chauvel]] in 1940 and ''[[Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome]]''. Sand dunes are currently being replaced with domestic and industrial waste. The only road to Kurnell Peninsula is also flanked by a sewerage treatment plant. <ref>http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/PARLMENT/hansArt.nsf/V3Key/LA20030918027</ref> ==Sport and recreation== Triathlons are held in Kurnell annually. There are running tracks through Botany Bay National Park, as well as running along the beach and swimming in the netted area of Silver Beach. This location also offers fishing, sailing and windsurfing activities. There is a free shuttle bus service during whale watching season, departing from the parking area of the office of the National Park. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Further reading, external link== [http://www.ssec.org.au/our_environment/our_bioregion/kurnell/history/index.htm Kurnell, a pictorial history] ==External links== {{Mapit-AUS-suburbscale|long=151.20686|lat=-34.01159}} {{Sydney Sutherland suburbs}} [[Category:Suburbs of Sydney]] [[Category:Australian Aboriginal placenames]] [[Category:Kurnell Peninsula]] [[Category:Botany Bay]] [[fr:Kurnell]] [[ro:Kurnell, Sydney]]