Labyrinth
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2008-07-15T16:00:46Z
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Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Pink!Teen|Pink!Teen]] ([[User talk:Pink!Teen|talk]]) to last version by RTH
{{otheruses1|the mazelike structure from Greek mythology}}
[[Image:Theseus Minotaur Mosaic.jpg|thumb|135px|[[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[mosaic]] picturing [[Theseus]] and the [[Minotaur]]. [[Rhaetia]], [[Switzerland]].]]
[[Image:Labyrinth 2 (from Nordisk familjebok).png|thumb|135px|Classical labyrinth.]]
[[Image:Labyrinth 1 (from Nordisk familjebok).png|thumb|135px|Medieval labyrinth.]]
[[Image:Labyrinth at Chartres Cathedral.JPG|thumb|135px|Walking the famous labyrinth on floor of [[Cathedral of Chartres|Chartres Cathedral]].]]
[[Image:Chakravyuha.svg|thumb|right|135px|[[Chakravyuha]], a threefold seed pattern with a spiral at the centre, one of the troop formations employed at the [[Kurukshetra war|battle of Kurukshetra]], as recounted in the ''[[Mahabharata]]''.]]
[[Image:Labyrinth tattoo DSC04809 ms.jpg|thumb|135px|[[I'itoi]], the "Man in the Maze", a popular design in [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] [[basketry]].]]
In [[Greek mythology]], the '''Labyrinth''' ([[Greek language|Greek]] λαβύρινθος ''labyrinthos'') was an elaborate structure designed and built by the legendary artificer [[Daedalus]] for King [[Minos]] of [[Crete]] at [[Knossos]]. Its function was to hold the [[Minotaur]], a creature that was half man and half [[Bull (mythology)|bull]] and was eventually killed by the [[Athenian]] [[hero]] [[Theseus]]. Daedalus had made the Labyrinth so cunningly that he himself could barely escape it after he built it.<ref>Penelope Reed Doob, ''The Idea of the Labyrinth'', p 36.</ref> Theseus was aided by [[Ariadne]], who provided him with a fateful thread, literally the "clew", or "clue", to wind his way back again.
The term ''labyrinth'' is often used interchangeably with ''[[maze]]'', but modern scholars of the subject use a stricter definition. For them, a maze is a tour [[puzzle]] in the form of a complex branching passage with choices of path and direction; while a single-path (unicursal) labyrinth has only a single [[Eulerian path]] to the center. A labyrinth has an unambiguous through-route to the center and back and is not designed to be difficult to navigate.
This unicursal design was widespread in artistic depictions of the Minotaur's Labyrinth, even though both [[logic]] and literary descriptions of it make it clear that the Minotaur was trapped in a multicursal maze.<ref>Penelope Reed Doob, ''The Idea of the Labyrinth'', pp. 40-41.</ref>
A labyrinth can be represented both symbolically and physically. Symbolically, it is represented in [[art]] or designs on [[pottery]], as [[body art]], etched on walls of caves, etc. Physical representations are common throughout the world and are generally constructed on the ground so they may be walked along from entry point to center and back again. They have historically been used in both group ritual and for private [[meditation]].
==Ancient labyrinths==
[[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]]'s [[Pliny's Natural History|''Natural History'']] mentions four ancient labyrinths: the Cretan labyrinth, an Egyptian labyrinth, a Lemnian labyrinth and an Italian labyrinth.
''Labyrinth'' is a word of pre-Greek ([[Pelasgian]]) origin absorbed by Classical Greek and is perhaps related to the [[Lydian language|Lydian]] ''[[labrys]]'' ("double-edged axe", a symbol of royal power, which fits with the theory that the labyrinth was originally the royal Minoan palace on Crete and meant "palace of the double-axe"), with ''-inthos'' meaning "place" (as in ''[[Corinth]]''). The complex palace of [[Knossos]] in [[Crete]] is usually implicated, though the actual dancing-ground, depicted in frescoed patterns at Knossos, has not been found. Something was being shown to visitors as a labyrinth at Knossos in the 1st century AD (Philostratos, ''De vita [[Apollonius of Tyana|Apollonii Tyanei]]'' iv.34).<ref>Kerenyi, ''Dionysos'', p. 101, n. 171.</ref>
Greek mythology did not recall, however, that in Crete there was a ''Lady'' who presided over the Labyrinth. A tablet inscribed in [[Linear B]] found at Knossos records a gift "to all the gods honey; to the mistress of the labyrinth honey." All the gods together receive as much honey as the Mistress of the Labyrinth alone. "She must have been a [[Great Goddess]]," Kerenyi observes.<ref>Kerenyi, ''Dionysos'', p. 91.</ref>
The labyrinth is the referent in the familiar Greek patterns of the endlessly running [[meander (art)|meander]], to give the "Greek key" its common modern name. In the [[3rd century BCE]], coins from Knossos were still struck with the labyrinth symbol. The predominant labyrinth form during this period is the simple seven-circuit style known as the ''classical'' labyrinth.
The term ''labyrinth'' came to be applied to any unicursal maze, whether of a particular circular shape (illustration) or rendered as square. At the center, a decisive turn brought one out again. In the Socratic dialogue that [[Plato]] produced as ''[[Euthydemus]]'', [[Socrates]] describes the labyrinthine line of a logical argument:
{{blockquote|Then it seemed like falling into a labyrinth: we thought we were at the finish, but our way bent round and we found ourselves as it were back at the beginning, and just as far from that which we were seeking at first.
Thus the present-day notion of a labyrinth as a place where one can lose [his] way must be set aside. It is a confusing path, hard to follow without a thread, but, provided [the traverser] is not devoured at the midpoint, it leads surely, despite twists and turns, back to the beginning.<ref>Kerenyi, ''Dionysos'', p. 91.</ref>}}
===Cretan labyrinth at Knossos===
Wrapped in legend, but also clearly manifested in the [[archaeological]] record is the huge [[Bronze Age]] labyrinth at [[Knossos]]. As Hogan notes, the importance of the labyrinth to the identity of Knossos is amplified by the recurrence of the double-axe (or ''labrys'') symbol in various artworks and architectural embellishments at the Knossos palace complex.<ref>[http://letmespeaktothedriver.com/site/10854/knossos.html#fieldnotes C. Michael Hogan, ''Knossos fieldnotes'', Modern Antiquarian (2007)]</ref> That the Cretan labyrinth had been a dancing-ground and was made for [[Ariadne]] rather than for Minos was remembered by [[Homer]] in ''[[Iliad]]'' xviii.590–593, where, in the pattern that [[Hephaestus]] inscribed on Achilles' shield, one incident pictured was a dancing-ground "like the one that Daedalus designed in the spacious town of Knossos for Ariadne of the lovely locks." Even the labyrinth dance was depicted on the shield, where "youths and marriageable maidens were dancing on it with their hands on one another's wrists... circling as smoothly on their accomplished feet as the wheel of a potter...and there they ran in lines to meet each other."
===Herodotus' Egyptian labyrinth===
Even more generally, ''labyrinth'' might be applied to any extremely complicated maze-like structure. [[Herodotus]], in Book II of his ''[[Histories (Herodotus)|Histories]]'', describes as a "labyrinth" a building complex in Egypt, "near the place called the [[Crocodilopolis|City of Crocodiles]]," that he considered to surpass the [[Egyptian pyramids|pyramids]] in its astonishing ambition:
{{blockquote|It has twelve covered courts — six in a row facing north, six south — the gates of the one range exactly fronting the gates of the other. Inside, the building is of two storeys and contains three thousand rooms, of which half are underground, and the other half directly above them. I was taken through the rooms in the upper storey, so what I shall say of them is from my own observation, but the underground ones I can speak of only from report, because the Egyptians in charge refused to let me see them, as they contain the tombs of the kings who built the labyrinth, and also the tombs of the sacred crocodiles. The upper rooms, on the contrary, I did actually see, and it is hard to believe that they are the work of men; the baffling and intricate passages from room to room and from court to court were an endless wonder to me, as we passed from a courtyard into rooms, from rooms into galleries, from galleries into more rooms and thence into yet more courtyards. The roof of every chamber, courtyard, and gallery is, like the walls, of stone. The walls are covered with carved figures, and each court is exquisitely built of white marble and surrounded by a colonnade.<ref>[[Herodotus]], ''[[The Histories of Herodotus|The Histories]]'', translated by [[Aubrey de Sélincourt]], Book II, pp. 160-61.</ref>}}
During the time of [[William Smith (lexicographer)|Sir William Smith]], the remains of the "Labyrinthus" (as he calls it) were discovered "11 1/2 miles from the pyramid of [[Hawara]], in the province of [[Faiyum Oasis|Faioum]]."<ref name="W.S.">[[William Smith (lexicographer)|Smith, William]] (editor). ''[[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities]]'', published 1870, page 664.</ref> As [[William Smith (lexicographer)|professor Smith]] states in the ''[[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities]]'' (1870), the Labyrinthus was likely modified and added upon "at various times. The names of more than one king have been found there, the oldest" name being that of [[Amenemhat III]].<ref name="W.S." /> "It is unnecessary to imagine more than that it was monumental, and a monument of more than one king of Egypt."<ref name="W.S." />
In 1898, the ''[[Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities]]'' described the structure as "the largest of all the temples of Egypt, the so-called Labyrinth, of which, however, only the foundation stones have been preserved."<ref>[[Harry Thurston Peck|Peck, Harry Thurston (chief editor)]]. "Hieratic Papyrus. (Twentieth Dynasty.)" in the ''[[Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities]]'', published 1898, page 29.</ref>
===Pliny's Lemnian labyrinth===
[[Pliny the Elder]]'s ''Natural History'' (36.90) lists the legendary [[Smilis]], reputed to be a contemporary of Daedalus, together with the historical mid-sixth-century BCE architects and sculptors Rhoikos and Theodoros as two of the makers of the Lemnian labyrinth, which Andrew Stewart<ref>Andrew Stewart, ''One Hundred Greek Sculptors: Their Careers and Extant Works'', "Smilis."</ref> regards as "evidently a misunderstanding of the Samian temple's location ''en limnais'' ['in the marsh']."
===Pliny's Italian labyrinth===
According to Pliny, the tomb of the great Etruscan general [[Lars Porsena]] contained an underground maze. Pliny's description of the exposed portion of the tomb is intractable; Pliny, it seems clear, had not observed this structure himself, but is quoting the historian and Roman antiquarian [[Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro]].
===Ancient labyrinths outside Europe===
At about the same time as the appearance of the Greek labyrinth, a topologically identical pattern appeared in [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] culture, the [[Tohono O'odham]] labyrinth which features [[I'itoi]], the "Man in the Maze". The Tonoho O'odham pattern has two distinct differences from the Greek: it is radial in design, and the entrance is at the top, where traditional Greek labyrinths have the entrance at the bottom (see below).
A prehistoric petroglyph on a riverbank in [[Goa]] shows the same pattern and has been dated to circa 2500 BCE. Other examples have been found among cave art in northern [[India]] and on a dolmen shrine in the [[Nilgiri Mountains]], but are difficult to date accurately. Early labyrinths in India all follow the Classical pattern; some have been described as plans of forts or cities [http://www.labyrinthos.net/indialabs.htm]. Labyrinths appear in Indian manuscripts and [[Vajrayana|Tantric]] texts from the 17th century onward. They are often called "[[Chakravyuha]]" in reference to an impregnable battle formation described in the ancient [[Mahabharata]] epic.'''
==Labyrinth as pattern==
In antiquity, the less complicated labyrinth pattern familiar from medieval examples was already developed. In Roman [[floor mosaic]]s, the simple classical labyrinth is framed in the meander border pattern, squared off as the medium requires, but still recognisable. Often an image of a bull-man, a [[minotaur]], appears in the centre of these mosaic labyrinths. Roman meander patterns gradually developed in complexity towards the fourfold shape that is now familiarly known as the [[medieval]] form. The labyrinth retains its connection with death and a triumphant return: at [[Hadrumetum|Hadrumentum]] in [[North Africa]] (now [[Sousse]]), a Roman family tomb has a fourfold labyrinth mosaic floor with a dying minotaur in the center and a mosaic inscription: <small>HICINCLUSUS.VITAMPERDIT</small> "Enclosed here, he loses life" (Kerenyi, fig.31).
<gallery>
image:NAMA Tablette 1287.jpg|Earliest recovered labyrinth, incised on a clay tablet from [[Pylos]].
image:Conímbriga minotauro.jpg|Minotaur in Labyrinth—a Roman mosaic at [[Conímbriga]], Portugal.
image:Labyrinth_Lucca.jpg|Wall maze in [[Lucca]] Cathedral, Italy (probably medieval).
image:Rocky_Valley_labyrinth_Tintagel.jpg|Seven-ring classical labyrinth of unknown age in Rocky Valley near [[Tintagel]], Cornwall, UK.
image:Trojaburg_(Scandinavian_stone_labyrinth).jpg|A Scandinavian "Trojaburg" ("[[Troy Town]]") seven-ring classical labyrinth outlined with stones.
image:Schönbusch4.jpg|Public hedge maze in "English Garden" at Schönbusch Park, [[Aschaffenburg]], [[Germany]].
image:Dalby_City_of_Troy_turf_maze.jpg|Small turf maze near Dalby, [[North Yorkshire]], UK.
image:Wing_Maze.jpg|Turf maze at Wing in [[Rutland]], UK.
image:Minotaurus.gif|Minotaur at center of labyrinth, on ancient gem.
Image:BCmemoriallabyrinth.jpg|[[September 11, 2001 attacks|9/11]] memorial labyrinth, [[Boston College]], USA.
Image:Boulogne-sur-mer - Labyrinthe.jpg|[[Paving]] labyrinth, [[turf]], annual [[begonia]]s. [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]].
</gallery>
==Medieval labyrinths and "turf mazes"==
[[Image:8250 Church of Abbaye Notre-Dame de Saint-Remy Rochefort 2007 Luca Galuzzi.jpg|thumb|Labrynth in the [[Trappist]] [[Abbey]] of Our Lady of Saint-Remy, [[Wallonia]], [[Belgium]].]]
The full flowering of the medieval labyrinth design came about during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries with the grand pavement labyrinths of the gothic [[cathedral]]s, most notably [[Cathedral of Chartres|Chartres]], [[Reims Cathedral|Reims]] and [[Amiens Cathedral|Amiens]] in northern [[France]] and the [[Duomo di Siena]] in [[Tuscany]]. These labyrinths were supposed to have originated in a symbolical allusion to the [[Jerusalem|Holy City]], and certain prayers and devotions doubtlessly accompanied the perambulation of their intricate mazes<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08728b.htm Labyrinth in Catholic Encyclopedia]</ref>. It is this version of the design that is thought to be the inspiration for the many secular [[turf maze]]s in the UK, such as survive at [[Wing, Rutland]], [[Hilton, Cambridgeshire]], [[Alkborough]] ([[North Lincolnshire]]), and at [[Saffron Walden]] in [[Essex, England|Essex]].
Over the same period, some 500 or more non-ecclesiastical labyrinths were constructed in [[Scandinavia]]. These labyrinths, generally in coastal areas, are marked out with stones most often in the simple classical form. They often have names which translate as "[[Troy Town]]". They are thought to have been constructed by early fishing communities, to trap malevolent [[troll]]s/winds in the labyrinth's coils in order to ensure a safe fishing expedition. There are also stone labyrinths on the [[Isles of Scilly]], although none of them are known to date back as far as the Scandinavian ones.
There are remarkable examples of the labyrinth shape from a whole range of ancient and disparate cultures. The symbol has appeared in all its forms and media ([[petroglyph]]s, classic-form, medieval-form, pavement, turf and basketry) at some time, throughout most parts of the world, from [[Java (island)|Java]], Native [[North America|North]] and [[South America]], [[Australia]], [[India]] and [[Nepal]].
== Modern labyrinths ==
[[Image:Labyrinth vor St. Lambertus, Mingolsheim.JPG|thumb|135px|Labyrinth at St. Lambertus, [[Mingolsheim]], [[Germany]].]]
[[Image:LabyrinthGraceCathedral.jpg|thumb|left|Labyrinth on floor of [[Grace Cathedral, San Francisco]].]]
In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in the labyrinth symbol, which has inspired a revival in labyrinth building, notably at Willen Park, [[Milton Keynes]]; [[Grace Cathedral, San Francisco|Grace Cathedral]], [[San Francisco]]; Tapton Park, [[Chesterfield]]; and the Labyrinth in Shed 16 in the Old Port of [[Montreal]].
Countless [[computer game]]s depict mazes and labyrinths.
On [[bobsled]], [[luge]], and [[skeleton (sport)|skeleton]] tracks, a labyrinth is where there are three to four curves in succession without a straight line in between any of the turns.
=== Modern takes on Greek labyrinth ===
In modern imagery, the labyrinth is often confused with the [[maze]], in which one may become lost.
The myth of the labyrinth has in recent times found incarnation in a stage play by [[Ilinka Crvenkovska]] which explores notions of a man's ability to control his own fate. [[Theseus]] in an act of suicide is killed by the [[Minotaur]], who is himself killed by the horrified townspeople.
The Argentine writer [[Jorge Luis Borges]] was entranced with the idea of the labyrinth, and used it extensively in his short stories. His use of it has inspired other authors' works (e.g. [[Umberto Eco]]'s ''[[The Name of the Rose]]'', Mark Z. Danielewski's ''[[House of Leaves]]''). Additionally, [[Roger Zelazny]]'s fantasy series, ''[[The Chronicles of Amber]]'', features a labyrinth, called "the Pattern", which grants those who walk it the power to move between parallel worlds. The avant-garde multi-screen film, ''[[In the Labyrinth]]'', presents a search for meaning in a symbolic modern labyrinth.
The labyrinth is also an important subject in contemporary [[fine arts]]. Remarkable [[20th-century]] examples include [[Piet Mondrian]]'s ''Dam and Ocean'' (1915), [[Joan Miro]]'s ''Labirynth'' (1923), [[Pablo Picasso]]'s ''Minotauromachia'' (1935), [[M. C. Escher]]'s ''[[Relativity]]'' (1953), [[Friedensreich Hundertwasser]]'s ''Labyrinth'' (1957), [[Jean Dubuffet]]'s ''Logological Cabinet'' (1970), [[Richard Long (artist)|Richard Long]]'s ''[[Connemara]] sculpture'' (1971), [[Joe Tilson]]'s ''Earth Maze'' (1975), [[Richard Fleischner]]'s ''Chain Link Maze'' (1978), [[István Orosz]]'s ''Atlantis Anamorphosis'' (2000), and [[Dmitry Rakov]]'s ''Labyrinth'' (2003).
== Cultural meanings ==
[[Prehistoric]] labyrinths are believed to have served as traps for malevolent spirits or as defined paths for ritual dances. In [[medieval]] times, the labyrinth symbolized a hard path to God with a clearly defined center (God) and one entrance (birth).
Labyrinths can be thought of as symbolic forms of [[pilgrimage]]; people can walk the path, ascending toward salvation or enlightenment. Many people could not afford to [[travel]] to holy sites and lands, so labyrinths and prayer substituted for such travel. Later, the religious significance of labyrinths faded, and they served primarily for entertainment, though recently their spiritual aspect has seen a resurgence.
Many newly made labyrinths exist today, in [[church]]es and [[park]]s. Labyrinths are used by modern [[mystic]]s to help achieve a contemplative state. Walking among the turnings, one loses track of direction and of the outside world, and thus quiets his mind. The result is a relaxed mental attitude, free of internal dialog. This is a form of [[meditation]]. Many people believe that meditation has [[health]] benefits as well as spiritual benefits. The [http://wwll.veriditas.labyrinthsociety.org/ Labyrinth Society] provides a locator for modern labyrinths in [[North America]].
==See also==
{{commons|Labyrinth}}
*[[Maze]]
*[[Prayer Labyrinth]]
*[[Caerdroia]]
*[[Troy Town]]
*[[Turf maze]]
*[[Mizmaze]]
*[[Celtic maze]]
*[[Julian's Bower]]
*''[[Pharaoh (novel)#Inspirations|Pharaoh]]'' (1895 novel by [[Bolesław Prus]], incorporating an [[Labyrinth#Herodotus' "Egyptian labyrinth"|Egyptian Labyrinth]] inspired by that described in Book II of ''[[The Histories of Herodotus#Book II (Euterpe)|The Histories of Herodotus]]'')
*''[[Labyrinths]]'' (1962 collection of [[short story|short stories]] by [[Jorge Luis Borges]])
*''[[Labyrinth (film)|Labyrinth]]'' (1986 film)
*''[[Labyrinth (novel)|Labyrinth]]'' (2005 novel by [[Kate Mosse]])
*''[[Pan's Labyrinth]]'' (2006 film)
*''[[Maryam's Maze (book)|Maryam's Maze]]'' (novel by [[Mansoura Ez-eldin]])
*[[Labyrinth Arts]] (community arts group)
*[[Labyrinth (inner ear)|Labyrinth]] (inner ear)
*[[Labyrinthitis]] (balance disorder caused by inflammation of inner ear)
*[[Parterre]]
==Notes==
<div class="references-small"><references /></div>
==References==
* Penelope Reed Doob, ''The Idea of the Labyrinth: from Classical Antiquity through the Middle Ages'', ISBN 0-8014-8000-0.
* [[Herodotus]], ''[[The Histories of Herodotus|The Histories]]'', Newly translated and with an introduction by [[Aubrey de Sélincourt]], [[Harmondsworth]], England, [[Penguin Books]], 1965.
*[[Karl Kerenyi|Karl Kereny]], ''Dionysos: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life'', Princeton University Press, 1976.
* Helmut Jaskolski, ''The Labyrinth: Symbol of Fear, Rebirth and Liberation'', Shambala (1997).
* Adrian Fisher & Georg Gerster, ''The Art of the Maze'', Weidenfeld & Nicolson (1990). ISBN 0-297-83027-9
*Jeff Saward, ''Magical Paths'', Mitchell Beazley (2002). ISBN 1-84000-573-4
*[http://www.sacred-texts.com/etc/ml/index.htm W.H. Matthews, ''Mazes and Labyrinths: Their History and Development''], Longmans, Green & Co.(1922). Includes [http://www.sacred-texts.com/etc/ml/ml27.htm bibliography]. Dover Publications reprint (1970). ISBN 0-486-22614-X.
* Andrew Stewart, ''One Hundred Greek Sculptors: Their Careers and Extant Works''.
* Henning Eichberg, 2005: [http://www.cisc.sdu.dk/Publikationer/qHE2004_13.pdf "Racing in the labyrinth? About some inner contradictions of running."] In: ''Athletics, Society & Identity.'' Imeros, Journal for Culture and Technology, 5:1) Athen: Foundation of the Hellenic World, 169-192.
*Edward Hays, ''The Lenten Labyrinth: Daily Reflections for the Journey of Lent'', Forest of Peace Publishing (1994).
==External links==
* [http://www.labyrinthos.net Jeff Saward's Labyrinthos site]
* [http://www.labyrinthsociety.org/ The International Labyrinth Society]
* [http://www.spiritconnecxions.com/labyrinth.html Modern patterns, articles & stories]
* [http://www.astrolog.org/labyrnth/algrithm.htm Maze classification] Extensive classification of labyrinths and algorithms to solve them.
* [http://www.irrgartenwelt.de IRRGARTENWELT.DE Lars O. Heintel's collection of handdrawn labyrinths and mazes]
* [http://www.findingstone.com/workshops/labyrinth/index.htm Labyrinth History and Information]
* [http://www.mymaze.de/ Mystery Labyrinth] Remarks, descriptions, animations, pictures, links ...
* [http://www.fassier.fr/labyx/labys.html Philippe Fassier] {{fr icon}} Maze Designer's Website
* [http://www.mi.sanu.ac.yu/vismath/morrison The Geometry of History, Tessa Morrison, School of Fine Arts]
* [http://www.gottesformel.ch/Labyrinth/Labyrinth-Hoehle.html Thomas M. Waldmann, "Die Kretische Labyrinth-Höhle" 2007] A labyrinthine Cretan cave system near [[Gortyn]] (in German)
* [http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/maze/index.htm Jo Edkins's Maze Page]
* [http://SpiralZoom.com ''SpiralZoom.com''], an educational website about the science of pattern formation, spirals in nature, and spirals in the mythic imagination & labyrinths.
*[http://www.jointoplay.com/maz.html Multiplayer Maze Game] Flash-based free maze game
*[http://www.wimp.com/maze/] A maze with four levels and a surprise at the end.
* [http://www.guerrillalabyrinths.com Guerrilla Labyrinths]
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