Lacrosse 18080 226134339 2008-07-16T23:40:58Z 209.115.131.195 /* International lacrosse */ {{otheruses}} [[Image:Finnish lax.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Lacrosse being played in [[Finland]].]] '''Lacrosse''' is a [[full contact sport|full contact]] [[team sport]] played using a small solid rubber ball and long handled racket called a crosse or [[lacrosse stick]]. The head of the crosse has a loose net strung into it that allows the player to hold the [[lacrosse ball]]. Offensively the object of the game is to use the stick to catch, carry, and pass the ball in an effort to score by ultimately hurling the ball into an opponent's goal. Defensively the object is to keep the opposing team from scoring and to dispossess them of the ball through the use of stick checking and body contact. There are three distinct versions of the sport; men's lacrosse, women's lacrosse and box lacrosse. ==History== {{mainarticle|History of lacrosse}} In Native American society lacrosse served several different purposes. The sport was used for conflict resolution, the training of young warriors, and as a religious ritual. Games could be played on a pitch over a mile wide and sometimes lasted for days. Early lacrosse balls were made out of deerskin, clay, stone, and sometimes wood. Lacrosse has played a significant role in the community and religious life of tribes across the continent for many years. Early lacrosse was characterized by deep spiritual involvement, befitting the spirit of combat in which it was undertaken. Those who took part did so in the role of warriors, with the goal of bringing glory and honor to themselves and their tribes.<ref>{{cite news | last = Rock| first = Tom| title = More Than a Game| work = Lacrosse Magazine| publisher = [[US Lacrosse]]| date = [[November 2002|November]]/December 2002| url = http://www.redhawkslax.com/news.lacrossemag.html| accessdate = 2007-03-18 }}</ref> The game was said to be played "for the pleasure of the Creator." [[Image:stickball.jpg|left|thumb|"Ball-play of the Choctaw--ball up" by [[George Catlin]], circa 1834-1835.]] Lacrosse has witnessed significant modifications since its origins in the 14th century,{{cn}} but many aspects of the sport remain the same. In the traditional [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] version, each team consisted of about 100 to 1,000 men on a field that stretched from about 500 yards to a couple of miles long.<ref name="STX">{{cite web| url = http://www.stxlacrosse.com/theculture/history.cfm| title = Lacrosse History| accessdate = 2007-02-24| publisher = [[STX]]}}</ref> These lacrosse games lasted from sunup to sundown for two to three days. These games were played to settle inter-tribal disputes, to toughen young warriors in preparation for future combat and to give thanks to the Creator. The Alqonquin tribes referred to the sport as "baggatway".<ref name="STX"/> The game became known to Westerners when a [[France|French]] [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] Missionary, [[Jean de Brébeuf]], saw the [[Iroquois]] tribesmen play it in 1636.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintj52.htm|title=Patron Saints Index: Jean de Brébeuf|work=Catholic Community Forum|accessdate=2007-03-18}}</ref> It has often been assumed that the name lacrosse stems from the resemblance that a traditional wooden lacrosse stick bears to a [[bishop|bishop's]] [[crosier]]. Jesuit missionary Jean-de-Brébeuf noted this resemblance in the ''Relation des Jésuites'' around 1640. However, the word ''crosse'' in the French of that time period was a general term used for any type of staff. The name lacrosse is simply a reflection of this and is perhaps shorthand for the phrase ''"le jeu de la crosse"'' (the game of the hooked stick).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.askoxford.com/results/?view=dev_dict&field-12668446=lacrosse&branch=13842570&textsearchtype=exact&sortorder=score%2Cname |title=Lacrosse entry|work=[[Oxford English Dictionary|Compact Oxford English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|accessdate=2007-03-18}}</ref> [[Image:From rattlesnake hunt to hockey page 121 cropped.jpg|right|250px|thumb|[[Richmond Hill, Ontario|Richmond Hill]] "Young Canadians" lacrosse team, 1885.]] In 1856, [[Dr. William George Beers]], a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[dentist]], founded [[Montreal Lacrosse Club]] and in 1867 he codified the game, shortening the length of each game and reducing the number of players to twelve per team.<ref name="STX"/> The first game played under Beers' rules was at [[Upper Canada College]] in 1867, with Upper Canada College losing to the Toronto Cricket Club by a score of 3–1. By the 1900s, [[high school]]s, [[college]]s, and [[University|universities]] began playing the game. Lacrosse was contested as a medal sport in the [[1928 Summer Olympics|1928]] and [[1932 Summer Olympics|1932]] [[Summer Olympic Games|Olympics]]. On both occasions, rather than holding tryouts and sending an All-star amalgamation, the U.S. chose to be represented by the Johns Hopkins University Blue Jays. In the [[United States]], lacrosse had been primarily been a regional sport centered in and around [[New England]],upstate [[New York]], [[Long Island]] and the [[Mid-Atlantic States]]. In recent years however, its popularity has started to spread south to [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and [[Florida]], as well as west to [[Colorado]], [[California]], [[Texas]], and the Midwest, spurred by the sport's increasing visibility in the media, the growth of [[college]], [[high school]], and youth (or "pee wee") programs throughout the country. The NCAA Men's Lacrosse Championship is the most attended [[:Category:NCAA Championships|NCAA Championship]], outdrawing the [[Final Four]] of [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|men's basketball]].<ref>{{cite news | title = Virginia Claims National Title, and a Victory for Lacrosse | publisher = [[The New York Times]] | date = May 30, 2006}}</ref> The growth of lacrosse was also facilitated by the introduction of plastic heads in the 1970s by [[Baltimore]]-based [[STX]]. This innovation reduced the weight and cost of the lacrosse stick, and allowed for faster passes and game play than traditional wooden sticks. Up until the 1930s all lacrosse was played on large fields outdoors. Around this time the owners of Canadian hockey arenas invented a reduced version of the game, called [[box lacrosse]], as a means to make more profit from their arena investments. Through this commercialization, in a relatively short period of time, box lacrosse became the dominant form of the sport in Canada. More recently field lacrosse has witnessed a revival in Canada as the Canadian University Field Lacrosse Association ([[CUFLA]]) began operating a collegiate men's league in 1985 that now includes 12 varsity teams. In 1987 a professional [[box lacrosse]] league was started called the Eagle Pro Box Lacrosse League. Eventually this league would change its name to the [[National Lacrosse League]] and grow to encompass lacrosse clubs in twelve cities scattered throughout the United States and Canada. In the summer of 2001 a professional field lacrosse league known as [[Major League Lacrosse]] (MLL) was inaugurated. Initially starting with six teams the MLL has grown to a total of ten clubs located in major metropolitan areas throughout the United States. On July 4th 2008 Major League Lacrosse set the professional lacrosse attendance record when 20,116 fans attended a game at [[Invesco Field]] in Denver, Colorado. ==Rules== Outdoor men's lacrosse involves two teams, each competing to project a small [[Lacrosse ball|ball]] of solid [[rubber]] into the opposing team's goal. Each team starts with ten players on the field: a goalkeeper or "goalie"; three defenders in the defensive end; three midfielders free to roam the whole field; and three attackers attempting to score goals in the offensive end. [[Image:Face-off.jpg|thumb|left|A face-off.]] Each quarter starts with a “face-off” in which the ball is placed on the ground and two “face-off-men” lay their stick horizontally next to the ball, head of the stick inches from the ball and the butt-end pointing down the midfield line.<ref name = "men's rules"/> Face-off-men scrap for the ball, often by “clamping” it under their stick and flicking it out to their midfielders, who start on the wing restraining line near the sideline and sprint in when the whistle is blown to start play. Attackers and defenders cannot cross their “restraining line” until one player from the midfield takes possession of the ball.<ref name = "men's rules"/> A face-off also restarts the game after each goal. Players scoop the ball off the ground with their stick and may run carrying the ball in their stick, pass the ball through the air to other players, or throw it at the goal. In men's lacrosse, players may kick the ball, as well as cover it with their sticks, provided they do not withhold it from play. Time continues to run in dead ball situations such as in between goals, with two exceptions: when the referees deem it necessary to avoid a significant loss of playing time, for example when chasing a ball shot far away or during care of an injured player; and in the last three minutes of the fourth quarter of any men’s game.<ref name = "ilf rules">{{cite web|url=http://intlaxfed.org/pdf/rules-2005.pdf|title=Rules of Men's Field Larosse|work=[[International Lacrosse Federation]]|accessdate=2007-03-30}}</ref> Play is quite fast and fluid with typical games totaling ten to twenty goals. ===Playing Field and Equipment measurments=== [[Image:Mens lacrosse diagram.svg|thumb|250px|Diagram of a men's lacrosse field.]] The field of play is 110 yards (100 m) long and 60 yards (54 m) wide.<ref name = "men's rules">{{cite web|url=http://www.uslacrosse.org/the_sport/mens_rules.phtml|title=Men's Lacrosse Rules ''Condensed Version''|work=[[National Collegiate Athletic Association]]}}</ref> The goals are 6 feet (1.8 m) by 6 feet, containing a mesh netting similar to an [[ice hockey]] goal. The goal sits inside a circular "crease", measuring 18 feet (5.5 m) in diameter.<ref name = "men's rules"/> Behind the crease is the area designated simply as "X".One Attackman will remain at "X" in most types of [[lacrosse strategy|offensive setups]], such as chasing after a shot in which the first player to the spot where the ball went out gets possession of the ball. Each player carries a [[lacrosse stick]] measuring between 40 inches (101.6 centimeters) and 42 inches (106.68 centimeters) long (a "short crosse"), or 52 inches (132.08 centimeters) to 72 (182.88 centimeters) long (a "long crosse").<ref name = "men's rules"/> The designated goalkeeper is allowed to have a stick from 40 inches (101.6 centimeters) to 72 inches (182.88 centimeters) long. The head of the crosse on both long and short crosses must be 6.5 inches or larger at its widest point and 2.5 inches wide or wider at its narrowest point.<ref name = "men's rules"/> [[Image:Lacrosse head diagram.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The head of a men's lacrosse stick.]] The head of a goalkeeper's crosse may measure up to 15 inches (38.1 centimeters) wide, significantly larger than field players' heads to assist in blocking shots.<ref name = "men's rules"/> Goalies at the youth levels commonly use shorter crosses. Although most attackmen and midfielders utilize short crosses, defensemen carry long crosses, and one midfielder on defense may carry a long crosse.<ref name = "men's rules"/> Some teams choose to distribute their sticks differently, not uncommon because a team may only have 4 long crosses on the field during live play, excluding penalty boxes. Most modern sticks have a metal shaft, usually made of aluminum,titanium or alloys while the head is made of hard plastic. Metal shafts must have a plastic or a more popular rubber cap at the end. The heads are strung with string, leather, and mesh. The strings in the "pocket" are called shooting strings and accuracy or "v" strings. Lacrosse players must wear helmets (or eye protection for women) and [[Lacrosse glove|gloves]] and also typically wear shoulder and elbow pads and sometimes they wear rib pads.<ref name = "ilf rules" /> [[Jockstrap|Athletic supporter]]s and protective cups for all players are also strongly recommended and often required.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uslacrosse.org/the_sport/mens_rules.phtml|title=Men's Lacrosse Rules |work=[[US Lacrosse]]|accessdate=2007-07-30}}</ref> ===Positions=== ====''Attackmen''==== There are six Attackmen on the field at one time, three for each team. The Attackmen use "short-sticks"(40 inches). Attackmen must demonstrate good stick-handling with both hands. Attackmen must be able to handle the pressure of the opposing defenseman which are equipped with long sticks. Depending on the defensive scheme of the opposing team they are also the players who score most of the goals. An attackman must have a good sense of what is going on around him and where his teammates are at all times. The attackmen are also responsible for setting up in fast or slow break formation when a "middie" or clearing defenseman has a breakaway. This generally looks like an "L" with two at goal line extended (GLE) and one up towards the midfield away from the "middie" coming down. "Riding" takes place when the ball is turned over on the offensive end and the Attackmen are forced to defend the other teams defense from "Clearing" the ball to the field's opposite end.<ref>[http://www.e-lacrosse.com/laxicon.html Laxicon]</ref> ====''Midfielder''==== Commonly referred to as "middies" six Midfielders are allowed on the field at once, three for each team. They are allowed to move anywhere on the field as they play both offense and defense. There are two types of Midfielders, the defensive and offensive. The two can rotate by running off the sidelines. The Midfielders are allowed to use short-sticks and up to one long-pole. While on offense three short-sticks are generally used for their superior stick-handling. While on defense two short-sticks are used with one long-pole. Some teams have a designated face-off middie (fogo-face off get off) that takes the majority of face-offs and is usually quickly substituted after the face-off is complete. ====''Defensemen''==== In the men's game defensive players are allowed to use "long poles"(which are six feet long), while in women's lacrosse defensive players use the same type of stick as the other players on the field. The Defensemen uses his stick to throw checks and try to dislodge the ball. The "long-poles" may also play mid-field as a strategic defender, a.k.a. a Long-stick middie (LSM). Teams usually use this to anticipate losing the face-off and be stronger on defense. There are three Defensemen per team and one long stick midfielder allowed on the field at a time in NCAA and High School competition. ====''Goalkeeper''==== {{Main|Goalkeeper (field lacrosse)}} The goalkeeper's job is to prevent the ball from getting into the goal. Goalies also direct the team defense. Goalies need to be tough both physically and mentally. Also the Goalie needs to be the loudest player on the field calling the position of the ball at all times so the defense can concentrate on the man they are covering instead of where the ball is. The Goalie needs to be able to keep his composure on the field while enduring shots that are capable of reaching over 100 MPH. The Goalie is the head of the defense and usually the entire team. ==Box lacrosse== [[Image:Box Lacrosse.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A National Lacrosse League game.]] {{main|Box lacrosse}} Canadians most commonly play [[box lacrosse]], an indoor version of the game played by teams of six on ice hockey rinks where the ice has been removed or covered by artificial turf. The enclosed playing area is called a box, in contrast to the open playing field of the traditional game.<ref name="lax-101">{{cite web| url = http://nll.com/laxoverview.php| title = Lax 101| accessdate = 2007-03-19| publisher = [[National Lacrosse League]]}}</ref> This version of the game was introduced in the 1930s to promote business for hockey arenas, and within a several years had nearly supplanted field lacrosse in Canada. In box lacrosse the goal is smaller than in outdoor lacrosse, and the goaltender wears much more protective padding.<ref name="lax-101"/> There is a shot clock and the attacking team must take a shot on goal within 30 seconds of gaining possession of the ball. Cross-checking is legal in box lacrosse in contrast to the field game where it is considered a penalty. <ref name="lax-101"/> Indoor lacrosse is a version of box lacrosse played by the [[National Lacrosse League]], which employs slight rule changes from the traditional box game. Notably, the games are played during the winter,<ref name="lax-101"/> not only in regions where summer lacrosse is popular but also in regions where lacrosse is rarely played in summer. This version of the game was intended to be less violent than box lacrosse, although changes in box lacrosse rules have reduced some of its violent play and a change in indoor lacrosse rules to permit cross-checking (hitting another player with the stick with one's hands apart on the shaft) have made it more violent. The chief differences between the two forms of the indoor game now are that indoor lacrosse games consist of 4 x 15 minute quarters compared with 3 x 20 minute periods in box lacrosse, and that indoor lacrosse players may use only sticks with hollow shafts, while box lacrosse permits solid wooden sticks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nll.com/uploads/2007rulebook.pdf|title=National Lacrosse League: Official Rules|work=[[National Lacrosse League]]|accessdate=2007-03-19}}</ref> Indoor lacrosse is always played on artificial turf (sometimes called "carpet"), while box lacrosse is usually played on bare concrete.<ref name="lax-101"/> ==Women's lacrosse== [[Image:Lacrosse women.jpg|right|thumb|2005 [[NCAA Women's Lacrosse Championship]].]] {{main|Women's lacrosse}} The rules of women's lacrosse differ significantly from men's lacrosse, most notably by equipment and the degree of allowable physical contact.<ref>[http://www.womenslacrosse.org/pdfs/IFWLA_Rulebook_2007_Web.pdf 2007 IWWLA Women's Lacrosse Rules], International Federation of Women's Lacrosse Associations</ref> The first modern women's lacrosse game was held at [[St Leonards School]] in [[Scotland]] in 1890. It was introduced by the school's headmistress [[Louisa Lumsden]].<ref name=lumsden>{{cite web |url=http://www.stleonards-fife.org/Index.asp?MainID=4382 |title=History of Lacrosse at St Leonards |accessdate=2008-05-01 |last= |first= |coauthors= |date= |work=STLeonards-Fife.org |publisher=}}</ref> The first women's lacrosse team in the United States was established at [[Bryn Mawr School]] in Baltimore, Maryland. Men’s and women’s lacrosse were played under virtually the same rules, with no protective equipment, until the mid-1930s. [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] women's Lacrosse Division I began play in 1982. The [[University of Maryland, College Park]] has traditionally dominated the women's [[College athletics|intercollegiate play]], producing many head coaches across the country and many U.S. national team players. The Lady Terps won seven consecutive [[NCAA Women's Lacrosse Championship|NCAA championships]], from 1995 through 2001. [[Princeton University]]'s women's teams have made it to the final game seven times since 1993 and have won three NCAA titles, in 1993, 2002, and 2003. In recent years, [[Northwestern University]] has become a force, winning the national championship from 2005 through 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncaa.com/history/default.aspx?id=88006|title=NCAA Women's Division I Lacrosse History|publisher=NCAA.com|accessdate=2008-06-11}}</ref> Internationally, the game is commonly played in [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|British]] girls' [[independent school]]s, and while only a minor sport in [[Australia]], it is played to a very high standard at the elite level, where its national squad won the 2005 [[Women's Lacrosse World Cup]]. The next Women's World Cup will be played in 2009 hosted by [[Prague|Prague, Czech Republic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lacrosseworldcup2009.com/|title=2009 Women's Lacrosse World Cup Official website|publisher=LacrosseWorldCup2009|accessdate=2008-06-11}}</ref> ==International lacrosse== Lacrosse has been played for the most part in [[Canada]] and the [[United States]], with small but dedicated lacrosse communities in [[Great Britain]] and [[Australia]]. Recently, however, lacrosse has begun to flourish at an international level with the sport establishing itself in many new and far-reaching countries, particularly in Europe and east Asia. With lacrosse not having been an official [[Olympic sport]] since 1908, the pinnacle of international lacrosse competition consists of the quadrennial [[World Lacrosse Championship|World Championships]]. Currently, there are world championships for lacrosse at [[World Lacrosse Championship|senior men]], [[Women's Lacrosse World Cup|senior women]], [[Under-19 World Lacrosse Championships|under 19 men]] and [[Under-19 World Lacrosse Championships|under 19 women]] level. Until 1986, lacrosse world championships had only been contested by the [[United States]], [[Canada]], Six Nations, [[England]] and [[Australia]], with [[Scotland]] and [[Wales]] also competing in the women's edition. The expansion of the game internationally saw the 2005 Women's World Cup competed for by ten nations, and the [[2006 World Lacrosse Championship|2006 Men's World Championship]] was contested by 21 countries. In 2003, the first [[World Indoor Lacrosse Championship]] was contested by six nations at four sites in Ontario, Canada. Canada won the championship in a final game against the Iroquois, 21-4. The 2007 WILC was held in Halifax, Canada on from May 14-20. Teams from Australia, Canada, the Czech Republic, England, Ireland, Iroquois Nationals, Scotland and the United States competed. The next largest international field lacrosse competition is the [[European Lacrosse Championships]]. Held for both men and women, the European Lacrosse Federation (ELF) has been running the European Championships since 1995. Before 2001 the Championships were an annual event, but in 2001 the ELF changed the format to every four years between the World Championship. Before 2004, only 7 nations had ever participated, but in 2004 there was a record number of participating countries, with 12 men's and 6 women's, which made it the largest international lacrosse event of 2004. The next European Lacrosse Championships will be held in Lahti, Finland in 2008. [[Image:7473b.jpg|right|200px|thumb| A player taking a "dive shot".|right]] The World Lacrosse Championships have been dominated by the United States, particularly in the men's game, where the only world championship game losses at either level was in the 1978 final to Canada and [[2006 World Lacrosse Championship|2006 final]] to Canada. The USA has won 8 of the 10 senior men's and all five under 19 men's tournaments to date. In the women's game, Australia have provided stiffer competition, even holding a winning record against the USA of 6 wins to 5 at senior world championships, plus one draw. Despite this, the USA has won 5 of the 7 senior women's and 2 of the 3 under 19 women's tournaments to date, with the other world championships won by Australia, including the 2005 senior women's trophy. The [[Iroquois Nationals]] are a team consisting of members of the Six Nations of the [[Iroquois Confederacy]]. The team was admitted to the [[International Lacrosse Federation]] (ILF) in 1990. It is the only [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] team sanctioned to compete in any sport internationally. The Nationals placed fourth in the 1998, 2002 and 2006 [[World Lacrosse Championship]]s. ==Governing bodies== *'''[[World]] - [[International Lacrosse Federation]] / [[International Federation of Women's Lacrosse Associations]]''' **'''[[Asia]]''' ***[[China]] - [http://www.lacrosse.cn Beijing Lacrosse Development Committee] ***[[Hong Kong]] - [http://www.hku.hk/lacrosse/ Hong Kong Lacrosse Association] ***[[India]] - [http://www.geocities.com/india_lacrosse Indian National Lacrosse Federation] {{en icon}} ***[[Japan]] - [http://www.lacrosse.gr.jp Japanese Lacrosse Association] {{ja icon}} ***[[Korea]] - [http://www.lacrosse.or.kr Korean Lacrosse Association] {{ko icon}} **'''[[Europe]] - [http://www.europeanlacrosse.org/ European Lacrosse Federation]''' ***[[Austria]] - [http://www.oelaxv.com Austrian Lacrosse Association] {{de icon}} ***[[Czech Republic]] - [http://www.lacrosse.cz Czech Lacrosse Union] {{cs icon}} ***[[Denmark]] - [http://www.danishlacrosse.com Danish Lacrosse Federation] ***[[England]] - [[English Lacrosse Association]] ***[[Finland]] - [http://www.lacrosse.fi Finnish Lacrosse Association] {{fi icon}} ***[[France]] - [http://www.intercrosse.fr French Lacrosse Association] {{fr icon}} ***[[Germany]] - [http://www.dlaxv.de German Lacrosse Association] {{de icon}} ***[[Ireland]] - [http://www.irishlacrosse.com Irish Lacrosse Foundation] ***[[Italy]] - [http://www.lacrosse.it Italian Federation of Lacrosse] ***[[Latvia]] - [http://www.lacrosse.times.lv Latvian Lacrosse Federation] ***[[Netherlands]] - [http://www.nllax.nl Dutch Lacrosse Association] ***[[Norway]] - [http://www.norwegian.lacrosse.no Norwegian Lacrosse/Norges Lacrosseforbund] ***[[Poland]] - [http://www.e-lacrosse.pl Poland Lacrosse] {{pl icon}} ***[[Scotland]] - [http://www.lacrossescotland.com Lacrosse Scotland] ***[[Slovakia]] - [http://www.lacrosse.sk Slovak Lacrosse Association] {{sk icon}} ***[[Slovenia]] - [http://users.volja.net/lacrosse Slovenian Lacrosse Association] ***[[Switzerland]] - [http://www.swisslax.org/ Swiss Lacrosse Federation] ***[[Spain]] - [http://www.spainlacrosse.com/ Spanish Lacrosse Federation] ***[[Sweden]] - [http://www.lacrosse.se/ Swedish Lacrosse Association] {{sv icon}} ***[[Wales]] - [http://www.lacrossewales.com/intro/home.asp Welsh Lacrosse Association] **'''[[North America]]''' ***[[Bermuda]] - [http://bermudalacrosse.com Bermuda Lacrosse Association] ***[[Canada]] - [[Canadian Lacrosse Association]] ***[[Iroquois Confederacy]] - [http://www.iroquoisnationals.com Iroquois Nationals Lacrosse] ***[[Mexico]] - [http://www.mexicolacrosse.com/ Mexico Lacrosse] ***[[United States]] - [[US Lacrosse]] **'''[[Oceania]]''' ***[[Australia]] - [[Lacrosse in Australia|Lacrosse Australia]] ***[[New Zealand]] - [http://www.nzlacrosse.com Lacrosse New Zealand ] **'''[[South America]]''' ***[[Argentina]] - [http://www.lacrosseargentina.tk Lacrosse Argentina] {{es icon}} ==See also== {{commons|Lacrosse}} * [[History of lacrosse]] * [[Box lacrosse]] * [[Intercrosse]] * [[Women's lacrosse]] * [[Lacrosse stick]] * [[Lacrosse ball]] * [[Ontario Lacrosse Referees Association]] * [[Lacrosse strategy]] * [[College lacrosse]] == References == {{Wikisource|National Sports of Canada Act}} {{reflist}} == External links == *[http://archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-41-824/sports/lacrosse/ CBC Digital Archives - Lacrosse: A History of Canada's Game] *[http://www.insidelacrosse.com/ Inside Lacrosse: Magazine, Website and TV show for the world of lacrosse.] *[http://www.laxunited.com Lax United: Exclusive Video Coverage for the Sport of Lacrosse.] *[http://mclamag.com/ MCLA: The Lax Mag, The Official Magazine of the Men's Collegiate Lacrosse Association.] *[http://www.majorleaguelacrosse.com/ Major League Lacrosse - The professional outdoor lacrosse league.] *[http://www.nll.com/ National Lacrosse League - The professional indoor lacrosse league.] *[http://www.lacrosse.org US Lacrosse: Magazine and Website of the National Governing Body for Lacrosse in the United States.] ==Further reading== * Inside Lacrosse (2003). ''Lacrosse: North America's Game''. Baltimore, Maryland [(Inside Lacrosse)] Press. ISBN 0-9759834-0-7 * Fisher, Donald M (2002). ''Lacrosse: A History of the Game''. Baltimore, Maryland [[Johns Hopkins University]] Press. ISBN 0-8018-6938-2 * Scott, Bob (1978). ''Lacrosse: Technique and Tradition''. Baltimore, Maryland: [[Johns Hopkins University]] Press. ISBN 0-8018-2060-X * Vennum, Thomas Jr. "Lacrosse". ''Encyclopedia of North American Indians''. * Cramer, James. ''Lacrosse Equipment''. Information on Lacrosse Equipment for Men and Women. * Fink, Noah & Melissa Gaskill. 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