Lactated Ringer's solution 2018254 220635223 2008-06-20T20:31:56Z Moletrouser 4538988 [[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 220436833 by [[Special:Contributions/66.207.113.1|66.207.113.1]] ([[User talk:66.207.113.1|talk]]) '''Lactated Ringer's solution''' is a solution that is [[Tonicity|isotonic]] with [[blood]] and intended for [[intravenous therapy|intravenous administration]]. Veterinary administration may also be [[subcutaneous]]. Lactated Ringer's solution is abbreviated as "LR" or "RL". It is also known as '''Ringer's lactate solution''' (although Ringer's solution technically refers only to the saline component, without lactate). It is very similar - though not identical to - [[Hartmann's Solution]], the ionic concentrations of which differ. ==Overview== One liter of Lactated Ringer's Solution contains: * 130 [[milliequivalent|mEq]] of [[sodium]] [[ion]] = 130 [[Molarity#Molarity|mmol/L]]. * 109 mEq of [[chloride]] ion = 109 mmol/L. * 28 mEq of [[lactic acid|lactate]] = 28 mmol/L. * 4 mEq of [[potassium]] ion = 4 mmol/L. * 3 mEq of [[calcium]] ion = 1.5 mmol/L . Generally, the sodium, chloride, potassium and lactate come from NaCl ([[sodium chloride]]), NaC<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ([[sodium lactate]]), CaCl<sub>2</sub> ([[calcium chloride]]), and KCl ([[potassium chloride]]). There are slight variations for the composition for Ringer's as supplied by different manufacturers. As such, the term Ringer's Lactate should not be equated with one precise formulation.<ref>[http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=2878 DailyMed: About DailyMed<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==Development of Ringer's solution== Ringer's saline solution was invented by [[Sydney Ringer]]<ref>[http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/2119.html Ringer's solution (www.whonamedit.com)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>, a British physiologist. The solution was further modified by Alexis Hartmann for the purpose of treating [[acidosis]] in children. Hartmann modified the solution by adding lactate, which mitigates changes in [[pH]] by acting as a buffer for acid. Thus the solution became known as 'Lactated Ringer's Solution' and later, 'Hartmann's solution' <ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9165959&dopt=Abstract Is Hartmann's the solution? [Anaesthesia. 1997&#93; - PubMed Result<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==Therapy== Lactated Ringer's Solution is often used for fluid resuscitation after a [[blood loss]] due to [[Physical trauma|trauma]], [[surgery]], or a [[burn injury]]. Previously, it was used to induce urine output in patients with [[renal failure]]. Lactated Ringer's Solution is used because the byproducts of lactate metabolism in the liver counteract [[acidosis]], which is a chemical imbalance that occurs with acute fluid loss or renal failure.<ref>[http://www.drugs.com/pro/lactated_ringers.html Lactated Ringers Official FDA information, side effects and uses<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The intravenous dose of Lactated Ringer's Solution is usually calculated by estimated fluid loss and presumed fluid deficit. For fluid resuscitation the usual rate of administration is 20 to 30 ml/kg body weight/hour. Lactated Ringer's Solution is not suitable for maintenance therapy because the sodium content (130 mEq/L) is considered too high, particularly for children, whereas the potassium content (4 mEq/L) is too low, in view of electrolyte daily requirement. Other commonly used intravenous solutions include normal [[Saline (medicine)|saline]] and hespan (used in hypovolemic [[shock (medical)|shock]]). Lactated Ringer's is also used as a conduit for the delivery of drugs. Lactated Ringer's is usually given intravenously, but if a suitable vein is not found, it can be taken orally (although it has an unpleasant taste). ==See also== * [[Intravenous therapy]] * [[Oral rehydration therapy]] * [[Saline (medicine)]] * [[Hartmann's Solution]] * [[Phosphate buffered saline]] (Cell culture) ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Intravenous fluids]] [[da:Ringers væske]] [[de:Ringerlösung]] [[he:תמיסת רינגר]] [[it:Ringer_lattato]] [[pl:Roztwór Ringera]] [[pt:Soluto de Ringer]] [[zh:乳酸林格氏液]]