Lactuca 635057 213908886 2008-05-21T08:53:24Z JoJan 58781 /* External links */ - footnotes {{Taxobox | name = Lettuce | image = Lactuca_tuberosa.jpg | image_width = 200px | image_caption = ''[[Lactuca tuberosa]]'' | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Asterales]] | familia = [[Asteraceae]] | tribus = [[Cichorieae]] | genus = '''''Lactuca''''' | genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]], [[1753]] | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See text. }} '''''Lactuca''''', commonly known as [[lettuce]], is a genus of flowering plants in the Sunflower family [[Asteraceae]]. The genus includes about 100 species, distributed worldwide, but mainly in temperate [[Eurasia]]. Its best-known representative is the [[lettuce|garden lettuce]] (''Lactuca sativa''), with its many varieties. "Wild lettuce" commonly refers to the wild-growing cousins of common garden lettuce. Many species are common [[weed]]s. They are annuals or perennials. Their height can vary between 10-180 cm. They form [[Inflorescence|heads or capitula]] in panicles of yellow, brown or purple flowers in ray florets. The non-edible species may contain bitter elements. Others contain a milky juice. ''Lactuca'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of a number of [[Lepidoptera]] species - see [[list of Lepidoptera that feed on lettuces]]. [[Image:Lactuca-virosa.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Wild Lettuce (''[[Lactuca virosa]]'') <br /> from Thomé ''Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz'' 1885]] == Species == *''[[Lactuca abyssinica]]'' : ([[Ethiopia]]) *''[[Lactuca acanthifolia]]'' : ([[Crete]]) **''Lactuca acanthifolia'' f. ''amorgina'' **''Lactuca acanthifolia'' f. ''integrifolia'' : ([[Greece]], [[Turkey]]) *''[[Lactuca aculeata]]'' : ([[Asia Minor]]) *''[[Lactuca acuminata]]'' *''[[Lactuca adenophora]]'' : ([[Armenia]]) *''[[Lactuca alabamensis]]'' : ([[North America]]) *''[[Lactuca alatipes]]'' : ([[India]]) *''[[Lactuca albiflora]]'' : ([[Japan]]) *''[[Lactuca alliariaefolia]]'' : ([[Korea]]) *''[[Cicerbita alpina|Lactuca alpina]]'' : ([[Europe]]) *''[[Lactuca altaica]]'' : ([[Altai Mountains]]) *''[[Lactuca amagawaensis]]'' : (Japan) *''[[Lactuca ambigua]]'' : (Europe) *''[[Lactuca amoena]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca amorgina]]'' : (Greece) *''[[Lactuca andongensis]]'' : (tropical [[Africa]]) *''[[Lactuca angulata]]'' : (North America) *''Lactuca'' × ''aogashimaensis'' : (Japan) *''[[Lactuca arabica]]'' : (Arabian peninsula) *''[[Lactuca atlantica]]'' : (Algeria) *''[[Lactuca atropurpurea]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca attenuata]]'' : ([[Congo Basin|Congo]]) *''[[Lactuca auriculata]]'' : (Himalaya) *''[[Lactuca axillaris]]'' : (North America) *''[[Lactuca azerbaijanica]]'' : (Iran) *''[[Lactuca balmesi]]'' : (Spain) *''[[Lactuca bauhini]]'' : (France) *''[[Lactuca benthamii]]'' : (Himalaya) *''[[Lactuca biauriculata]]'' : (Korea) *''[[Lactuca biennis]]'' : Tall Blue Lettuce, Wild Blue Lettuce *''[[Lactuca blinii]]'' : (Korea) *''[[Lactuca boranensis]]'' *''[[Lactuca brachyrrhyncha]]'' (North America, Mexico) *''[[Lactuca brachyrhyncha]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca brassicaefolia]]'' : (Iran) *''[[Lactuca brevirostris]]'' : (East Asia) *''[[Lactuca calophylla]]'' : (East Africa) *''[[Lactuca campestris]]'' *''[[Lactuca canadensis]]'' : Canada Lettuce, Florida Blue Lettuce, Wild Lettuce (North America) **''Lactuca canadensis'' var. ''albocaerulea'' (North America) **''Lactuca canadensis'' f. ''angustata'' (North America) **''Lactuca canadensis'' var. ''angustifolia'' (NE USA) **''Lactuca canadensis'' f. ''angustipes'' (NE USA) **''Lactuca canadensis'' var. ''canadensis'' : Canada Lettuce **''Lactuca canadensis'' var. ''elongata'' **''Lactuca canadensis'' f. ''exauriculata'' (NE USA) **''Lactuca canadensis'' var. ''laciniata'' : (NE USA) **''Lactuca canadensis'' var. ''latifolia'' : (NE USA) **''Lactuca canadensis'' var. ''montana'' : (North America) **''Lactuca canadensis'' var. ''spinulosa'' : (North America) **''Lactuca canadensis'' f. ''stenopoda'' : (North America) **''Lactuca canadensis'' f. ''villicaulis'' : (SE USA) *''[[Lactuca canescens]]'' : (Turkestan) *''[[Lactuca capensis]]'' : (South Africa) *''[[Lactuca cataonica]]'' : (Asia Minor) [[Image:Lactucaserriola2web.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Prickly Lettuce (''[[Lactuca serriola]]'')]] *''[[Lactuca cavaleriei]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca chelidonifolia]]'' : (Japan) *''[[Lactuca chondrillaeflora]]'' : (Southern Europe) *''[[Lactuca clarkei]]'' : (Himalaya) *''[[Lactuca coerulea]]'' : (Austria) *''[[Lactuca cooperi]]'' : (India) *''[[Lactuca cornigera]]'' : (Morocco) *''[[Lactuca corymbosa]]'': (Congo) *''[[Lactuca crambifolia]]'' : (Turkestan) *''[[Lactuca crassifolia]]'' : (Socotra) *''[[Lactuca crepidioides]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca cretica]]'' : (Crete) *''[[Lactuca deasyi]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca debilis]]'' : (Japan) *''[[Lactuca decorticata]]'' : (Mediterranean) *''[[Lactuca deggeleriana]]'' : (Switzerland) *''[[Lactuca deltoidea]]'' : (Caucasus) *''[[Lactuca denticulata]]'' : (Japan) [[Image:Lactuca serriola flowers RJP 01.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Lactuca serriola'']] *''[[Lactuca dissecta]]'' : (Himalaya) *''[[Lactuca diversifolia]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca dracoglossa]]'' : (Japan) *''[[Lactuca dregeana]]'' : (South Africa) *''[[Lactuca dubyaea]]'' : (Himalaya) *''[[Lactuca dunlapii]]'' : (Cameroun) *''[[Lactuca eburnea]]'' : (Rhodos) *''[[Lactuca edelbergii]]'' : (Afghanistan) *''[[Lactuca elgonensis]]'' : (Uganda) *''[[Lactuca elongata]]'' *''[[Lactuca erythrocarpa]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca fischeriana]]'' : (Siberia) *''[[Lactuca fistulosa]]'' : (North America) *''[[Lactuca flavissima]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca floridana]]'' : Florida Lettuce, Woodland Lettuce *''[[Lactuca forrestii]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca forsteniana]]'' : (Sulawesi) *''[[Lactuca funebris]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca georgica]]'' : (Georgia, Caucasus) *''[[Lactuca gilletii]]'' : (tropical Africa) *''[[Lactuca glabra]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca glandulifera]]'' : (tropical Africa) *''[[Lactuca glareosa]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca glauciifolia]]'' : (Iran) *''[[Lactuca gombalana]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca goraeensis]]'' : (tropical Africa) [[Image:Lactuca tatarica.jpeg|thumb|right|250px|''[[Lactuca tatarica]]'']] *''[[Lactuca gracilipetiolata]]'' : (Myanmar) *''[[Lactuca graeca]]'' : (Greece) *''[[Lactuca graminifolia]]'' : Grass-leaf Lettuce, Grassleaf Lettuce (SE USA) **''Lactuca graminifolia'' var. ''arizonica'' : (Arizona, Texas, New Mexico) **''Lactuca graminifolia'' var. ''mexicana '' : (Mexico, Guatemala) *''[[Lactuca grandicolla]]'' : (Japan) *''[[Lactuca grenieri]]'' : (France) *''[[Lactuca grosii]]'' : (Spain) *''[[Lactuca haimanniana]]'' : (North Africa) *''[[Lactuca hallaisanensis]]'' ; (Korea) *''[[Lactuca henryi]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca herbanica]]'' : (Canary Islands) *''[[Lactuca heyneana]]'' : (India) *''[[Lactuca hirsuta]]'' : Hairy Lettuce (NE USA) **''Lactuca hirsuta'' f. ''calvifolia'' : (NE USA) **''Lactuca hirsuta'' var. ''genuina'' **''Lactuca hirsuta'' f. ''indivisa'' : (SE USA) *''[[Lactuca hispida]]'' : (Asia Minor) *''[[Lactuca hoatiensis]]'' : (Korea) *''[[Lactuca holophylla]]'' : (Nigeria) *''[[Lactuca homblei]]'' : (Congo) *''[[Lactuca humilis]]'' : (Ethiopia) *''[[Lactuca imbricata]]'' : (tropical Africa) *''Lactuca'' × ''impura'' : (Morocco) *''[[Lactuca indica]]'' : Indian Lettuce *''[[Lactuca inermis]]'' : (Arabian peninsula) *''[[Lactuca integra]]'' : (Philippines) *''[[Lactuca integrifolia]]'' : (North America) *''[[Lactuca intricata]]'' : (Asia Minor) *''[[Lactuca intricatissima]]'' : (Afghanistan) *''[[Lactuca intybacea]]'' : (Nicaragua) [[Image:Lactuca viminea.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''[[Lactuca viminea]]'']] *''[[Lactuca jamaicensis]]'' : (Caribbean) *''[[Lactuca japonica]]'' : (Japan) *''[[Lactuca kanitziana]]'' : (Borneo) *''[[Lactuca kashmiriana]]'' : (India) *''[[Lactuca kawaguchii]]'' : (Tibet) *''[[Lactuca keiskeana]]'' : (Japan) *''[[Lactuca kenyaensis]]'' : (Kenya) *''[[Lactuca khorasanica]]'' : (Iran) *''[[Lactuca klossii]]'' : (SE Asia) *''[[Lactuca koelzii]]'' : (Afghanistan) *''[[Lactuca kossinskyi]]'' : (Siberia) *''[[Lactuca kossmatii]]'' : (tropical Africa) *''[[Lactuca kouyangensis]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca lacerrima]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca lactucarii]]'' : (France) *''[[Lactuca lahulensis]]'' : (India) *''[[Lactuca lamii]]'' : (New Guinea) *''[[Lactuca lebrunii]]'' : (Congo) *''[[Lactuca leptocephala]]'' : (Congo) *''[[Lactuca lessertiana]]'' : (Himalaya) *''[[Lactuca leucoclada]]'' : (Afghanistan) *''[[Lactuca longespicata]]'' : (Congo) *''[[Lactuca lignea]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca longifolia]]'' : (Himalaya) *''[[Lactuca longirostra]]'' : (Japan) *''[[Lactuca ludoviciana]]'' : Biannual Lettuce, Louisiana Lettuce, Wild Lettuce (NW America) *''[[Lactuca luzonica]]'' : (Philippines) [[Image:Lactuca tuberosa 1.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Lactuca tuberosa'' fruits]] *''[[[[Lactuca macrophylla]]'' : (North America) *''[[Lactuca macrorhiza]]'' : (Himalaya) *''[[Lactuca macroseris]]'' : (tropical Africa) *''[[Lactuca maculata]]'' *''[[Lactuca malaissei]]'' : (Congo) *''[[Lactuca maritima]]'' : (North America) *''[[Lactuca marunguensis]]'' : (Congo) *''[[Lactuca massaviensis]]'' : (NE Africa, Arabia) *''[[Lactuca matsumurae]]'' : (Japan) *''[[Lactuca microcephala]]'' : (Asia Minor) *''[[Lactuca microsperma]]'' : (New Guinea) *''[[Lactuca morssii]]'' : Morss' Lettuce (NE USA) *''[[Lactuca mulgedioides]]'' : (Kurdistan) *''[[Lactuca mulsanti]]'' : (Spain) *''[[Lactuca multipes]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca muralis]]'' : (Europe) *''[[Lactuca mwinilungensis]]'' : (Zambia) *''[[Lactuca nakaiana]]'' : (Korea) *''[[Lactuca nana]]'' : (tropical Africa) *''[[Lactuca napifera]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca numidica]]'' : (Algeria) *''[[Lactuca nummularifolia]]'' : (Korea) *''[[Lactuca nuristanica]]'' : (Afghanistan) *''[[Lactuca oblongifolia]]'' : (North America) *''[[Lactuca orientalis]]'' : (Himalaya) *''[[Lactuca ovatifolia]]'' : (North America) *''[[Lactuca pakistanica]]'' : (Pakistan) *''[[Lactuca pallidicoerulea]]'' : (South Africa) *''[[Lactuca palmensis]]'' : (Canary Islands) *''[[Lactuca paradoxa]]'' : (Ethiopia) *''[[Lactuca parishii]]'' : (Thailand) *''[[Lactuca paulayana]]'' : (Socotra) [[Image:Lacvir1.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Lactuca virosa'' leaves]] *''[[Lactuca perennis]]'' : (Southern Europe) *''[[Lactuca persica]]'' : (Iran) *''[[Lactuca petrensis]]'' : (tropical Africa) *''[[Lactuca picridiformis]]'' : (Pakistan) *''[[Lactuca pilosa]]'' : (North America) *''[[Lactuca plumieri]]'' : (France) *''[[Lactuca polycephala]]'' : (India, Myanmar) *''[[Lactuca polyclada]]'' : (Iran) *''[[Lactuca polyphylla]]'' : (NW USA) *''[[Lactuca praecox]]'' : (Zimbabwe) *''[[Lactuca prattii]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca procera]]'' *''[[Lactuca procumbens]]'' : (India) *''[[Lactuca prolixa]]'' : (New Guinea) *''[[Lactuca pseudo-sonchus]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca pseudoumbrella]]'' : (Himalaya) *''[[Lactuca pulchella]]'' (NW America) *''[[Lactuca pumila]]'' : (Afghanistan) *''[[Lactuca pygmaea]]'' : (Java) *''[[Lactuca pyrenaica]]'' *''[[Lactuca quercina]]'' : (Southern Europa, Caucasus) *''[[Lactuca quercus]]'' : (Korea) *''[[Lactuca querna]]'' : (Caspian Sea) *''[[Lactuca racemosa]]'' : (Armenia) [[Image:Sla-kiemend.jpg|thumb|right|290px|seedlings of [[Lettuce|cultivated lettuce]] ''L. sativa'']] *''[[Lactuca raddiana]]'' : (Japan) *''[[Lactuca ramosissima]]'' : (France) *''[[Lactuca rapunculoides]]'' : (Himalaya) *''[[Lactuca rariflora]]'' : (Ethiopia) *''[[Lactuca repens]]'' : (Japan) *''[[Lactuca retrorsidens]]'' : (Borneo) *''[[Lactuca reviersiana]]'' : (Morocco) *''[[Lactuca reviersii]]'' : (Morocco) *''[[Lactuca riparia]]'' : (Thailand) *''[[Lactuca rogersii]]'' : (Madagascar) *''[[Lactuca rosularis]]'' : (Iran) *''[[Lactuca rubrolutea]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca sagittata]]'' : (Southern Europe, Asia Minor) *''[[Lactuca salehensis]]'' : (tropical Africa) *''[[Lactuca saligna]]'' : Willow-leaf Lettuce, Willowleaf Lettuce (Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor) *''[[Lactuca sanguinea]]'' *''[[Lactuca sassandrensis]]'' : (Ivory Coast) *''[[Lactuca sativa]]'' : Garden Lettuce, Lettuce *''[[Lactuca scandens]]'' : (China) *''[[[[Lactuca scariola]]'' : (Europe) *''[[Lactuca scarioloides]]'' : (Iran) *''[[Lactuca schulzeana]]'' : (Angola) *''[[Lactuca schweinfurthii]]'' : (tropical Africa) *''[[Lactuca scoparia]]'' : (Afghanistan) *''[[Lactuca semibarbata]]'' : (Congo) *''[[Lactuca senecio]]'' : (Korea) [[Image:Kropsla vruchten (Lactuca sativa fruits).jpg|thumb|right|250px|fruits of cultivated lettuce ''L. sativa'']] *''[[Lactuca sereti]]'' : (tropical Africa) *''[[Lactuca serratifolia]]'' : (Spain) *''[[Lactuca serriola]]'' : Prickly Lettuce, China Lettuce, Wild Lettuce (Southern Europe) *''[[Lactuca seticuspis]]'' : (Syria) *''[[Lactuca setosa]]'' : (tropical Africa) *''[[Lactuca sibirica]]'' : (Siberia) *''[[Lactuca sonchifolia]]'' : (Europe) *''[[Lactuca sonchoides]]'' : (Asia Minor) *''[[Lactuca songeensis]]'' : (Tanzania) *''[[Lactuca soongarica]]'' *''[[Lactuca souliei]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca spicata]]'' *''[[Lactuca spinidens]]'' : (Siberia) *''[[Lactuca stebbinsii]]'' : (Angola) *''[[Lactuca steelei]]'' : (North America) *''[[Lactuca stenocephala]]'' : (Nigeria) *''[[Lactuca stipulata]]'' : (Congo) *''[[Lactuca stolonifera]]'' : (Japan) *''[[Lactuca sylvatica]]'' : (NW USA) *''[[Lactuca taitoensis]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca taliiensis]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca taquetii]]'' : (Korea) *''[[Lactuca taraxacifolia]]'' : (tropical Africa) *''[[Lactuca taraxacum]]'' : (Korea) *''[[Lactuca tatarica]]'' : Blue Lettuce, Chickory Lettuce, Russian Blue Lettuce (Asia, India) *''[[Lactuca tenerrima]]'' : (Southern Europe, Morocco) *''[[Lactuca terrae-novae]]'' : Newfoundland Lettuce (Newfoundland) [[Image:Lettuce in bloom after bolting.jpeg|thumb|right|250px|''L. sativa'' plant blooming]] *''[[Lactuca tetrantha]]'' : (Cyprus) *''[[Lactuca thibetica]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca thirionni]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca thunbergii]]'' : (Japan) *''[[Lactuca tinctociliata]]'' : (Angola) *''[[Lactuca tricostata]]'' : (tropical Africa) *''[[Lactuca trifida]]'' : (China) *''[[Lactuca triquetra]]'' : (Syria) *''[[Lactuca tsarongensis]]'' : (Tibet) *''[[Lactuca tuberosa]]'' : (Guinea) *''[[Lactuca ugandensis]]'' : (Congo, Uganda) *''[[Lactuca umbellata]]'' : (New Guinea) *''[[Lactuca undulata]]'' var. ''albicaulis '' : (China) *''[[Lactuca vanderysti]]'' : (Congo) *''[[Lactuca vanensis]]'' : (Armenia) *''[[Lactuca vaniotii]]'' : (Korea) *''[[Lactuca varianii]]'' : (Angola) *''[[Lactuca verdickii]]'' : (tropical Africa) *''[[Lactuca villosa]]'' *''[[Lactuca viminea]]'': (Mediterranean) *''[[Lactuca virosa]]'': Wild Lettuce, Bitter Lettuce (Europe) *''[[Lactuca visianii]]'' : (Europe) *''[[Lactuca wallichiana]]'' : (Afghanistan, Nepal) *''[[Lactuca watsoniana]]'' : (Azores) *''[[Lactuca welwitschii]]'' : (Madagascar, Angola) *''[[Lactuca wilhelmsiana]]'' : (Armenia) *''[[Lactuca yemensis]]'' : (Arabian peninsula) *''[[Lactuca zambeziaca]]'' : (Angola, Zambia) == Footnotes == {{reflist}} ==External links== *[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?609,1466 Jepson Manual Treatment] *[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LACTU USDA Plants Profile: North American Species] [[Category:Asteraceae]] [[da:Salat]] [[de:Lattiche]] [[es:Lactuca]] [[eo:Laktuko]] [[fr:Laitue]] [[ko:왕고들빼기속]] [[nl:Sla]] [[ja:アキノノゲシ属]] [[pl:Sałata]] [[pt:Lactuca]] [[sv:Sallater]] [[vi:Chi Rau diếp]]