Lactuca
635057
213908886
2008-05-21T08:53:24Z
JoJan
58781
/* External links */ - footnotes
{{Taxobox
| name = Lettuce
| image = Lactuca_tuberosa.jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = ''[[Lactuca tuberosa]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asterales]]
| familia = [[Asteraceae]]
| tribus = [[Cichorieae]]
| genus = '''''Lactuca'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]], [[1753]]
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
'''''Lactuca''''', commonly known as [[lettuce]], is a genus of flowering plants in the Sunflower family [[Asteraceae]]. The genus includes about 100 species, distributed worldwide, but mainly in temperate [[Eurasia]].
Its best-known representative is the [[lettuce|garden lettuce]] (''Lactuca sativa''), with its many varieties. "Wild lettuce" commonly refers to the wild-growing cousins of common garden lettuce. Many species are common [[weed]]s. They are annuals or perennials. Their height can vary between 10-180 cm. They form [[Inflorescence|heads or capitula]] in panicles of yellow, brown or purple flowers in ray florets.
The non-edible species may contain bitter elements. Others contain a milky juice.
''Lactuca'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of a number of [[Lepidoptera]] species - see [[list of Lepidoptera that feed on lettuces]].
[[Image:Lactuca-virosa.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Wild Lettuce (''[[Lactuca virosa]]'') <br /> from Thomé ''Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz'' 1885]]
== Species ==
*''[[Lactuca abyssinica]]'' : ([[Ethiopia]])
*''[[Lactuca acanthifolia]]'' : ([[Crete]])
**''Lactuca acanthifolia'' f. ''amorgina''
**''Lactuca acanthifolia'' f. ''integrifolia'' : ([[Greece]], [[Turkey]])
*''[[Lactuca aculeata]]'' : ([[Asia Minor]])
*''[[Lactuca acuminata]]''
*''[[Lactuca adenophora]]'' : ([[Armenia]])
*''[[Lactuca alabamensis]]'' : ([[North America]])
*''[[Lactuca alatipes]]'' : ([[India]])
*''[[Lactuca albiflora]]'' : ([[Japan]])
*''[[Lactuca alliariaefolia]]'' : ([[Korea]])
*''[[Cicerbita alpina|Lactuca alpina]]'' : ([[Europe]])
*''[[Lactuca altaica]]'' : ([[Altai Mountains]])
*''[[Lactuca amagawaensis]]'' : (Japan)
*''[[Lactuca ambigua]]'' : (Europe)
*''[[Lactuca amoena]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca amorgina]]'' : (Greece)
*''[[Lactuca andongensis]]'' : (tropical [[Africa]])
*''[[Lactuca angulata]]'' : (North America)
*''Lactuca'' × ''aogashimaensis'' : (Japan)
*''[[Lactuca arabica]]'' : (Arabian peninsula)
*''[[Lactuca atlantica]]'' : (Algeria)
*''[[Lactuca atropurpurea]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca attenuata]]'' : ([[Congo Basin|Congo]])
*''[[Lactuca auriculata]]'' : (Himalaya)
*''[[Lactuca axillaris]]'' : (North America)
*''[[Lactuca azerbaijanica]]'' : (Iran)
*''[[Lactuca balmesi]]'' : (Spain)
*''[[Lactuca bauhini]]'' : (France)
*''[[Lactuca benthamii]]'' : (Himalaya)
*''[[Lactuca biauriculata]]'' : (Korea)
*''[[Lactuca biennis]]'' : Tall Blue Lettuce, Wild Blue Lettuce
*''[[Lactuca blinii]]'' : (Korea)
*''[[Lactuca boranensis]]''
*''[[Lactuca brachyrrhyncha]]'' (North America, Mexico)
*''[[Lactuca brachyrhyncha]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca brassicaefolia]]'' : (Iran)
*''[[Lactuca brevirostris]]'' : (East Asia)
*''[[Lactuca calophylla]]'' : (East Africa)
*''[[Lactuca campestris]]''
*''[[Lactuca canadensis]]'' : Canada Lettuce, Florida Blue Lettuce, Wild Lettuce (North America)
**''Lactuca canadensis'' var. ''albocaerulea'' (North America)
**''Lactuca canadensis'' f. ''angustata'' (North America)
**''Lactuca canadensis'' var. ''angustifolia'' (NE USA)
**''Lactuca canadensis'' f. ''angustipes'' (NE USA)
**''Lactuca canadensis'' var. ''canadensis'' : Canada Lettuce
**''Lactuca canadensis'' var. ''elongata''
**''Lactuca canadensis'' f. ''exauriculata'' (NE USA)
**''Lactuca canadensis'' var. ''laciniata'' : (NE USA)
**''Lactuca canadensis'' var. ''latifolia'' : (NE USA)
**''Lactuca canadensis'' var. ''montana'' : (North America)
**''Lactuca canadensis'' var. ''spinulosa'' : (North America)
**''Lactuca canadensis'' f. ''stenopoda'' : (North America)
**''Lactuca canadensis'' f. ''villicaulis'' : (SE USA)
*''[[Lactuca canescens]]'' : (Turkestan)
*''[[Lactuca capensis]]'' : (South Africa)
*''[[Lactuca cataonica]]'' : (Asia Minor)
[[Image:Lactucaserriola2web.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Prickly Lettuce (''[[Lactuca serriola]]'')]]
*''[[Lactuca cavaleriei]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca chelidonifolia]]'' : (Japan)
*''[[Lactuca chondrillaeflora]]'' : (Southern Europe)
*''[[Lactuca clarkei]]'' : (Himalaya)
*''[[Lactuca coerulea]]'' : (Austria)
*''[[Lactuca cooperi]]'' : (India)
*''[[Lactuca cornigera]]'' : (Morocco)
*''[[Lactuca corymbosa]]'': (Congo)
*''[[Lactuca crambifolia]]'' : (Turkestan)
*''[[Lactuca crassifolia]]'' : (Socotra)
*''[[Lactuca crepidioides]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca cretica]]'' : (Crete)
*''[[Lactuca deasyi]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca debilis]]'' : (Japan)
*''[[Lactuca decorticata]]'' : (Mediterranean)
*''[[Lactuca deggeleriana]]'' : (Switzerland)
*''[[Lactuca deltoidea]]'' : (Caucasus)
*''[[Lactuca denticulata]]'' : (Japan)
[[Image:Lactuca serriola flowers RJP 01.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Lactuca serriola'']]
*''[[Lactuca dissecta]]'' : (Himalaya)
*''[[Lactuca diversifolia]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca dracoglossa]]'' : (Japan)
*''[[Lactuca dregeana]]'' : (South Africa)
*''[[Lactuca dubyaea]]'' : (Himalaya)
*''[[Lactuca dunlapii]]'' : (Cameroun)
*''[[Lactuca eburnea]]'' : (Rhodos)
*''[[Lactuca edelbergii]]'' : (Afghanistan)
*''[[Lactuca elgonensis]]'' : (Uganda)
*''[[Lactuca elongata]]''
*''[[Lactuca erythrocarpa]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca fischeriana]]'' : (Siberia)
*''[[Lactuca fistulosa]]'' : (North America)
*''[[Lactuca flavissima]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca floridana]]'' : Florida Lettuce, Woodland Lettuce
*''[[Lactuca forrestii]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca forsteniana]]'' : (Sulawesi)
*''[[Lactuca funebris]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca georgica]]'' : (Georgia, Caucasus)
*''[[Lactuca gilletii]]'' : (tropical Africa)
*''[[Lactuca glabra]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca glandulifera]]'' : (tropical Africa)
*''[[Lactuca glareosa]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca glauciifolia]]'' : (Iran)
*''[[Lactuca gombalana]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca goraeensis]]'' : (tropical Africa)
[[Image:Lactuca tatarica.jpeg|thumb|right|250px|''[[Lactuca tatarica]]'']]
*''[[Lactuca gracilipetiolata]]'' : (Myanmar)
*''[[Lactuca graeca]]'' : (Greece)
*''[[Lactuca graminifolia]]'' : Grass-leaf Lettuce, Grassleaf Lettuce (SE USA)
**''Lactuca graminifolia'' var. ''arizonica'' : (Arizona, Texas, New Mexico)
**''Lactuca graminifolia'' var. ''mexicana '' : (Mexico, Guatemala)
*''[[Lactuca grandicolla]]'' : (Japan)
*''[[Lactuca grenieri]]'' : (France)
*''[[Lactuca grosii]]'' : (Spain)
*''[[Lactuca haimanniana]]'' : (North Africa)
*''[[Lactuca hallaisanensis]]'' ; (Korea)
*''[[Lactuca henryi]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca herbanica]]'' : (Canary Islands)
*''[[Lactuca heyneana]]'' : (India)
*''[[Lactuca hirsuta]]'' : Hairy Lettuce (NE USA)
**''Lactuca hirsuta'' f. ''calvifolia'' : (NE USA)
**''Lactuca hirsuta'' var. ''genuina''
**''Lactuca hirsuta'' f. ''indivisa'' : (SE USA)
*''[[Lactuca hispida]]'' : (Asia Minor)
*''[[Lactuca hoatiensis]]'' : (Korea)
*''[[Lactuca holophylla]]'' : (Nigeria)
*''[[Lactuca homblei]]'' : (Congo)
*''[[Lactuca humilis]]'' : (Ethiopia)
*''[[Lactuca imbricata]]'' : (tropical Africa)
*''Lactuca'' × ''impura'' : (Morocco)
*''[[Lactuca indica]]'' : Indian Lettuce
*''[[Lactuca inermis]]'' : (Arabian peninsula)
*''[[Lactuca integra]]'' : (Philippines)
*''[[Lactuca integrifolia]]'' : (North America)
*''[[Lactuca intricata]]'' : (Asia Minor)
*''[[Lactuca intricatissima]]'' : (Afghanistan)
*''[[Lactuca intybacea]]'' : (Nicaragua)
[[Image:Lactuca viminea.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''[[Lactuca viminea]]'']]
*''[[Lactuca jamaicensis]]'' : (Caribbean)
*''[[Lactuca japonica]]'' : (Japan)
*''[[Lactuca kanitziana]]'' : (Borneo)
*''[[Lactuca kashmiriana]]'' : (India)
*''[[Lactuca kawaguchii]]'' : (Tibet)
*''[[Lactuca keiskeana]]'' : (Japan)
*''[[Lactuca kenyaensis]]'' : (Kenya)
*''[[Lactuca khorasanica]]'' : (Iran)
*''[[Lactuca klossii]]'' : (SE Asia)
*''[[Lactuca koelzii]]'' : (Afghanistan)
*''[[Lactuca kossinskyi]]'' : (Siberia)
*''[[Lactuca kossmatii]]'' : (tropical Africa)
*''[[Lactuca kouyangensis]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca lacerrima]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca lactucarii]]'' : (France)
*''[[Lactuca lahulensis]]'' : (India)
*''[[Lactuca lamii]]'' : (New Guinea)
*''[[Lactuca lebrunii]]'' : (Congo)
*''[[Lactuca leptocephala]]'' : (Congo)
*''[[Lactuca lessertiana]]'' : (Himalaya)
*''[[Lactuca leucoclada]]'' : (Afghanistan)
*''[[Lactuca longespicata]]'' : (Congo)
*''[[Lactuca lignea]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca longifolia]]'' : (Himalaya)
*''[[Lactuca longirostra]]'' : (Japan)
*''[[Lactuca ludoviciana]]'' : Biannual Lettuce, Louisiana Lettuce, Wild Lettuce (NW America)
*''[[Lactuca luzonica]]'' : (Philippines)
[[Image:Lactuca tuberosa 1.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Lactuca tuberosa'' fruits]]
*''[[[[Lactuca macrophylla]]'' : (North America)
*''[[Lactuca macrorhiza]]'' : (Himalaya)
*''[[Lactuca macroseris]]'' : (tropical Africa)
*''[[Lactuca maculata]]''
*''[[Lactuca malaissei]]'' : (Congo)
*''[[Lactuca maritima]]'' : (North America)
*''[[Lactuca marunguensis]]'' : (Congo)
*''[[Lactuca massaviensis]]'' : (NE Africa, Arabia)
*''[[Lactuca matsumurae]]'' : (Japan)
*''[[Lactuca microcephala]]'' : (Asia Minor)
*''[[Lactuca microsperma]]'' : (New Guinea)
*''[[Lactuca morssii]]'' : Morss' Lettuce (NE USA)
*''[[Lactuca mulgedioides]]'' : (Kurdistan)
*''[[Lactuca mulsanti]]'' : (Spain)
*''[[Lactuca multipes]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca muralis]]'' : (Europe)
*''[[Lactuca mwinilungensis]]'' : (Zambia)
*''[[Lactuca nakaiana]]'' : (Korea)
*''[[Lactuca nana]]'' : (tropical Africa)
*''[[Lactuca napifera]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca numidica]]'' : (Algeria)
*''[[Lactuca nummularifolia]]'' : (Korea)
*''[[Lactuca nuristanica]]'' : (Afghanistan)
*''[[Lactuca oblongifolia]]'' : (North America)
*''[[Lactuca orientalis]]'' : (Himalaya)
*''[[Lactuca ovatifolia]]'' : (North America)
*''[[Lactuca pakistanica]]'' : (Pakistan)
*''[[Lactuca pallidicoerulea]]'' : (South Africa)
*''[[Lactuca palmensis]]'' : (Canary Islands)
*''[[Lactuca paradoxa]]'' : (Ethiopia)
*''[[Lactuca parishii]]'' : (Thailand)
*''[[Lactuca paulayana]]'' : (Socotra)
[[Image:Lacvir1.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Lactuca virosa'' leaves]]
*''[[Lactuca perennis]]'' : (Southern Europe)
*''[[Lactuca persica]]'' : (Iran)
*''[[Lactuca petrensis]]'' : (tropical Africa)
*''[[Lactuca picridiformis]]'' : (Pakistan)
*''[[Lactuca pilosa]]'' : (North America)
*''[[Lactuca plumieri]]'' : (France)
*''[[Lactuca polycephala]]'' : (India, Myanmar)
*''[[Lactuca polyclada]]'' : (Iran)
*''[[Lactuca polyphylla]]'' : (NW USA)
*''[[Lactuca praecox]]'' : (Zimbabwe)
*''[[Lactuca prattii]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca procera]]''
*''[[Lactuca procumbens]]'' : (India)
*''[[Lactuca prolixa]]'' : (New Guinea)
*''[[Lactuca pseudo-sonchus]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca pseudoumbrella]]'' : (Himalaya)
*''[[Lactuca pulchella]]'' (NW America)
*''[[Lactuca pumila]]'' : (Afghanistan)
*''[[Lactuca pygmaea]]'' : (Java)
*''[[Lactuca pyrenaica]]''
*''[[Lactuca quercina]]'' : (Southern Europa, Caucasus)
*''[[Lactuca quercus]]'' : (Korea)
*''[[Lactuca querna]]'' : (Caspian Sea)
*''[[Lactuca racemosa]]'' : (Armenia)
[[Image:Sla-kiemend.jpg|thumb|right|290px|seedlings of [[Lettuce|cultivated lettuce]] ''L. sativa'']]
*''[[Lactuca raddiana]]'' : (Japan)
*''[[Lactuca ramosissima]]'' : (France)
*''[[Lactuca rapunculoides]]'' : (Himalaya)
*''[[Lactuca rariflora]]'' : (Ethiopia)
*''[[Lactuca repens]]'' : (Japan)
*''[[Lactuca retrorsidens]]'' : (Borneo)
*''[[Lactuca reviersiana]]'' : (Morocco)
*''[[Lactuca reviersii]]'' : (Morocco)
*''[[Lactuca riparia]]'' : (Thailand)
*''[[Lactuca rogersii]]'' : (Madagascar)
*''[[Lactuca rosularis]]'' : (Iran)
*''[[Lactuca rubrolutea]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca sagittata]]'' : (Southern Europe, Asia Minor)
*''[[Lactuca salehensis]]'' : (tropical Africa)
*''[[Lactuca saligna]]'' : Willow-leaf Lettuce, Willowleaf Lettuce (Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor)
*''[[Lactuca sanguinea]]''
*''[[Lactuca sassandrensis]]'' : (Ivory Coast)
*''[[Lactuca sativa]]'' : Garden Lettuce, Lettuce
*''[[Lactuca scandens]]'' : (China)
*''[[[[Lactuca scariola]]'' : (Europe)
*''[[Lactuca scarioloides]]'' : (Iran)
*''[[Lactuca schulzeana]]'' : (Angola)
*''[[Lactuca schweinfurthii]]'' : (tropical Africa)
*''[[Lactuca scoparia]]'' : (Afghanistan)
*''[[Lactuca semibarbata]]'' : (Congo)
*''[[Lactuca senecio]]'' : (Korea)
[[Image:Kropsla vruchten (Lactuca sativa fruits).jpg|thumb|right|250px|fruits of cultivated lettuce ''L. sativa'']]
*''[[Lactuca sereti]]'' : (tropical Africa)
*''[[Lactuca serratifolia]]'' : (Spain)
*''[[Lactuca serriola]]'' : Prickly Lettuce, China Lettuce, Wild Lettuce (Southern Europe)
*''[[Lactuca seticuspis]]'' : (Syria)
*''[[Lactuca setosa]]'' : (tropical Africa)
*''[[Lactuca sibirica]]'' : (Siberia)
*''[[Lactuca sonchifolia]]'' : (Europe)
*''[[Lactuca sonchoides]]'' : (Asia Minor)
*''[[Lactuca songeensis]]'' : (Tanzania)
*''[[Lactuca soongarica]]''
*''[[Lactuca souliei]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca spicata]]''
*''[[Lactuca spinidens]]'' : (Siberia)
*''[[Lactuca stebbinsii]]'' : (Angola)
*''[[Lactuca steelei]]'' : (North America)
*''[[Lactuca stenocephala]]'' : (Nigeria)
*''[[Lactuca stipulata]]'' : (Congo)
*''[[Lactuca stolonifera]]'' : (Japan)
*''[[Lactuca sylvatica]]'' : (NW USA)
*''[[Lactuca taitoensis]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca taliiensis]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca taquetii]]'' : (Korea)
*''[[Lactuca taraxacifolia]]'' : (tropical Africa)
*''[[Lactuca taraxacum]]'' : (Korea)
*''[[Lactuca tatarica]]'' : Blue Lettuce, Chickory Lettuce, Russian Blue Lettuce (Asia, India)
*''[[Lactuca tenerrima]]'' : (Southern Europe, Morocco)
*''[[Lactuca terrae-novae]]'' : Newfoundland Lettuce (Newfoundland)
[[Image:Lettuce in bloom after bolting.jpeg|thumb|right|250px|''L. sativa'' plant blooming]]
*''[[Lactuca tetrantha]]'' : (Cyprus)
*''[[Lactuca thibetica]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca thirionni]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca thunbergii]]'' : (Japan)
*''[[Lactuca tinctociliata]]'' : (Angola)
*''[[Lactuca tricostata]]'' : (tropical Africa)
*''[[Lactuca trifida]]'' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca triquetra]]'' : (Syria)
*''[[Lactuca tsarongensis]]'' : (Tibet)
*''[[Lactuca tuberosa]]'' : (Guinea)
*''[[Lactuca ugandensis]]'' : (Congo, Uganda)
*''[[Lactuca umbellata]]'' : (New Guinea)
*''[[Lactuca undulata]]'' var. ''albicaulis '' : (China)
*''[[Lactuca vanderysti]]'' : (Congo)
*''[[Lactuca vanensis]]'' : (Armenia)
*''[[Lactuca vaniotii]]'' : (Korea)
*''[[Lactuca varianii]]'' : (Angola)
*''[[Lactuca verdickii]]'' : (tropical Africa)
*''[[Lactuca villosa]]''
*''[[Lactuca viminea]]'': (Mediterranean)
*''[[Lactuca virosa]]'': Wild Lettuce, Bitter Lettuce (Europe)
*''[[Lactuca visianii]]'' : (Europe)
*''[[Lactuca wallichiana]]'' : (Afghanistan, Nepal)
*''[[Lactuca watsoniana]]'' : (Azores)
*''[[Lactuca welwitschii]]'' : (Madagascar, Angola)
*''[[Lactuca wilhelmsiana]]'' : (Armenia)
*''[[Lactuca yemensis]]'' : (Arabian peninsula)
*''[[Lactuca zambeziaca]]'' : (Angola, Zambia)
== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?609,1466 Jepson Manual Treatment]
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LACTU USDA Plants Profile: North American Species]
[[Category:Asteraceae]]
[[da:Salat]]
[[de:Lattiche]]
[[es:Lactuca]]
[[eo:Laktuko]]
[[fr:Laitue]]
[[ko:왕고들빼기속]]
[[nl:Sla]]
[[ja:アキノノゲシ属]]
[[pl:Sałata]]
[[pt:Lactuca]]
[[sv:Sallater]]
[[vi:Chi Rau diếp]]