Lak language 3253085 209465822 2008-05-01T14:52:35Z Amire80 210028 [[Category:Northeast Caucasian languages]] {{Infobox Language |name=Lak |nativename=лакку маз (''lakku maz'') |region=Southern [[Dagestan]] |speakers=120,000 |script=[[Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]] (Lak variant) |familycolor=Caucasian |fam1=[[North Caucasian languages|North Caucasian]] |fam2=[[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] |iso2=cau|iso3=lbe }} '''Lak language''' (лакку маз, ''lakku maz'') is the language of the [[Lak people (Dagestan)|Lak people]] from the [[Russia]]n autonomous republic of [[Dagestan]], where it is one of six literary languages. It is spoken by over 150,000 people and belongs to the Nakh-Daghestanian branch of [[North Caucasian languages]]. In the past it was also referred to as Гьази-Кьумукь (''Hazi-Q’umuq’''), which was [[transliteration|transliterated]] via [[Russian language|Russian]] as Кази-Кумук (''Kazi-Kumuk'') or Каси-Кумук (''Kasi-Kumuk''). The literary standard is based on the dialect of the city of Kumuk. This city should not be confused with the Turkic [[Kumyk]] ethnic group also present in the [[Caucasus]]. Other major dialects are the Arakul, Shadnin, Khosrekh, and Vitskhi (Wicxi, Vicxi) dialects. Until [[1928]], the [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic script]] was used to display the language. Afterwards it was written in the [[Latin alphabet|Latin script]] for ten years, and since [[1938]] it has been written with the [[Cyrillic alphabet]]. Lak has throughout the centuries adopted a number of [[loan word]]s from [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Persian language|Persian]], and [[Russian language|Russian]]. Ever since [[Dagestan]] was part of the [[USSR]], the largest portion of loanwords have come from [[Russian language|Russian]], especially political and technical vocabulary. There is a newspaper and broadcasting station in Lak. == Orthography == {| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF" | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Аь аь | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Б б | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | В в | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Г г | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Гъ гъ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Гь гь | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Д д |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Е е | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ё ё | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ж ж | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | З з | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | И и | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Й й | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | К к | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Къ къ |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Кь кь | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | КI кI | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Л л | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | М м | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Н н | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | О о | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Оь Оь | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | П п |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ПI пI | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Р р | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | С с | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Т т | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ТI тI | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | У у | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ф ф | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Х х |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Хъ хъ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Хь хь | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ХI хI | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ц ц | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ЦI цI | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ч ч | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ЧI чI | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ш ш |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Щ щ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ъ ъ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ы ы | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ь ь | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Э э | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ю ю | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Я я | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | I |} ==External links== {{Interwiki|code=lbe}} *[http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~wschulze/Lak.htm Lak Grammar by Wolfgang Schulze] *[http://www.writingsystems.net/languages/lak/index.htm Lak writing systems] *[http://www.lakia.net/ ''Lak House''] — Lak culture and society site *[http://lakia.fastbb.ru/ ''Лакку Билаят''] — Lak national forum {{lang-stub}} [[Category:Northeast Caucasian languages]] [[Category:Languages of Russia]] [[Category:Endangered languages]] [[Category:Dagestan]] [[be-x-old:Лакская мова]] [[br:Lakeg (Dagestan)]] [[ca:Lak]] [[cv:Лак чĕлхи]] [[de:Lakische Sprache]] [[es:Idioma lak]] [[fr:Lak]] [[ko:라크어]] [[is:Lak]] [[lbe:Лакку маз]] [[pl:Język lakijski]] [[pt:Língua lak]] [[ru:Лакский язык]] [[fi:Lakin kieli]] [[th:ภาษาลัก]] [[tr:Lakça]] [[uk:Лакська мова]]