Lak language
3253085
209465822
2008-05-01T14:52:35Z
Amire80
210028
[[Category:Northeast Caucasian languages]]
{{Infobox Language
|name=Lak
|nativename=лакку маз (''lakku maz'')
|region=Southern [[Dagestan]]
|speakers=120,000
|script=[[Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]] (Lak variant)
|familycolor=Caucasian
|fam1=[[North Caucasian languages|North Caucasian]]
|fam2=[[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]]
|iso2=cau|iso3=lbe
}}
'''Lak language''' (лакку маз, ''lakku maz'') is the language of the [[Lak people (Dagestan)|Lak people]] from the [[Russia]]n autonomous republic of [[Dagestan]], where it is one of six literary languages. It is spoken by over 150,000 people and belongs to the Nakh-Daghestanian branch of [[North Caucasian languages]]. In the past it was also referred to as Гьази-Кьумукь (''Hazi-Q’umuq’''), which was [[transliteration|transliterated]] via [[Russian language|Russian]] as Кази-Кумук (''Kazi-Kumuk'') or Каси-Кумук (''Kasi-Kumuk''). The literary standard is based on the dialect of the city of Kumuk. This city should not be confused with the Turkic [[Kumyk]] ethnic group also present in the [[Caucasus]]. Other major dialects are the Arakul, Shadnin, Khosrekh, and Vitskhi (Wicxi, Vicxi) dialects.
Until [[1928]], the [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic script]] was used to display the language. Afterwards it was written in the [[Latin alphabet|Latin script]] for ten years, and since [[1938]] it has been written with the [[Cyrillic alphabet]].
Lak has throughout the centuries adopted a number of [[loan word]]s from [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Persian language|Persian]], and [[Russian language|Russian]]. Ever since [[Dagestan]] was part of the [[USSR]], the largest portion of loanwords have come from [[Russian language|Russian]], especially political and technical vocabulary.
There is a newspaper and broadcasting station in Lak.
== Orthography ==
{| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Аь аь
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Б б
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | В в
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Г г
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Гъ гъ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Гь гь
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Д д
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Е е
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ё ё
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ж ж
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | З з
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | И и
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Й й
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | К к
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Къ къ
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Кь кь
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | КI кI
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Л л
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | М м
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Н н
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | О о
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Оь Оь
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | П п
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ПI пI
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Р р
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | С с
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Т т
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ТI тI
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | У у
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ф ф
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Х х
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Хъ хъ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Хь хь
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ХI хI
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ц ц
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ЦI цI
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ч ч
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ЧI чI
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ш ш
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Щ щ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ъ ъ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ы ы
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ь ь
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Э э
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ю ю
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Я я
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | I
|}
==External links==
{{Interwiki|code=lbe}}
*[http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~wschulze/Lak.htm Lak Grammar by Wolfgang Schulze]
*[http://www.writingsystems.net/languages/lak/index.htm Lak writing systems]
*[http://www.lakia.net/ ''Lak House''] — Lak culture and society site
*[http://lakia.fastbb.ru/ ''Лакку Билаят''] — Lak national forum
{{lang-stub}}
[[Category:Northeast Caucasian languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Russia]]
[[Category:Endangered languages]]
[[Category:Dagestan]]
[[be-x-old:Лакская мова]]
[[br:Lakeg (Dagestan)]]
[[ca:Lak]]
[[cv:Лак чĕлхи]]
[[de:Lakische Sprache]]
[[es:Idioma lak]]
[[fr:Lak]]
[[ko:라크어]]
[[is:Lak]]
[[lbe:Лакку маз]]
[[pl:Język lakijski]]
[[pt:Língua lak]]
[[ru:Лакский язык]]
[[fi:Lakin kieli]]
[[th:ภาษาลัก]]
[[tr:Lakça]]
[[uk:Лакська мова]]