Lamella (mycology)
1470725
225401008
2008-07-13T14:12:03Z
Mycologyauthor
5074347
{{otheruses|Lamella}}
[[Image:Mushroom gills on lepiota.JPG|thumb|Mushroom gills]]
A '''gill''', or '''lamella''', is one of the papery ribs under the cap of a mushroom, most often but not always an [[agaric]]. As fungi are studied in more detail, several other types of fungi exhibit gills while not members of the [[Agaricales]]. It is now clear that this is a case of [[convergent evolution]] (i.e. gill-like structures evolved separately) rather than being an anatomic feature that evolved only once. The apparent reason that various basidiomycetes have evolved gills is that it is the most effective means of increasing the ratio of surface area to mass, which increases the potential for spore production and dispersal.
Other groups of fungi to bear gills include:
*The genera ''[[Russula]]'' and ''[[Lactarius]]'' of the [[Russulales]].
*Several genera in the [[Boletales]], including ''[[Gomphidius]]'' and ''[[Chroogomphus]]'' as well as ''[[Tapinella atrotomentosa]]'' (which has been traditionally named ''[[Paxillus atrotomentosus]]'') and other species in that genus, the False chanterelle (''[[Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca]]'').
*Such polypore-like fungi such as ''Daedalea quercina,'' ''Daedaleopsis confragosa,'' ''Lenzites betulina,'' and ''Gloeophyllum sepiarium.''
The gills are the [[hymenophore]] of the mushroom.
==Classification==
Morphologically, gills are classified into the following types:
<div align="center"><gallery>
image:Adnate_gills_icon2.svg|Adnate
image:Adnexed_gills_icon2.svg|Adnexed
image:Decurrent_gills_icon2.svg|Decurrent
image:Emarginate_gills_icon2.svg|Emarginate
image:Free_gills_icon2.svg|Free
image:Seceding gills icon2.svg|Seceding
image:Sinuate gills icon2.svg|Sinuate
image:Subdecurrent gills icon2.svg|Subdecurrent
</gallery></div>
==External links==
*[http://www.ilmyco.gen.chicago.il.us/Terms/gill314.html IMA Mycological Glossary: Gill]
[[Category:Fungal morphology and anatomy]]
{{fungus-stub}}
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