Languages of Spain
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Valencian sign language
{{Languages of
| country = Spain<ref>http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf</ref>
| official = [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| unofficial =
| regional =
''Official''
[[Catalan language|Catalan/Valencian]], [[Basque language|Basque]], [[Galician language|Galician]], [[Aranese language|Aranese]]
''Unofficial''
[[Aragonese language|Aragonese]], [[Astur-Leonese language|Astur-Leonese]] ([[Asturian language|Asturian]], [[Leonese language|Leonese]], [[Cantabrian language|Cantabrian]], [[Extremaduran language|Extremaduran]]), [[Eonavian]], [[Fala language]], [[Tarifit language|Tarifit]], as well as some distinct [[Spanish_dialects_and_varieties#Spain|varieties of Spanish]] and the [[Silbo|Gomeran whistled language]]
| minority =
| foreign = [[English language|English]] (27%) <br> [[French language|French]] (12%) <br> [[German language|German]] (2%) <br> [[Maghrebi Arabic]] <br> [[Romanian language|Romanian]]
| keyboard = Spanish [[QWERTY]]
| keyboard image = [[Image:KB Spanish.svg|200px]]
| sign = [[Spanish Sign Language]] <br> [[Catalan Sign Language]] <br> [[Valencian Sign Language]]
}}
The '''Languages of Spain''' are the languages spoken or once spoken in [[Spain]].
==Modern==
[[Image:Spain languages.PNG|thumb|left|300px|'''The languages of Spain''' (simplified)
{| width="100%" style="background:none;"
| align=top |{{legend|#FF0000|'''[[Spanish language|Spanish]]''' }}
{{legend|#FF33FF|'''[[Catalan language|Catalan]]''', co-official }}
{{legend|#339999|'''[[Basque language|Basque]]''', co-official }}
{{legend|#FFFF99|'''[[Galician language|Galician]]''', co-official }}
| align=top |{{legend|#009900|'''[[Astur-Leonese language]]''', unofficial }}
{{legend|#9999FF|'''[[Aragonese language|Aragonese]]''', unofficial }}
{{legend|#33FF66|'''[[Aranese language|Aranese]], co-official (dialect of [[Occitan language|Occitan]])'''}}
{{legend|#3a713a|'''[[Extremaduran language|Extremaduran]]''', unofficial }}
{{legend|#a06511|'''[[Fala language|Fala]]''', unofficial }}
|}]]
The most prominent of the languages of Spain is [[Spanish language|Spanish]], which nearly everyone in Spain can speak as either first or second language. Other languages figure prominently in many regions:
* [[Basque language|Basque]] in parts of the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] and [[Navarre]].
* [[Catalan language|Catalan]] in [[Catalonia]], [[La Franja|eastern Aragon]], and the [[Balearic Islands]] and (in the same [[dialect continuum]]), as a variant of this, [[Valencian]] in the [[Valencian Community]].
* [[Galician language|Galician]] in [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] (to some extent, it also forms a dialectal continuum with [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]).
* [[Aranese language|Aranese]] in the [[Pyrenees|Pyrenean]] [[comarques of Catalonia|comarca]] of [[Val d'Aran]], in north-western [[Catalonia]]. It is a variety of [[Gascon language|Gascon]], which in turn is a variety of the [[Occitan language]], but has its own standard version.
Spanish is official throughout the country; the rest of these have co-official status in their respective regions, and are widespread enough to have daily newspapers and significant book publishing and media presence in these regional languages. In the case of Catalan, it is the main language used by their regional government and local administrations. Aranese is co-official alongside both Spanish and Catalan. A number of citizens in these regions consider their [[regional language]] as their primary language and Spanish as secondary.
Spanish itself also has distinct dialects around the country; for example, the [[Andalusian Spanish|Andalusian]] or [[Canarian Spanish|Canarian]] dialects, each of these with their own subvarieties, some of them being partially closer to the Spanish of [[the Americas]], which they heavily influenced at different degrees, depending on the regions or periods, and according to different and non-homogeneous migrating or colonization processes.
In addition to these, there are a series of seriously endangered languages, which had traditionally been disregarded or considered dialects by [[Romance studies]] until the last decades. These are:
* [[Astur-Leonese language|Astur-Leonese]]: [[Asturian language|Asturian]] in [[Asturias]] and [[Leonese language|Leonese]] in parts of the former [[Kingdom of León]].
* [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]] in [[Aragon]] (mainly [[Upper Aragon]]).
Three little sets of dialects are of difficult filiation: [[Fala language|Fala]], a variety of its own mostly adscribed to the Galician-Portuguese group; [[Eonavian]], a dialect continuum between Asturian and Galician, closer to the latter according to several linguists; and [[Benasquese]], a dialect continuum between Aragonese, Catalan and even Aranese, considered either as an extreme Eastern Aragonese dialect or as a transitional dialect of its own.
With the exception of Basque, which appears to be a [[language isolate]], all of the languages present in Spain are [[Romance languages]].
[[Arabic language|Arabic]] (including Ceuta [[Darija]]) or [[Berber language|Berber]] (mainly [[Tarifit language|Riffean]]) are spoken by the Muslim population of [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]] and by recent immigrants (mainly from Morocco and Algeria) elsewhere.
==Portuguese language in Spain==
In [[Galicia]], the mutual relationship between [[Galician language|Galician]] and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] has caused some minor controversy since some linguists consider the former a part of the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] language, although the more widespread view in the academic world is that Galician is a separate language closely related to Portuguese (see [[Reintegrationism]], [[dialect continuum]]).
[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] is spoken in:
*[[San Martín de Trevejo]] (''Sa Martin de Trevellu''), [[Eljas]] (''As Elhas'') and [[Valverde del Fresno]] (''Valverdi du Fresnu''), in the [[Valley of Jálama]] (''Val de Xálima''), ([[Cáceres (province)|Cáceres Province]]) (in the dialect called [[Fala language|A Fala]]).
*[[Olivenza]] ([[Badajoz (province)|Badajoz Province]]) - Although disappearing since the Spanish take over.
*[[Cedillo]] or ''Cedilho'' horn (including [[Herrera de Alcántara]] or ''Ferreira de Alcântara'').
*Various villages in the [[Galicia (Spain)|Galician]] border with [[Portugal]].
None of these situations are protected by the [[Spanish Government]] nor [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Regional Governments]], and not even by some form of support from the [[Government of Portugal]].
==Historically==
Other languages have been extensively spoken in the territory of modern Spain:
*[[Andalusi Arabic]]
*[[Celtic languages]]
**[[Celtiberian language]]
**[[Gallaecian language]]
*[[Lusitanian language]]
*[[Guanche]]
*[[Galician-Portuguese]]
*[[Gothic language]]
*[[Iberian language]]
*[[Judeo-Catalan]]
*[[Latin language]]
*[[Ladino language|Ladino]]
*[[Mozarabic language]]s
*[[Romany language]]
*[[Tartessian language]]
==Variants==
There are also variants of these languages proper to Spain, either dialect, cants or pidgins:
*[[Barallete]]
*[[Bron language|Bron]]
*[[Caló]]
*[[Cheli]]
*[[Fala dos arxinas]]
*[[Gacería]]
*[[Germanía]]
*[[Inglés de escalerilla]]
==Further information==
*[[Aragonese language]]
*[[Astur-Leonese language]]
**[[Asturian language]]
**[[Extremaduran language]]
**[[Leonese language]]
**[[Cantabrian language]]
*[[Basque language]] (Euskara)
*[[Catalan language]]
*[[Valencian]]
*[[Fala language]]
*[[Galician language|Galician]] (Galego)
*[[Gascon language]]
**[[Aranese language]]
*[[Ladino language|Ladino]] (Judaeo-Spanish, Sefardi, etc.)
*[[Occitan language]]
*[[Spanish language]] (''castellano'')
**[[Names given to the Spanish language]]
* [[Sign Language|Signed languages]]
**[[Spanish Sign Language]] (''Lengua de Signos Española'', LSE).
**[[Catalan Sign Language]] (''Llengua de Signes Catalana'', LSC).
**[[Valencian Sign Language]] (''Llengua de Signes de la Comunitat Valenciana'', LSCV).
*[[Language politics in Francoist Spain]]
==See also==
*[[Iberian languages]]
*[[Languages of Portugal]]
*[[Iberian Romance languages]]
*[[Language politics in Spain under Franco]] for the attempt to uniformize the languages of Spain reducing them to Spanish only.
== References ==
<references/>
==External links==
*[http://www.arqueotavira.com/Mapas/Iberia/Populi.htm Detailed Ethno-Linguistic map of Pre-Roman Iberia (around 200 BC)]
*[http://www.proel.org/lenguas2.html Detailed linguistic map of Spain]
{{Languages of Europe}}
[[Category:Languages of Spain| ]]
[[Category:Paleo-Iberian languages]]
[[Category:Extinct languages of Europe]]
[[ast:Llingües d'España]]
[[ca:Llengües d'Espanya]]
[[es:Idiomas de España]]
[[eo:Lingvoj de Hispanio]]
[[eu:Espainiako hizkuntzak]]
[[fr:Langues d'Espagne]]
[[gl:Idiomas de España]]
[[ko:스페인의 언어]]
[[it:Lingue della Spagna]]
[[pt:Línguas da Espanha]]
[[ru:Языки Испании]]
[[uk:Мови Іспанії]]
[[zh:西班牙语言]]