Last Chance Saloon 734708 223094652 2008-07-02T15:26:36Z 71.76.6.87 /* General use */ {{Orphan|date=May 2008}} [[Image:Heinolds.jpg|right|thumb|Heinold's First and Last Chance]] '''Last Chance Saloon''' was a popular name of a type of [[Bar (establishment)#United States|bar]] in the [[United States]] which began to appear in the [[19th Century]] as an early expression of [[border#border economics|border economics]]. Saloons situated near areas where [[alcoholic beverage|alcohol]] was not easily obtainable frequently took the name as a literal indication to customers that this was their final opportunity to imbibe before progressing to an area where obtaining, selling or drinking alcoholic drinks was [[prohibition in the United States#19th_century|prohibited]]. The phrase "last chance saloon" also has common English [[metaphor]]ical use, based upon this historical context. ==A lot of "last chances"== While the term refers to actual places that existed, it does not refer to a ''singular'' place. Many saloons on the border of [[Dry county|dry areas]] incorporated the phrase "last chance" into their name. Of the many saloons so named, two have found particular notoriety, to the extent that they may be sometimes be referred to today with a [[definite article]], as in "''The'' Last Chance Saloon". The first is one in [[Caldwell, Kansas]]. Dating from [[1869]], it was the last place travellers could legally buy liquor before moving into [[Indian territory]], where alcohol was banned. It gained prominence during an incident in [[1874]], when a [[posse comitatus (common law)|posse]] from Caldwell burned down the building, after erroneously believing that the objects of their search were inside. Because of this fire, it does not exist today, but the building's site is currently [[Historical marker|marked]] by the State of Kansas as a place of historical interest.<ref>[http://caldwellkansas.com/images/History/History_Markers_Zoom/LastChanceZoom.jpg] Photograph of the Last Chance Saloon historical marker</ref> The second is the "Heinold's First and Last Chance" in [[Oakland, California]]. It was opened in [[1883]]. Located on the docks of Oakland, it would have been the last chance for drinkers to imbibe before falling under the [[jurisdiction]] of their boat's captain. While it wasn't a ''legally'' dry area, a boat could often be ''practically'' dry. Even if a captain chose to allow alcohol, it would have been relatively scarce and usually tightly regulated—if the boat's [[Hold (ship)|hold]] had space for it at all. Thus, Heinhold's saloon served precisely the same practical function as the Caldwell example. It was made arguably more famous because noted American author [[Jack London]] was an irregular patron. When in Oakland, London drank there often, gleaning insight from the tales of world-traveling sailors.<ref>[http://www.heinoldsfirstandlastchance.com/history.shtml A history of Heinold's First and Last Chance Saloon]</ref> Not only is the saloon commemorated by name in London's works, it is recognized by the California State historical marker program, the [[National Literary Landmark]] scheme, and the [[National Register of Historical Places]]. Nevertheless, it continues as a working business, maintained privately for the benefit of locals and [[tourists]]. Technically, both of these businesses were also signed as "First Chance" saloons, as the proprietors wanted to market their business for travellers, irrespective of their customers' direction of travel.<ref>[http://skyways.lib.ks.us/history/lastchan.html] A bit of history about Caldwell's Last Chance</ref> The name persists in the naming of modern bars, though it is not always associated with the original meaning. Bars nowhere close to a dry county are sometimes named "Last Chance Saloon" as an [[homage]] to the earlier establishments. There are (First and) Last Chance Saloons in the phone books of almost every American state.<ref>[http://www.yellowpages.com/sp/yellowpages/ypresults.jsp?t=0&v=2&s=1&q=last+chance+saloon&st=MI&_requestid=420700] Random yellowpages.com search for "Last Chance Saloon" in Michigan. Using the form to try other states will reveal how prolific the name is in the United States today.</ref> ==As an English metaphor== ===General use=== In everyday speech, by both American and [[United Kingdom|British]] speakers of [[English language|English]], the term has been adopted to describe a situation beyond which hope or good fortune will greatly diminish.{{Quote|This is the last chance saloon. If we again fail to improve the performance of our schools I believe it is time to look at the reintroduction of selection at the age of 13, to reintroduce grammar schools which were the great escape route for the working class in post-war Britain.|David Frost of the British Chambers of Commerce|<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/6560199.stm] Anonymous. "'Last chance saloon' for schools". BBC News. 16 April 2007.</ref>}} Because of its infrequent use in relation to alcohol or bars, "last chance saloon" is usually employed as a [[Metaphor#Types of metaphor|paralogical metaphor]]. The expression often lends itself to newspaper headlines, as it describes a complex situation in a relatively scant number of letters. In a famous example, [[John Major]]'s [[1995 in politics|1995]] attempt to stave off critics by calling for a [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] leadership election was famously headlined in ''[[The Independent]]'' as "John Major's Last Chance Saloon"<ref>"John Major's Last Chance Saloon". ''The Independent''. 23 May 1995. p. 1.</ref>—but there are many others.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4060091.stm] Reynolds, Paul. "Last chance saloon for UN?". BBC News. 1 December 2004.</ref> ===British automotive journalism=== A subset of the general use for the term is its use among British automotive journalists. Because [[saloon (car)|saloon]] has a uniquely British automotive meaning, applying the phrase "last chance saloon" to a story about cars is effectively a [[double entendre]]. Thus, it is common to see the phrase applied to the automotive industry. For example, the launch of the [[Rover 75]] was humorously described by the then BMW owners as "Rover's Last Chance Saloon", and [[Cerberus Capital Management|Cerberus]]' 2007 acquisition of [[Chrysler]] has been called ''that'' car manufacturer's "last chance saloon".<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2007/05/15/cchrysler15.xml] Litterick, David. "Last chance saloon for an icon". ''The Daily Telegraph'' 16 May 2007.</ref> ===British sports journalism=== The phrase has a specialized use in British sport. In youth sport, it specifically defines a qualifying round of competition—the "Last Chance Saloon Round"—comprised of students from schools who don't have a mechanism in place to determine a winner at the local level.<ref>[http://www.sccu.ndo.co.uk/j.htm] Listing of typical roundup of an athletic tournament in the UK. Search for the phrase "last chance saloon".</ref> Because a Last Chance Saloon Round does not connote anything substandard about a participatns' skills, but merely the way in which their school participates in regional tournaments, this usage is slightly different than how it is used in Britain to describe professional sport. Sports commentators and fans will often use the phrase in conjunction with professional or [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] athletics to speak of a waning team or player's last opportunity to make good on their talents.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/content/articles/2006/10/25/wilf_on_bruce_last_chance_feature.shtml] A discussion of the state of the Birmingham Blues</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/low/funny_old_game/2002292.stm] Charles, Chris. "Roy of the Rovers". BBC Sport Online. 23 May 2002.</ref> ===Urban slang=== Another popular use of the expression is quite specific to bars. Singles can describe a late night bar as their "last chance saloon" to mean that it's their final opportunity in an evening to meet a potential sexual partner.<ref>Graudins, Charles A. ''How to Be A DJ''. Course Technology PTR (2004). p. 51.</ref> ==In Popular Culture== ===Literature=== *British author [[Marian Keyes]] released a novel called ''Last Chance Saloon'', which saw its first US printing in [[2001 in literature|2001]]. Set in small-town [[Ireland]], it was the story of several single women in their early 30s who reach a point of decision in their personal lives. The novel was well-received, earning a place on [[Amazon.com]]'s "Best of 2001" list.<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/0380820293] Amazon listing for ''Last Chance Saloon'' by Marian Keyes.</ref> ===Music=== *[[Bluebear|Bluebear's]] [[2002 in music|2002]] album was named ''Food Fight at the Last Chance Saloon''. *[[The Bluetones]] released an album in [[1998 in music|1998]] entitled ''[[Return to the Last Chance Saloon]]''. ===Television and film=== *In ''[[Doctor Who]]'', the fictitious Last Chance Saloon in [[Tombstone, Arizona]] was the focus of the [[First Doctor]] serial, ''[[The Gunfighters]]'' ([[1996 in television|1966]]). It is there that the [[Gunfight at the O.K. Corral|Clanton brothers]] hang out for most of the story, ready to shoot either The [[Doctor (Doctor Who)|Doctor]] (mistaken for [[Doc Holliday]]) or [[Steven Taylor (Doctor Who)|Steven]] or [[Dodo Chaplet|Dodo]]. ''The Ballad of the Last Chance Saloon'' is the musical piece that is heard at various places through the serial, underscoring the threat and humour of the story. However, the sale of alcohol wasn't restricted anywhere close to Tombstone, and indeed the area's booming mining economy at the time of ''The Gunfighters'', made saloons a vital part of the economy. Two of the first saloons in Tombstone were the Crystal Palace and the Oriental,<ref>[http://www.americanwest.com/pages/tombston.htm] History of Tombstone, Arizona</ref> and they provide an interesting template on which to judge the accuracy of the ''Gunfighters'' saloon. In the serial, music is shown as being provided by a stand-up piano and a single, female singer of dubious repute. In reality, the Oriental and Crystal Palace (along with the approximately 50 ''other'' saloons in business at the time of ''Gunfighters'') were ironically styled after more staid British saloons, providing patrons with classical music, rendered by the city's brass band or visiting [[chamber music|chamber]] artists. Saloons in prosperous Tombstone were further more or less restricted to men only, and were also [[casino]]s.<ref> [http://www.wildwestinfo.com/index1_files/page0003.htm] Monahan, Sherry. ''Tombstone's Treasure: Silver Mines & Saloons''. University of New Mexico Press. 2007.</ref> Thus, as with other historical details surrounding ''The Gunfighters'', writer [[Donald Cotton]] was far off the historical mark with his "Last Chance Saloon". *In ''[[Red Dwarf (television)|Red Dwarf]]'', the Last Chance Saloon was the saloon in [[Kryten]]'s subconscious when he was battling the Armageddon virus in "Gunmen of the Apocalypse". *In [[Xiaolin Showdown]], the Last Chance Saloon is where the monks fight a live painting of a cowboy. ==References== {{reflist|2}} [[Category:Doctor Who locations]] [[Category:Fictional bars and inns]]