Latin
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Aramgar
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/* Nouns */ restored traditional order.
{{otheruses6|Latins}}
{{Infobox Language
|name=Latin
|nativename={{lang|la|Lingua Latīna}}
|pronunciation=/laˈtiːna/
|states=[[Vatican City]]
|speakers= Native: none<br />Second Language Fluent: estimated at 5,000{{Fact|date=April 2007}}<br />Second Language Literate: estimated 25,000{{Fact|date=April 2007}}
|extinct=[[Vulgar Latin|Late Latin]] developed into various [[Romance languages]] by the 9th century ([[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[French language|French]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]] and [[Romanian language|Romanian]], among others)
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=[[Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3=[[Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|nation={{flagicon|Vatican City}} [[Vatican City]]<br><small>Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech</small>
|agency=Opus Fundatum Latinitas<br />([[Roman Catholic Church]])
|iso1=la|iso2=lat|iso3=lat}}
'''Latin''' (''lingua Latīna'', {{pronounced|laˈtiːna}}) is an [[Italic language]], historically spoken in [[Latium]] and [[Ancient Rome]]. Through [[Military history of the Roman Empire|Roman conquest]], Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe. It later evolved into such languages as [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[Catalan language|Catalan]]. It was also the international language of science and scholarship in central and western Europe until the 17th century. There are two varieties of Latin: [[Classical Latin]], the literary dialect used in poetry and prose, and [[Vulgar Latin]], the form of the language spoken by ordinary people, which later diverged into the various [[Romance languages]]. After the rise of the [[Catholic Church]], [[Medieval Latin]], the ecclesiastical language of the [[Catholic Church]], became the [[lingua franca]] of educated classes in the West.
Around the 16th century, the popularity of [[Medieval Latin]] began to decline. Vulgar Latin, however, was preserved as a spoken language in much of Europe, and by the 9th century diverged into the various [[Romance languages| Romance languages]]. Classical Latin lives on in the form of [[Ecclesiastical Latin]] used for edicts and papal bulls issued by the Catholic Church. Much Latin vocabulary is used in [[science]], [[academia]], and [[law]]. [[Classical Latin]], the [[literary language]] of the late Republic and early Empire, is still taught in many primary, grammar, and secondary schools, often combined with [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] in the study of [[Classics]], though its role has diminished since the early 20th century. The [[Latin alphabet]], together with its modern variants such as the [[English alphabet|English]], [[Spanish alphabet|Spanish]] and [[French alphabet|French]] alphabets, is the most widely used alphabet in the world.
==History==
{{main|History of Latin}}
[[Image:Duenos inscription.jpg|thumb|right| The [[Duenos inscription]], from the 6th century BC, is the earliest known [[Old Latin]] text.]]
Latin is a member of the [[Italic languages]]. Its [[Latin alphabet|alphabet]] is based on the [[Old Italic alphabet]], derived from the [[Greek alphabet]]. In the [[9th century BC|9th]] or 8th century BC, the Italic languages were brought to the [[Italian peninsula]] by migrating tribes, and the dialect spoken in [[Latium]] around the River [[Tiber]], where [[ancient Rome|Roman civilization]] would develop, evolved into Latin.
Although surviving [[Roman literature]] consists almost entirely of [[Classical Latin]], the actual spoken language of the Western Roman Empire among ordinary people was what is known as [[Vulgar Latin]], which differed from Classical Latin in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
Although Latin long remained the legal and governmental language of the Roman Empire, [[Greek language|Greek]] was the secondary language of the well-educated elite, as much of the literature and philosophy studied by upper-class Romans was written in Greek. In the eastern half of the Roman Empire, which would become the [[Byzantine Empire]] after the final split of the Eastern and [[Western Roman Empire]]s in 395, Greek eventually supplanted Latin as the legal and governmental language; and it had long been the lingua franca of Eastern citizens of all classes.
===Orthography===
{{main|Latin alphabet}}
[[Image:Hocgracili.jpg|thumb|250px|A replica of the Old Roman Cursive inspired by the [[Vindolanda tablets]]]]
[[Image:Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The language of [[ancient Rome|Rome]] has had a profound impact on later cultures, as demonstrated by this [[Ecclesiastical Latin|Latin]] [[Bible]] from 1407]]
To write Latin, the Romans used the [[Latin alphabet]], derived from the [[Old Italic alphabet]], which itself was derived from the [[Greek alphabet]]. The Latin alphabet flourishes today as the writing system for Romance, Celtic, Germanic (including English), some Slavic (such as Polish), and many other languages.
The [[Ancient Rome|ancient Romans]] did not use [[punctuation]], [[macrons]] (although they did use [[apex (diacritic)|apices]] to distinguish between long and short vowels), the letters ''j'', ''u'' or ''w'', [[lower case|lowercase]] letters (although they did have a cursive script), or [[interword spacing]] (though dots were occasionally placed between words that would otherwise be difficult to distinguish). So, a sentence originally written as:
:LVGETEOVENERESCVPIDINESQVE
would be rendered in a modern edition as
:Lugete, O Veneres Cupidinesque
or with macrons
:Lūgēte, Ō Venerēs Cupīdinēsque
and translated as
:Mourn, O Venuses and Cupids
The [[Roman cursive]] script is commonly found on the many [[wax tablet]]s excavated at sites such as forts, an especially extensive set having been discovered at [[Vindolanda tablets|Vindolanda]] on [[Hadrian's Wall]] in [[Great Britain|Britain]].
===Legacy===
The [[Campaign history of the Roman military|expansion of the Roman Empire]] spread Latin throughout Europe, and, eventually, [[Vulgar Latin]] began to diverge into various dialects. Vulgar Latin gradually evolved into a number of distinct [[Romance languages]] by the 9th century. These were for many centuries only oral languages, Latin still being used for writing.
For example, Latin was still the official language of [[Portugal]] until 1296 when it was replaced by [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]. Many of these "daughter" languages, including [[Italian language|Italian]], [[French language|French]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], and [[Romanian language|Romanian]] flourished, the differences between them growing greater and more formal over time.
Out of the Romance languages, [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]] is the most conservative in terms of [[phonology]],<ref>[http://www.askoxford.com/languages/culturevulture/italy/diedialect/ Foreign Languages: Italian], specifically, ''"Sardinian in fact conserves many archaic features from Latin which disappeared in Italian, such as the hard k-sound in words like '''chelu''', where Italian has '''cielo'''."''</ref> though Italian is the most conservative descendant of Latin in terms of vocabulary{{clarifyme|June 2008}}<ref>{{cite book |last= Grimes |first= Barbara F. |editor= Barbara F. Grimes |others= Consulting Editors: Richard S. Pittman & Joseph E. Grimes |title= Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition= thirteenth edition |year= 1996 |month= October |publisher= [[Ethnologue|Summer Institute of Linguistics, Academic Pub]] |location= Dallas, Texas |isbn= 1-55671-026-7}}</ref>.
Some of the differences between Classical Latin and the Romance languages have been used in attempts to reconstruct Vulgar Latin. For example, the Romance languages have distinctive [[stress (linguistics)|stress]] on certain syllables, whereas Latin had this feature in addition to distinctive [[vowel length|length of vowels]]. In Italian and [[Sardo logudorese]], there is distinctive length of consonants as well as stress; in Spanish and Portuguese, only distinctive stress; while in French length (for most speakers) and stress are no longer distinctive. Another major distinction between Romance and Latin is that all Romance languages, excluding [[Romanian language|Romanian]], have lost [[grammatical case]]<ref>[http://www.lrc.columbia.edu/lrc/?q=node/194 Columbia University Language Resource Center]</ref>.
There has also been a major [[Latin influence in English]]. Although [[English language|English]] is [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] in grammar, its vocabulary is mostly [[Italic languages|Italic]]. Sixty percent of the English vocabulary has its roots in Latin (although much of this is indirect, mostly via Anglo-Norman and French). In the medieval period, much of this borrowing occurred through ecclesiastical usage established by Saint [[Augustine of Canterbury]] in the 6th century, or indirectly after the [[Norman Conquest]], through the [[Anglo-Norman language]].
From the 16th to the 18th centuries, English writers cobbled together huge numbers of new words from Latin and Greek roots. These words were dubbed "[[inkhorn]]" or "[[inkpot]]" words, as if they had spilled from a pot of ink. Many of these words were used once by the author and then forgotten, but some were so useful that they survived. ''Imbibe'', ''extrapolate'', ''dormant'', and ''employer'' are all inkhorn terms created from Latin words. Many of the most common [[polysyllabic]] "English" words are simply adapted Latin forms, in a large number of cases adapted by way of [[Old French]].
Latin mottos are used as guidelines by many organizations.
==Pronunciation==
{{main|Latin spelling and pronunciation}}
==Grammar==
{{main|Latin grammar}}
Latin is a [[Synthetic language|synthetic]], [[fusional language]]: [[affix]]es (often suffixes, which usually encode more than one grammatical category) are attached to fixed [[stem (linguistics)|stem]]s to express [[grammatical gender|gender]], [[grammatical number|number]], and [[grammatical case|case]] in [[adjective]]s, [[noun]]s, and [[pronoun]]s—a process called ''[[declension]]''. Affixes are attached to fixed stems of verbs, as well, to denote [[grammatical person|person]], number, [[grammatical tense|tense]], [[grammatical voice|voice]], [[grammatical mood|mood]], and [[grammatical aspect|aspect]]—a process called ''[[grammatical conjugation|conjugation]]''.
===Nouns===
{{main|Latin declension}}
There are six main Latin [[noun]] cases. These play a major part in determining a noun's syntactic role in the sentence, so word order is not as important in Latin as it is in some other languages, such as English. Because of noun cases, words can often be moved around in a sentence without significantly altering its meaning, though the emphasis will have been altered. The cases, with their most important uses, are these:
# [[Nominative]]: used when the noun is the subject of the sentence or phrase, or when functioning as a [[Predicative (adjectival or nominal)|predicative]] of the subject. (i.e., '''''Puer''' currit.'' The boy runs.)
# [[Genitive]]: used when the noun is the possessor of an object (example: "the horse of the man", or "the man's horse" - in both of these cases, the word ''man'' would be in the genitive case when translated into Latin). Also indicates material of which something greater is made of (example: "a group of people"; "a number of gifts"—''people'' and ''gifts'' would be in the genitive case). Some nouns are genitive with special verbs and adjectives too. (i.e., The cup is full of wine. ''Poculum plenum '''vini''' est.'' The master of the slave beats him. ''Dominus servi eum verberat.'')
# [[Dative case|Dative]]: used when the noun is the indirect object of the sentence, with special verbs, with certain prepositions, and if used as agent, reference, or even possessor. (i.e., The merchant hands over the toga to the woman. ''Mercator '''feminae''' togam tradit.'')
# [[Accusative case|Accusative]]: used when the noun is the direct object of the sentence/phrase, with certain prepositions, or as the subject of an infinitive. (i.e., ''Ancilla '''vinum''' portat.'' The slave girl carries the wine.)
# [[Ablative]]: used when the noun demonstrates separation or movement from a source, cause, [[agent (grammar)|agent]], or [[instrumental case|instrument]], or when the noun is used as the object of certain prepositions; adverbial.
# [[Vocative]]: used when the noun is used in a direct address. The vocative form of a noun is the same as the nominative except for second declension nouns ending in -us. The -us becomes an -e or if it ends in -ius (such as filius) then the ending is just -i (fili) (as opposed to the plural nominative (filii). (i.e., "Master!" shouted the slave. ''"'''Domine'''!" servus clamavit.'')
There is also a seventh case, called the [[Locative case]], used to indicate a location (corresponding to the English "in" or "at"). This is far less common than the other six cases of Latin nouns and usually applies to place names, especially of cities. In the first and second declension singular, its form coincides with the genitive (''Roma'' becomes ''Romae'', "in Rome"). In the plural, and in the other declensions, it coincides with the dative and ablative (''Athenae'' becomes ''Athenis'', "at Athens").
Latin lacks [[article (grammar)|articles]]; thus ''puer currit'' can mean either "the boy runs" or "a boy runs".
===Verbs===
{{main|Latin conjugation}}
Verbs in Latin are usually identified by four main [[Latin conjugation|conjugations]], groups of verbs with similarly inflected forms. The first conjugation is typified by active infinitive forms ending in ''-āre'', the second by active infinitives ending in ''-ēre'', the third by infinitives ending in ''-ere'', and the fourth by active infinitives ending in ''-īre''. However, there are exceptions to these rules. Further, there is a subset of the 3rd conjugation, the ''-iō'' verbs, which behave somewhat like the 4th conjugation. There are six general [[grammatical tense|tense]]s in Latin (present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect), four [[grammatical mood]]s (indicative, infinitive, imperative and subjunctive), six [[grammatical person|person]]s (first, second, and third, each in singular and plural), two [[grammatical voice|voice]]s (active and passive), and a few [[grammatical aspect|aspect]]s. Verbs are described by four principal parts:
# The first principal part is the first person, singular, present tense, and it is the indicative mood form of the verb.
# The second principal part is the active, present tense, infinitive form of the verb.
# The third principal part is the first person, singular, perfect tense, active indicative mood form of the verb.
# The fourth principal part is the supine form, or alternatively, the participial form, nominative case, singular, perfect tense, passive voice participle form of the verb. The fourth principal part can show either one gender of the participle, or all three genders (''-us'' for masculine, ''-a'' for feminine, and ''-um'' for neuter). It can also be the future participle when that verb cannot be made passive.
==Instruction in Latin==
{{main|Instruction in Latin}}
[[Image:Latin dictionary.jpg|thumb|250px|A multi-volume Latin dictionary in the [[University Library of Graz]]]]
The linguistic element of Latin courses offered in secondary schools and in universities is primarily geared toward an ability to translate Latin texts into modern languages, rather than using it for the purpose of oral communication. As such, the skills of reading and writing are heavily emphasized, while speaking and listening skills are de-emphasized (usually passively, through omission).
However, there is a growing movement, sometimes known as the [[Living Latin]] movement, whose supporters believe that Latin can be taught in the same way that modern "living" languages are taught, i.e., as a means of both spoken and written communication. This approach to learning the language assists speculative insight into how ancient authors spoke and incorporated sounds of the language stylistically; patterns in [[Latin poetry]] and [[Latin literature|literature]] can be difficult to identify without an understanding of the sounds of words.
Living Latin instruction is provided in states like the [[Vatican City|Vatican]], and some Institutions in the U.S. like the [[University of Kentucky]]. In [[Great Britain]], the [[Classical Association]] encourages this approach, and Latin language books describing the adventures of a mouse called Minimus have been published. In the [[United States]], the [[National Junior Classical League]] (with more than 50,000 members) encourages high school students to pursue the study of Latin, and the [[National Senior Classical League]] encourages college students to continue their studies of the language.
Many [[international auxiliary language]]s have been heavily influenced by Latin. [[Interlingua]], which lays claim to a sizeable following, is sometimes considered a simplified, modern version of the language. [[Latino sine Flexione]], popular in the early 20th century, is a language created from Latin with its inflections dropped.
Latin translations of modern literature such as ''[[Paddington Bear]]'', ''[[Winnie the Pooh]]'', ''[[The Adventures of Tintin|Tintin]]'', ''[[Asterix]]'', ''[[Harry Potter]]'', ''[[The Little Prince|Le Petit Prince]]'', ''[[Max und Moritz]]'', ''[[How the Grinch Stole Christmas]]'', and ''[[The Cat in the Hat]]'' are intended to bolster interest in the language.
==Modern use of Latin==
[[Image:Wallsend platfom 2 02.jpg|thumb|The signs at [[Wallsend Metro station]] are in English and Latin as a tribute to Wallsend's role as one of the outposts of the Roman empire.]]
Today, Latin terminology is widely used, amongst other things, in [[philosophy]], [[medicine]], [[biology]], and [[law]], in terms and abbreviations such as ''[[subpoena duces tecum]]'', ''q.i.d.'' (''quater in die'': "four times a day"), and ''inter alia'' (among other things). The Latin terms are used in isolation, as technical terms. The largest organization which still uses Latin in official contexts is the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. Although the [[Mass of Paul VI]] is usually said in the local vernacular language, it can be and often is said in Latin, particularly in the [[Vatican City|Vatican]].
In situations when lingual neutrality is preferred, such as in [[scientific name]]s for organisms, Latin is typically the language of choice.
Some films of relevant ancient settings, such as ''[[Sebastiane]]'' and ''[[The Passion of the Christ]]'', have been made with dialogue in Latin for purposes of realism. Subtitles are usually employed for the predominantly non-Latin speaking audiences.
Many organizations today also have Latin mottos, such as "[[Semper fidelis]]" (always faithful), the motto of the [[United States Marine Corps]].
Some universities still hold [[graduation]] ceremonies in Latin.
==See also==
===Latin language===
<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
* [[Latin alphabet]]
** [[List of Latin letters]]
** [[Alphabets derived from the Latin]]
** [[Latin characters in Unicode]]
*** [[ISO/IEC 8859-1|Latin-1]]
*** [[Western Latin character sets (computing)]]
* [[Latin encyclopedia]]
** [[Latin Wikipedia|Latin Wikipedia (Vicipaedia)]]
* [[Latin grammar]]
** [[Latin conjugation]]
** [[Latin declension]]
** [[Latin mnemonics]]
** [[Latin school]]
** [[Golden line]]
* [[Latin literature]]
** [[Latin poetry]]
** [[List of Latin language poets]]
** [[Panegyrici Latini]]
* [[Latin profanity]]
* [[Latin spelling and pronunciation]]
** [[Latin regional pronunciation]]
** [[Traditional English pronunciation of Latin]]
* [[Latinism]]
** [[Greek and Latin roots in English]]
** [[Latin influence in English]]
** [[List of Latin words with English derivatives]]
** [[List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English]]
** [[List of legal Latin terms]]
** [[List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names]]
** [[Latin honors]]
** [[List of Latin phrases]]
** [[List of Latin abbreviations]]
** [[List of songs with Latin lyrics]]
** [[Latinisation]]
** [[List of Latinised names]]
* [[List of Latin place names in Europe]]
* [[AP Latin Literature]]
</div>
===Latin culture===
<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
* [[Latin liturgy]]
** [[Latin Mass]]
** [[Latin Rite]]
* [[Hiberno-Latin]]
* [[Judeo-Latin]]
* [[Dog Latin]]
* [[Pig Latin]]
* [[Macaronic Latin]]
* [[Ancient Rome]]
** [[Culture of ancient Rome]]
** [[Romanization (cultural)]]
* [[Brocard]]
* [[Carmen Possum]]
* [[Internationalism (linguistics)|Internationalism]]
* [[Interlingua]]
* [[Latino sine Flexione]]
* [[Loeb Classical Library]]
* [[Romance languages]]
* [[Romance peoples]]
</div>
===Historical periods===
{{latinperiods}}
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
* Clackson, James, and Geoffrey Horrocks, ''The Blackwell History of the Latin Language'' (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007), Pp. viii, 324.
==References==
<div class="references-small">
* Bennett, Charles E., ''Latin Grammar'' (Allyn and Bacon, Chicago, 1908)
* N. Vincent: "Latin", in ''The Romance Languages'', M. Harris and N. Vincent, eds., (Oxford Univ. Press. 1990), ISBN 0-19-520829-3
* Waquet, Françoise, ''Latin, or the Empire of a Sign: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Centuries'' (Verso, 2003) ISBN 1-85984-402-2; translated from the French by John Howe.
* Wheelock, Frederic, ''Latin: An Introduction'' (Collins, 6th ed., 2005) ISBN 0-06-078423-7
* Frank Palmer. ''Grammar''
</div>
==External links==
{{InterWiki|code=la}}
{{Wiktionarylang|code=la}}
{{Wikibooks|Latin}}
{{Wikisourcelang|la|Pagina prima}}
{{Wikiquote|Latin proverbs}}
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=m2QSAAAAIAAJ&dq=etymological+dictionary+of+the+Latin+language+&pg=PA1&ots=HXVVUTZtvs&sig=DCAtQurlc5fRvU3lGjyeXyxBbt8&prev Latin Etymology], An Etymological Dictionary of the Latin Language
* [http://www.apple.com/downloads/macosx/home_learning/wordslatindictionary.html Latin dictionary plugin] for [[Mac OS X]]'s [[Dictionary.app]].
*[http://publicliterature.org/books/latin_for_beginners/xaa.php ''Latin for Beginners''] at [http://publicliterature.org Publicliterature.org]
* [http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Latin/index.html Latin Language], origin and history, grammar, vocabulary, texts, etc.
* [http://www.forumromanum.org/literature/index.html Corpus Scriptorum Latinorum], a database of Latin texts and translations
* [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/ The Perseus Project], a resource for classical languages and literature
* [http://www.nd.edu/~archives/latgramm.htm Latin-English dictionary] and Latin grammar, from the University of Notre Dame
* [http://www.latin-phrases.co.uk/dictionary/ Dictionary of Latin phrases]
* [http://www.freelang.net/dictionary/latin.html Freelang Latin-English dictionary] to browse online or download
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com The Latin Library] A collection of Latin texts: classical, Christian, medieval, and modern. See also [[The Latin Library]]
* [http://www.freewebs.com/omniamundamundis omniamundamundis], Latin texts from fourteen ancient Roman authors
* [http://latintextbook.com/default.aspx Schola Latina Universalis], a version of Comenius' Orbis Sensualium Pictus
* [http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/latol-0-X.html Latin Online] from the University of Texas at Austin
* [http://www.nle.org/resultMMVII.html 2007 National Latin Exam results]
* [http://meded-portal.ucsd.edu/webportal/forum/fileattachments/anat-latin-3.pdf Understanding Anatomical Latin], explaining common medical/anatomical forms
* [http://latinforum.org/ Online Latin Community] Web forum for discussion of Latin language both in [http://latinforum.org/viewforum.php?f=19 Latin] and in [http://latinforum.org/viewforum.php?f=5 English]
* [http://latin-language.co.uk/ Latin] language history and Classical Latin texts translated into English.
* [http://latinum.mypodcast.com] LATINUM - Anglice et Latine - Extensive Latin language learning podcast. Popular.
===Learn Latin===
* [http://latinum.mypodcast.com Latinum], free Latin Language Podcast - hundreds of audio lessons and classical readings. Free pdf textbook. Classical Pronunciation.
* [http://www.learnlangs.com/latin Classical Latin course] - a free online course
*[http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/latol-0-X.html Latin Online] - lessons from the University of Texas
* ''[http://www.ireadingroom.com/literature/1/8/2/5/18251/18251-h/index.html Latin for Beginners]'' - an ebook of a 1911 Latin textbook
* [http://www.academiathules.org Academia Thules] offers online courses on Roman History, Philosophy, Archaeology, Religion, Language, Military Arts, Law.
* [http://www.textkit.com/latin_grammar.php Free public domain Latin textbooks] - from TextKit.com
* [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/latin/beginners/default.htm Beginners' Latin] - UK Government website for learning Latin (UK National Archives)
* [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/latin/advanced/lesson01/default.htm Advanced Latin] - covers the next stages.
*[http://latinskirecnik.110mb.com/latingram/substantiva_eng.html Latin grammar - interactive] (Java)
*[http://www.google.co.uk/books?id=GJgAAAAAYAAJ] - A complete textbook for spoken Classical Latin, G.J. Adler's "A Practical Grammar of the Latin Language for Speaking and Writing Latin", which can be heard read aloud here: [http://latinum.mypodcast.com]
===Contemporary usage===
* [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net Ephemeris], a Latin newspaper online
* [http://schola.ning.com/ Schola],SCHOLA is an active social network where the only language used is Latin.
* [http://www.yleradio1.fi/nuntii/ ''Nuntii Latini''], weekly world news in Classical Latin published by Radio Finland
* [http://www.classicalacademicpress.com/lfcflash/index.html/ Classical Academic Press], online Latin vocabulary review
* [http://www.memoriapress.com/articles/ Memoria Press], editorial articles about the benefits of the study of Latin
* [http://www.google.com/intl/la/ Latin Google], Latin version of Google
* [http://recherche.univ-montp3.fr/cercam/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=36 ''Vita Latina''] by the [[University of Montpellier]]
{{latinperiods}}
{{Ancient Rome topics}}
[[Category:Latin language| ]]
[[Category:Ancient languages]]
[[Category:Fusional languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Italy]]
[[Category:Languages of Vatican City]]
[[Category:Latino-Faliscan languages]]
[[af:Latyn]]
[[als:Latein]]
[[am:ሮማይስጥ]]
[[ang:Lǣden]]
[[ar:لغة لاتينية]]
[[an:Latín]]
[[arc:ܠܫܢܐ ܠܛܝܢܝܐ]]
[[frp:Latin]]
[[ast:Llatín]]
[[gn:Latinañe'ẽ]]
[[az:Latın dili]]
[[bn:লাতিন ভাষা]]
[[zh-min-nan:Latin-gí]]
[[be:Лацінская мова]]
[[be-x-old:Лацінская мова]]
[[bcl:Latin]]
[[bar:Latein]]
[[bs:Latinski jezik]]
[[br:Latin]]
[[bg:Латински език]]
[[ca:Llatí]]
[[cv:Латтин чĕлхи]]
[[ceb:Linatin]]
[[cs:Latina]]
[[co:Lingua latina]]
[[cy:Lladin]]
[[da:Latin]]
[[de:Latein]]
[[et:Ladina keel]]
[[el:Λατινική γλώσσα]]
[[es:Latín]]
[[eo:Latina lingvo]]
[[eu:Latin]]
[[fa:زبان لاتین]]
[[fr:Latin]]
[[fy:Latynsk]]
[[fur:Lenghe latine]]
[[ga:Laidin]]
[[gv:Ladjyn]]
[[gd:Laideann]]
[[gl:Lingua latina]]
[[ko:라틴어]]
[[hy:Լատիներեն]]
[[hi:लातिनी भाषा]]
[[hr:Latinski jezik]]
[[id:Bahasa Latin]]
[[ia:Lingua latin]]
[[os:Латинаг æвзаг]]
[[is:Latína]]
[[it:Lingua latina]]
[[he:לטינית]]
[[jv:Basa Latin]]
[[ka:ლათინური ენა]]
[[kw:Latin]]
[[sw:Kilatini]]
[[kg:Kilatini]]
[[ku:Zimanê Latînî]]
[[la:Lingua Latina]]
[[lv:Latīņu valoda]]
[[lb:Latäin]]
[[lt:Lotynų kalba]]
[[lij:Lengua latinn-a]]
[[li:Latien]]
[[ln:Latina]]
[[lmo:Latin]]
[[hu:Latin nyelv]]
[[mk:Латински јазик]]
[[mr:लॅटिन भाषा]]
[[ms:Bahasa Latin]]
[[cdo:Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄]]
[[nah:Latintlahtōlli]]
[[nl:Latijn]]
[[nds-nl:Latien]]
[[new:ल्याटिन भाषा]]
[[ja:ラテン語]]
[[nap:Lengua latina]]
[[no:Latin]]
[[nn:Latin]]
[[nrm:Latîn]]
[[nov:Latinum]]
[[oc:Latin]]
[[uz:Lotin tili]]
[[nds:Latiensche Spraak]]
[[pl:Łacina]]
[[pt:Latim]]
[[ro:Limba latină]]
[[rm:Latin]]
[[qu:Latin simi]]
[[ru:Латинский язык]]
[[sc:Limba latina]]
[[sco:Laitin leid]]
[[sq:Gjuha latine]]
[[scn:Lingua latina]]
[[simple:Latin language]]
[[sk:Latinčina]]
[[cu:Лати́ньскъ ѩꙁꙑ́къ]]
[[sl:Latinščina]]
[[sr:Латински језик]]
[[sh:Latinski jezik]]
[[su:Basa Latin]]
[[fi:Latina]]
[[szl:Uaćina]]
[[sv:Latin]]
[[tl:Wikang Latin]]
[[ta:இலத்தீன்]]
[[th:ภาษาละติน]]
[[vi:Latinh]]
[[tg:Забони лотинӣ]]
[[tpi:Tok Latin]]
[[tr:Latince]]
[[uk:Латинська мова]]
[[vec:Łéngoa latina]]
[[wa:Latén]]
[[wuu:拉丁文]]
[[yi:לאטיין]]
[[yo:Ede Latini]]
[[zh-yue:拉丁話]]
[[diq:Latinki]]
[[bat-smg:Luotīnu kalba]]
[[zh:拉丁语]]