Laude
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'''''Laude''''' (singular: ''lauda'', ''lauda spirituale'') are the most important form of [[vernacular]] sacred [[song]] in [[Italy]] in the late [[medieval music|medieval]] era and [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]]. They remained popular into the [[19th century|nineteenth century]].
Originally, the ''lauda'' was a [[texture (music)|monophonic]] (single-voice) form, but a [[polyphony|polyphonic]] type developed in the early [[14th century|fifteenth century]]. The early ''lauda'' was probably influenced by the music of the [[troubadour]]s, since it shows similarities in rhythm, melodic style, and especially notation. Many troubadours had fled their original homelands, such as [[Provence]], during the [[Albigensian Crusade]] in the early 13th century, and settled in northern Italy where their music was influential in the development of the Italian secular style.
A monophonic form of the ''lauda'' spread widely throughout Europe during the 13th and 14th centuries as the music of the [[flagellant]]s; this form was known as the ''[[Geisslerlieder]]'', and picked up the vernacular language in each country it affected, including [[Germany]], [[Poland]], [[England]] and [[Scandinavia]].
After 1480 the singing of ''laude'' was extremely popular in [[Florence]], since the monk [[Savonarola]] (and others) had prohibited the dissemination of any other style of sacred vernacular music. Many of [[Josquin des Prez|Josquin's]] [[motet]]s and [[mass (music)|masses]] are based on melodies he heard in ''laude'' during his sojourns in Italy around this time.
''Laude'' had a resurgence of popularity again at the time of the [[Counter-Reformation]], since one of the musical goals of the [[Council of Trent]] was to increase the intelligibility of text, and the simple, easily understood laude provided an ideal example.
The ''lauda'' declined in importance with the development of the [[oratorio]].
== References and further reading ==
* {{NewGrove1980|Lauda spirituale|John Stevens and William F. Prizer|x|538-543}}
* [[Gustave Reese]], ''Music in the Renaissance''. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ISBN 0-393-09530-4
* ''The New Harvard Dictionary of Music'', ed. Don Randel. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1986. ISBN 0-674-61525-5
* Richard H. Hoppin, ''Medieval Music''. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1978. ISBN 0-393-09090-6
[[Category:Italian music history]]
[[Category:Song forms]]
[[Category:Renaissance music]]
[[Category:Medieval music]]
[[Category:Italian music]]
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