Laurales 17647 225483800 2008-07-13T22:52:35Z DOI bot 6652755 Citation maintenance. Formatted: doi. Initiated by [[User:Fconaway|Fconaway]]. You can [[WP:DOI|use this bot]] yourself! Please [[User:DOI_bot/bugs|report any bugs]]. {{Taxobox | name = Laurales | image = Laurus-nobilis-flowers.JPG | image_width = 240px | image_caption = ''[[Laurus nobilis]]'' flowers and leaves | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Angiospermae]] | unranked_classis = [[Mesangiospermae]] | subclassis= [[Magnoliidae]] | ordo = '''Laurales''' | ordo_authority = [[Karl Julius Perleb|Perleb]] | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = [[Atherospermataceae]]<br> [[Calycanthaceae]]<br> [[Gomortegaceae]]<br> [[Hernandiaceae]]<br> [[Lauraceae]]<br> [[Monimiaceae]]<br> [[Siparunaceae]] }} The '''Laurales''' are an order of [[flowering plant]]s. They are a basal group of [[dicot]]s, related to, and formerly sometimes included in, the [[Magnoliales]]. The order includes about 2500-2800 species from 85-90 genera, which comprise seven families of [[tree]]s and [[shrub]]s. Most of the species are tropical and subtropical, though a few genera reach the temperate zone. The best known species in this order are those of the [[Lauraceae]] (for example [[bay laurel]] or ''Laurus'', [[cinnamon]] or ''Cinnamomum'', [[avocado]] or ''Persea'', and ''[[Sassafras]]''), and the spice bush or ''[[Calycanthus]]'' of the Calycanthaceae. The earliest lauraceous [[fossil]]s are from to the early [[Cretaceous]]. It is possible that the ancient origin of this order is one of the reasons for its highly diverged morphology. Indeed, presently no single morphological property is known, which would unify all the members of Laurales. This fact used to cause much argument among botanists regarding the correct circumscription of the order, and the presently accepted classification is based on recent molecular and genetic analysis. ==Classification== The following families are included in the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] system: {| style="text-align:left; padding:2.5px; background:#eef" |- | style="background:#fff; padding:2.5px" |order '''Laurales''' : family [[Atherospermataceae]] : family [[Calycanthaceae]] : family [[Gomortegaceae]] : family [[Hernandiaceae]] : family [[Lauraceae]] : family [[Monimiaceae]] : family [[Siparunaceae]] |{{clade| style=font-size:75%;line-height:75% |label1=[[Magnoliidae]] |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Canellales]] |2=[[Piperales]] }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1='''Laurales''' |1={{clade |1=[[Calycanthaceae]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Siparunaceae]] |2={{clade |1=[[Atherospermataceae]] |2=[[Gomortegaceae]] }} }} |2={{clade |1=[[Hernandiaceae]] |2={{clade |1=[[Monimiaceae]] |2=[[Lauraceae]] }} }} }} }} }} |2=[[Magnoliales]] }} }} }} |-style="font-size:90%;" | colspan=2 | The current composition and [[phylogenetics|phylogeny]] of the Laurales.<ref name="APG2">{{cite journal | journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society | volume=141 | pages=399–436 | author=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group | year=2003 | title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II | url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/full/ | doi=10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Soltis | first=P. S. | coauthors=D. E. Soltis | year=2004 | title=The origin and diversification of Angiosperms | journal= American Journal of Botany | volume=91 | pages=1614–1626 |url= http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/91/10/1614 | doi=10.3732/ajb.91.10.1614 }}</ref> |} Under the older [[Cronquist system]], the Laurales included a slightly different set of families (current placement, where different, in brackets): * Family [[Amborella]]ceae (Family [[Amborella]]ceae, unplaced) * Family [[Calycanthaceae]] * Family [[Gomortegaceae]] * Family [[Hernandiaceae]] * Family [[Idiospermaceae]] (= Calycanthaceae ''pro parte'') * Family [[Lauraceae]] * Family [[Monimiaceae]] (Cronquist included Atherospermataceae and Siparunaceae in Monimiaceae) * Family [[Trimeniaceae]] (unplaced in basal group) ==References== {{Reflist}} * [[Karl Julius Perleb|K.J. Perleb]] (1826). ''Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte des Pflanzenreichs'' p. 174. Magner, [[Freiburg|Freiburg im Breisgau]], Deutschland. * Renner, Susanne S. (May 2001) '''Laurales'''. In: ''Nature Encyclopedia of Life Sciences''. London: Nature Publishing Group. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npg.els.0003695 doi:10.1038/npg.els.0003695 Abstract], [http://www.umsl.edu/~biosrenn/Laurales.ELS.pdf Full text (pdf)]. * Renner S.S. (1999). Circumscription and phylogeny of the Laurales: evidence from molecular and morphological data. ''American Journal of Botany'' 86 (9): 1301-1315. [http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/86/9/1301 Abstract], [http://www.umsl.edu/~biosrenn/Laurales%20AJB%20paper.pdf Full text (pdf)]. * Endress P.K., Igersheim A. (1997). Gynoecium diversity and systematics of the Laurales. ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 125 (2): 93-168. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bojl.1997.0113 doi:10.1006/bojl.1997.0113 Abstract]. [[Category:Laurales| ]] [[Category:Trees]] [[bg:Laurales]] [[ca:Laural]] [[co:Laurales]] [[da:Laurbær-ordenen]] [[de:Lorbeerartige]] [[es:Laurales]] [[fr:Laurales]] [[ko:녹나무목]] [[it:Laurales]] [[he:עראים]] [[lt:Lauramediečiai]] [[hu:Babérvirágúak]] [[ms:Laurales]] [[nl:Laurales]] [[ja:クスノキ目]] [[no:Laurales]] [[pl:Wawrzynowce]] [[pt:Laurales]] [[ru:Лавроцветные]] [[sr:Laurales]] [[fi:Laurales]] [[sv:Laurales]] [[vi:Bộ Nguyệt quế]] [[zh:樟目]]