Lazaretto
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[[Image:Lazareto EntradaPrincipal.jpg|Principal entrance to the lazaretto on [[Mahon]]|thumb]]
A '''lazaretto''' or '''lazaret''' is a [[quarantine]] station for maritime travellers. Lazarets can be ships permanently at anchor, isolated islands, or mainland buildings. Until 1908, lazarets were also used for disinfecting postal items, usually by [[fumigation]].<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=March 27|accessyear=2005|
url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/typhoid/quarantine.html|
title=History of Quarantine| work=The Most Dangerous Woman in America}}</ref> A leper colony administered by a [[Christian]] religious order was often called a '''lazar house''', after the parable of [[Lazarus and Dives|Lazarus the Beggar]].
==Lazarettos throughout history==
[[Image:Lazzaretto-Ancona.JPG|thumb|The Vanvitelli's Lazzaretto]]
The first lazaret was established by [[Venice]] in 1403 on Santa Maria di Nazareth (also called "Nazaretum" or "Lazaretum", today "[[Lazzaretto Vecchio]]"), an island in the [[Venetian Lagoon]]
.{{coord|45.406|12.36}}<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=March 27|accessyear=2005|
url=http://home3.americanexpress.com/corp/latestnews/wmf2002-dubrovnik.asp|
title=AMERICAN EXPRESS AND PBZ AMERICAN EXPRESS ANNOUNCE U.S. $80,000 GRANT FOR RESTORATION OF THE LAZARET IN DUBROVNIK| work=American Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=March 27|accessyear=2005|
url=http://www.geocities.com/hotsprings/2615/medhist/postal.html|
title=The Disinfection of Postal Items| work=C. Savona-Ventura}}</ref><ref>[http://maps.google.com/maps?q=Isola%20del%20Lazzaretto%20Vecchio%2C%20Italy ''Lazzaretto Vecchio, satellite view'']</ref> Additionally there is [[Lazzaretto Nuovo]], also in the lagoon.
[[Pope Clement XII]] erected a [[Lazaretto]] at the south end of the [[Ancona]] harbor. [[Fidra]]<ref name=history>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=43439&strquery=fidrey#s30 British History Online]</ref> an uninhabited island in the [[Firth of Forth]], off eastern [[Scotland]] has the ruins of an old chapel, or lazaretto for the sick, which was dedicated to on it [[St. Nicholas]].<ref name=history/>
[[Lazaretto island (Corfu)|Lazaretto Island]], (formerly known as Aghios Dimitrios) located two [[nautical mile]]s [[northeast]] of [[Corfu (city)|Corfu]] {{coord|39.641|19.924}}. The island has an area of 17.5 [[acres]] and is administered by the Greek National Tourist Organization. During [[World War II]], the [[Axis Occupation of Greece]] established a [[concentration camp]] there for the prisoners of the [[Greek Resistance|Greek National Resistance movement]]. There remains today the two-storied building that served as the Headquarters of the Italian army, a small church, and the wall against which those condemned to death were shot. <ref name="koine">http://koine.terapad.com/index.cfm?fa=contentNews.newsDetails&newsID=10608&from=list Corfu honored with a new museum</ref><ref>[http://www.travel-to-corfu.com/page.php?id=46&back=corfu.php Lazaretto Islet - Corfu Corfu Greece<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
<blockquote>In the early 16th century, when Corfu was under Venetian rule, a monastery was established on the islet. Later that century, the island was renamed Lazaretto, after the leprosarium that was set up there.
In 1798, when the French ruled Corfu, the Russo-Turkish fleet took over the islet and ran it as a military hospital. In 1814, during the British occupation, the leprosarium was renovated and went into operation again. After the Ionian Islands were united with Greece (1864), the leprosarium only operated when needed. <ref name="koine">http://koine.terapad.com/index.cfm?fa=contentNews.newsDetails&newsID=10608&from=list Corfu honored with a new museum</ref></blockquote>
[[Lazaretto Islet]] survives on [[Ithaca]] and another on [[Zakynthos]]. As of 2002, one of the few remaining lazarets in Europe is the one in [[Dubrovnik]].<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=March 27|accessyear=2005|
url=http://www.abc.net.au/gnt/history/Transcripts/s1231982.htm| title=Peel Island| work=GNT History}}</ref>
In the United States, the [[Philadelphia Lazaretto]] was the first edifice of its kind in the country.<ref>[http://www.ushistory.org/laz Lazaretto outside of Philadelphia] </ref>
==See also==
{{wikt}}
*[[Leper colony]]
*[[Order of Saint Lazarus]]
*[[Saint Lazarus Island]]
*[[Villefranche-sur-Mer]]
*[[HMS Dreadnought (1801)]]
*[[Spinalonga]]
*[[Lazareto]]
==External links==
*[http://194.243.104.176/website/img_laguna/info/info_isola.asp?id=27 The ''Lazzaretto Island'' in Venice, the first lazaretto in the World] (in Italian)
== References ==
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