Leglock
2877341
218690987
2008-06-11T19:21:12Z
70.160.179.76
/* Kneebar instructions */
[[Image:Leglock straight ankle lock.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The straight ankle lock is a standard leglock that [[hyperextend]]s the ankle.]]
A '''leglock''' is a [[joint lock]] that is directed at [[joint]]s of the [[human leg|leg]] such as the [[ankle]], [[knee]] or [[hip joint]]. A leglock which are directed at [[joints]] in the [[foot]] is sometimes referred to as a '''foot lock''' and a lock at the [[hip]] as a '''hip lock'''. Leglocks are featured [[combat sport]]s and [[martial arts]] such as [[Brazilian jiu-jitsu]], [[Catch wrestling]], [[Mixed martial arts]][http://www.mmasaddle.com], [[Sambo (martial art)|Sambo]], [[Shootwrestling]] and [[Submission wrestling]], but are banned in some sports featuring [[joint lock]]s such as [[Judo]]<ref>International Judo Federation. [http://www.ijf.org/rule/rule_referee.php IJF Referee Rules]. ''www.ijf.org''. URL last accessed [[January 7]] [[2006]].</ref>.
Leglocks are considered more difficult techniques to apply effectively than [[armlock]]s, since the legs are generally stronger limbs than the arms. Leglocks require full body [[leverage]] to be effective since they attack large [[joint]]s, such as the [[knee]]. Compared to armlocks, leglocks usually require more intricate positions than the [[mount (grappling)|mount]], [[sidecontrol]] or [[guard (grappling)|guard]], and are often considered to be risky because of the possibility of losing [[grappling position|position]].
In training or sparring, leglocks are applied in a slow and controlled manner, and are often not hyperextended such as in the case of the comparatively dangerous [[#Heel hook|heel hook]]. Instead, [[submission (combat sport term)|submission]] is signalled before the lock is fully applied. In [[self-defense]] application, or when applied improperly or with excessive force, leglocks can cause [[muscle]], [[tendon]] and [[ligament]] damage, even [[Dislocation (medicine)|dislocation]] or [[bone fracture]]s.
==Kneebar==
[[Image:Leglock straight kneebar.jpg|thumb|right|330px|The kneebar is performed on the leg similarly to how the [[armlock#Juji-gatame|juji-gatame armbar]] is performed on the arm.]]
A '''kneebar''' (technically known as a '''straight legbar''') is a leglock which hyperextends the [[knee]]. The basic kneebar is performed similarly to an [[armlock#Armbar|armbar]] by holding the opponents leg in between the legs and arms so the opponent's [[kneecap]] points towards the body. By pushing the hips forward, the opponent's leg is straightened, and further leveraging hyperextends the [[knee]]. A variation of the kneebar is done similarly, but instead of holding the leg with the hands, the opponent's foot is pushed behind one armpit. By pushing the shoulder backwards and pushing the hips forward, a greater amount of force is applied to the knee, and the lock becomes much more difficult to escape.
==Ankle lock==
<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:Anklelockaeddieguerrero2kb.jpg|thumb|Ankle lock by Kurt Angle on the late Eddie Guererro]] -->
An '''ankle lock''' (occasionally referred to as a '''shin lock''') is a leglock that is applied to any of the [[joint]]s in the [[ankle]], typically by hyperextending the [[ankle|talocrural joint]] through [[Anatomical terms of location#Relative motions|plantar hyperflexion]]. Ankle locks are often applied in a manner which simultaneously causes a [[compression lock]] to the [[achilles tendon]], or sometimes also to the [[calf muscle]].
===Straight ankle lock===
The '''straight ankle lock''' (depending on how it is performed also known as an '''[[compression lock#Achilles lock|achilles lock]]''') is what is usually thought of as an ankle lock. It is typically performed using the legs to isolate one of the opponents legs, and placing the opponents foot in the armpit, while holding the foot with the [[forearm]] at the lower part of the opponent's [[calf]], usually at the [[achilles tendon]]. By leveraging the hips forward, the foot becomes forcefully [[Anatomical terms of location#Relative motions|plantar flexed]], hence creating a potent [[joint lock]] on the [[ankle]]. The forearm serves as a [[fulcrum]] in the leveraging, and may cause severe pressure on the [[achilles tendon]], especially when the bony parts of the forearm are used. Such a straight ankle lock is sometimes referred to as an "[[compression lock#Achilles lock|achilles lock]]".[[Image:Figure four toe hold.jpg|thumb|250px|A [[figure-four]] toe hold.]]
===Toe hold===
A '''toe hold''' involves using the hands to hyperextend and/or hyperrotate the [[ankle]], typically by grabbing the [[foot]] near the [[toe]]s, and twisting or pushing the foot while controlling the opponent's leg. A common type of toe hold is the '''figure-four toe hold''', where a [[figure-four hold]] is used to hold the opponent's foot. This type of toe hold is performed by holding the foot by the toes with one hand, and putting the other hand under the opponent's [[achilles tendon]], and grabbing the wrist. By controlling the opponent's body, and using the hands to [[Anatomical terms of location#Relative motions|plantar flex]] the foot either straight or slightly sideways, hence putting considerable [[torque]] on the [[ankle]].
[[Image:040901-M-2789C-004heel hook.jpg|thumb|left|300px|The regular heel hook twists the [[ankle]] medially. The opponent's leg is entangled to prevent him from escaping the [[grappling hold|hold]].]]
==Heel hook==
A '''heel hook''' is a leg lock affecting multiple [[joint]]s, and is applied by transversely twisting the [[foot]] either [[Anatomical terms of location#Relative directions|medially]] or [[Anatomical terms of location#Relative directions|laterally]]. The [[torsion (mechanics)|torsional]] [[force]] puts severe [[torque]] on the [[ankle]], which in turn transfers torque to the [[knee]]. The heel hook is generally considered to be a very dangerous leg lock, with a high rate of injury, especially to [[ligament]]s in the knee. It was subsequently banned in many [[combat sport]]s featuring other leg locks such as [[Brazilian jiu-jitsu]]<ref>International Brazilian Jiu-jitsu Federation. [http://www.cbjj.com.br/english/rules.htm Rules]. ''www.cbjj.com.br''. URL last accessed [[February 5]] [[2006]]</ref> and [[Sambo (martial art)|Sambo]]<ref>Amateur Athletic Union. [http://www.aausports.org/handbooks/wrestling/XIX_sombo.pdf SOMBO competition]. ''www.aausports.org''. URL last accessed [[February 4]] [[2006]].</ref>. The heel hook is however an allowed technique in some [[submission wrestling]] and [[mixed martial arts]] competitions.
There are several variations of heel hooks, with the most typical being performed by placing the legs around a leg of an opponent, and holding the opponent's foot in the armpit on the same side. The legs are used to control the movement of the opponent's body while the opponent's foot is twisted by holding the [[heel]] with the [[forearm]], and using the whole body to generate a twisting motion, hence creating severe medial torque on the [[ankle]]. A similar heel hook can be performed by holding the opponent's foot in the opposite armpit, and twisting it laterally; a move which is referred to as an '''inverted''', '''reverse''' or '''inside heel hook'''.
==See also==
* For leglocks involving a separating motion of the knee, see [[compression lock#Leg slicer|Leg slicer]].
* [[Armlock]]
* [[Small joint manipulation]]
* [[Spinal lock]]
* [[Wristlock]]
==References==
====Main references====
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* Mixed Martial Arts Saddle Position. [http://www.mmasaddle.com Lower Half Positional Fighting]. ''www.mmasaddle.com''. URL last accessed [[October 17]] [[2007]].
* Bison Grappling. [http://bisons.net/training/heelhook.html Heel hook]. ''bisons.net''. URL last accessed [[February 5]] [[2006]].
* Gotch, Frank. [http://gnarlmaster.tripod.com/gnarlmaster/toehold.htm The toe hold]. ''gnarlmaster.tripod.com''. URL last accessed [[February 5]] [[2006]].
* Kesting, Stephan. [http://www.grapplearts.com/Ankle-Lock-Breakdown.htm Breaking down the Ankle Lock], [http://www.grapplearts.com/Kneebar-Mastery.htm Kneebar Mastery: Fixing the Most Common Mistakes]. ''www.grapplearts.com''. URL last accessed [[February 5]] [[2006]].
* Pearson, Charlie. [http://www.lockflow.org/ Heel hook]. ''www.lockflow.org''. URL last accessed [[February 4]] [[2006]].
* Riccaldi, Alain. [http://www.fightordie.it/articolo_157.html Catch Wrestling Leg Locks]. ''www.fightordie.it''. URL last accessed [[February 5]] [[2006]]. (In Italian)
* Trnka, Tue. [http://www.mmareporter.dk/?id=26 MMA-ordbogen]. ''www.mmareporter.dk''. URL last accessed [[February 5]] [[2006]]. (In Danish)
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====Other references====
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==External links==
* [http://216.87.8.79/BHMSombo/Techniques/Hiplocks/HipLocks.htm Hip Locks]. Hip lock techniques.
===Lower-Half Positional Fighting Instructions===
* [http://www.mmasaddle.com]. The Mixed Martial Arts Saddle - Submissions from Positions: Full Saddle, Side Saddle, Reverse Saddle and Rear Saddle
===Kneebar instructions===
* [http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=36 Knee Bar]. Basic knee bar.
* [http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=63 Foot Pull Knee Bar]. Kneebar from the [[guard (grappling)|half guard]] position.
* [http://www.grapplearts.com/Kneebar-Q&A.htm Kneebar Leglock Q & A]. Information about common problems in performing kneebars.
* [http://www.geocities.com/josephgarza/tech043.html Rolling Kneebar From Tie Up]
===Ankle lock instructions===
* [http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=32 Achilles Lock]. Basic straight ankle lock.
* [http://www.geocities.com/josephgarza/tech050.html Quasimodo Shin Lock]. An ankle lock that can be performed from the top in the [[guard (grappling)|guard]].
* [http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=45 Figure 4 Toe Hold]. Basic toe hold.
* [http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=133 Knee Crush Toe Hold]. A toe hold from the top in the [[guard (grappling)|guard]]
* [http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=465 Tyrone Glover's Toe Hold].
===Heel hook instructions===
* [http://www.grapplearts.com/Clinch-Punching-Counter.htm Clinch to Inside Trip to Heel Hook vs. Punching]. Basic heel hook.
* [http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=576 Bicep Grip Heel Hook] (sic). Variation of the grip in the heel hook
* [http://www.bjj.org/techniques/cesar/sub5/ Heel Hook]. Basic inverted heel hook.
* [http://www.geocities.com/josephgarza/tech014.html Ankle Pick To Heel Hook]. Another inverted heel hook.
* [http://www.geocities.com/josephgarza/tech010.html Heel Hook From Your Opponents Guard] Heel hook using the legs.
[[Category:Joint locks]]
[[ja:アキレス腱固め]]