Leiomyoma
1165478
218074409
2008-06-09T01:12:20Z
CrazyChemGuy
5525799
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/86.137.64.97|86.137.64.97]] to last version by 86.101.140.30 (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]])
{{Infobox_Disease
| Name = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image =
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| DiseasesDB =
| ICD10 = D21, D25
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|218}}
| ICDO = 8890-8894
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus =
| eMedicineSubj =
| eMedicineTopic =
| MeshID = D007889
}}
A '''leiomyoma''' (plural is 'leiomyomata') is a [[benign]] [[smooth muscle]] [[neoplasm]] that is not [[premalignant]]. They can occur in any organ, but the most common forms occur in the [[uterus]], [[small bowel]] and the [[esophagus]].
== Etymology==
*Greek:
**leios = [[smooth]]
**muV = ([[myo]]) [[mouse]] or [[muscle]]
**oma = [[tumor]]
*Latin:
**Fibra = [[fiber]]
[[Image:leiomyoma.jpg|thumb|Leiomyoma enucleated from a uterus. External surface on left; cut surface on right]]
==Uterine leiomyomata==
{{main|Uterine fibroids}}
Uterine fibroids are leiomyomata of the [[uterus|uterine]] smooth muscle. As other leiomyomata, they are [[benign]], but may lead to excessive menstrual bleeding ([[menorrhagia]]), often cause [[anemia]] and may lead to [[infertility]]. Enucleation is removal of fibroids without removing the uterus ([[hysterectomy]]), which is also commonly performed. [[Laser]] surgery (called myolysis) is increasingly used, and provides a viable alternative to surgery.
Uterine leiomyomas originate in the [[myometrium]] and are classified by location:
*Sub[[mucosal]] – lie just [[beneath]] the [[endometrium]].
*[[wiktionary:Intramural|Intramural]] – lie within the uterine [[wall]].
*Sub[[serous]] – lies at the [[serosal]] surface of the uterus or may [[bulge]] out from the [[myometrium]] and can become [[pedunculated]].
Estrogen and progesterone usually stimulate their growth, and hormone suppression may hence decrease their size.
==Esophageal==
They are also the most common [[benign]] [[esophagus|esophageal]] [[tumour]], though this accounts for less than 1% of esophageal neoplasms. The remainder consists mainly of carcinomas. Although the vast majority of benign esophageal tumors are clinically silent and go undetected, large or strategically located tumors may become symptomatic.<ref name=AMN>{{cite web | author = James C. Chou, MD & Frank G. Gress, MD | title =Benign Esophageal Tumors | work =Esophageal Cancer Overview (Cancer of the Esophagus) | url=http://www.health.am/cr/benign-esophageal-tumors/ | publisher=Armenian Health Network, Health.am | accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref>
==Leiomyoma of jejunum==
Leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of small bowel. Approximately 50% of cases are found in the jejunum, followed by the ileum in 31% of cases. Almost one half of all lesions are less than 5 centimeters.<ref name=ARO>{{cite web | author = By Michael P. Buetow, M.D. | title =Leiomyoma of Jejunum | url=http://www.appliedradiology.com/case/case.asp?ID=88&SubCatID=97&CatID=43&ThreadID= | publisher=Applied Radiology Online | accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref>
==Treatment==
Diagnosis depends on position of the myomas. Traditional Transabdominal or Transvaginal ultrasonogram can detect large submucosal and transmural myomas. For submucosal myomas saline infusion sonography is the best.
===Medical treatment===
GnRH analogues for 3-6 months are used to reduce the size of the myomas. It usually reduce the size by 60% to 70%. But once the medication is stopped the myomas will grow back.
===Surgical treatment===
[[Myomectomy]] is a choice to remove myomas. It is usually done when the client wants to preserve their fertility.
Total Abdominal or Vaginal [[hysterectomy]] with Bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy is the definitive treatment.
==Outcomes==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
*[http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/home.jsp Merck Manual]: [http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec18/ch248/ch248a.html Uterine fibroids]
*[http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic738.htm Esophageal Leiomyoma]
*[http://www.pathologyatlas.ro/Leiomyoma.html Atlas of Pathology] uterine leimyoma
== See also ==
* [[myosarcoma]]
== External links ==
* [http://www.gyndr.com/myomectomy.php Laser myomectomy]
* [http://www.ayubmed.edu.pk/JAMC/PAST/16-1/NazliRev.htm Laparoscopic myomectomy].
{{Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas}}
[[Category:Anatomical pathology]]
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[[fr:Léiomyome]]
[[he:מיומה]]
[[pl:Mięśniak gładkokomórkowy]]
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[[ur:ہمعضلومہ]]