Leiomyoma 1165478 218074409 2008-06-09T01:12:20Z CrazyChemGuy 5525799 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/86.137.64.97|86.137.64.97]] to last version by 86.101.140.30 (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]]) {{Infobox_Disease | Name = {{PAGENAME}} | Image = | Caption = | DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = D21, D25 | ICD9 = {{ICD9|218}} | ICDO = 8890-8894 | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D007889 }} A '''leiomyoma''' (plural is 'leiomyomata') is a [[benign]] [[smooth muscle]] [[neoplasm]] that is not [[premalignant]]. They can occur in any organ, but the most common forms occur in the [[uterus]], [[small bowel]] and the [[esophagus]]. == Etymology== *Greek: **leios = [[smooth]] **muV = ([[myo]]) [[mouse]] or [[muscle]] **oma = [[tumor]] *Latin: **Fibra = [[fiber]] [[Image:leiomyoma.jpg|thumb|Leiomyoma enucleated from a uterus. External surface on left; cut surface on right]] ==Uterine leiomyomata== {{main|Uterine fibroids}} Uterine fibroids are leiomyomata of the [[uterus|uterine]] smooth muscle. As other leiomyomata, they are [[benign]], but may lead to excessive menstrual bleeding ([[menorrhagia]]), often cause [[anemia]] and may lead to [[infertility]]. Enucleation is removal of fibroids without removing the uterus ([[hysterectomy]]), which is also commonly performed. [[Laser]] surgery (called myolysis) is increasingly used, and provides a viable alternative to surgery. Uterine leiomyomas originate in the [[myometrium]] and are classified by location: *Sub[[mucosal]] – lie just [[beneath]] the [[endometrium]]. *[[wiktionary:Intramural|Intramural]] – lie within the uterine [[wall]]. *Sub[[serous]] – lies at the [[serosal]] surface of the uterus or may [[bulge]] out from the [[myometrium]] and can become [[pedunculated]]. Estrogen and progesterone usually stimulate their growth, and hormone suppression may hence decrease their size. ==Esophageal== They are also the most common [[benign]] [[esophagus|esophageal]] [[tumour]], though this accounts for less than 1% of esophageal neoplasms. The remainder consists mainly of carcinomas. Although the vast majority of benign esophageal tumors are clinically silent and go undetected, large or strategically located tumors may become symptomatic.<ref name=AMN>{{cite web | author = James C. Chou, MD & Frank G. Gress, MD | title =Benign Esophageal Tumors | work =Esophageal Cancer Overview (Cancer of the Esophagus) | url=http://www.health.am/cr/benign-esophageal-tumors/ | publisher=Armenian Health Network, Health.am | accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref> ==Leiomyoma of jejunum== Leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of small bowel. Approximately 50% of cases are found in the jejunum, followed by the ileum in 31% of cases. Almost one half of all lesions are less than 5 centimeters.<ref name=ARO>{{cite web | author = By Michael P. Buetow, M.D. | title =Leiomyoma of Jejunum | url=http://www.appliedradiology.com/case/case.asp?ID=88&SubCatID=97&CatID=43&ThreadID= | publisher=Applied Radiology Online | accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref> ==Treatment== Diagnosis depends on position of the myomas. Traditional Transabdominal or Transvaginal ultrasonogram can detect large submucosal and transmural myomas. For submucosal myomas saline infusion sonography is the best. ===Medical treatment=== GnRH analogues for 3-6 months are used to reduce the size of the myomas. It usually reduce the size by 60% to 70%. But once the medication is stopped the myomas will grow back. ===Surgical treatment=== [[Myomectomy]] is a choice to remove myomas. It is usually done when the client wants to preserve their fertility. Total Abdominal or Vaginal [[hysterectomy]] with Bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy is the definitive treatment. ==Outcomes== == References == {{reflist}} *[http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/home.jsp Merck Manual]: [http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec18/ch248/ch248a.html Uterine fibroids] *[http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic738.htm Esophageal Leiomyoma] *[http://www.pathologyatlas.ro/Leiomyoma.html Atlas of Pathology] uterine leimyoma == See also == * [[myosarcoma]] == External links == * [http://www.gyndr.com/myomectomy.php Laser myomectomy] * [http://www.ayubmed.edu.pk/JAMC/PAST/16-1/NazliRev.htm Laparoscopic myomectomy]. {{Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas}} [[Category:Anatomical pathology]] [[de:Myom]] [[es:Mioma]] [[fr:Léiomyome]] [[he:מיומה]] [[pl:Mięśniak gładkokomórkowy]] [[sv:Myom]] [[ur:ہمعضلومہ]]