Leper colony 422025 225494795 2008-07-14T00:12:41Z 24.130.128.168 /* Political aspects */ [[Image:Spinalonga.jpeg|thumb|right|[[Spinalonga]] on [[Crete]], [[Greece]], one of the last leper colonies in [[Europe]], closed in 1957.]] A '''leper colony''', '''leprosarium''', or '''lazar house''' is a place to [[quarantine]] [[leprosy|leprous]] people. ==History== [[Image:Chacachacare.JPG|thumb|left|250px|Abandoned Nun's Quarters at the Leper Colony on [[Chacachacare]] Island in [[Trinidad and Tobago]]]] Leper colonies or houses became popular in the [[Middle Ages]], particularly in Europe and India, and often ran along monastic lines. Historically, leprosy has been greatly feared because it causes visible disfigurement and disability, was incurable, and was commonly believed to be highly contagious. A leper colony administered by a [[Christian]] religious order was often called a lazar house, after [[Lazarus and Dives|Lazarus]], the patron saint of lepers.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://saints.sqpn.com/saintl41.htm | title=Patron Saints Index: Saint Lazarus}}</ref> Some colonies were located on islands or in remote locations in order to ensure quarantine, some on main roads, where donations would be made for their upkeep. Debate exists over the conditions found within historical leper colonies; while they are currently thought to have been grim and neglected places, there are some indications that life within a leper colony or house was no worse than the life of other, non-quarantined individuals. There is even doubt that the current definition of leprosy can be retrospectively applied to the medieval condition. What was classified as leprosy then covers a wide range of skin conditions that would be classified as distinct afflictions today.{{fact|date=April 2008}} Some leper colonies issued their own [[money]] (such as tokens), in the belief that allowing lepers to handle regular money could spread the disease{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. Lepers were also subject to [[sumptuary law]]s (which were not very effective) and were made to carry horns or rattles when outside the colony, to warn others of their approach. The discovery of an effective treatment for leprosy in 1982, combined with the realization that leprosy was not a particularly communicable disease (roughly 95% of the population is naturally immune) led to the decline of leper colonies around the world. Some colonies remain in areas where treatment for leprosy is not universally available: for example, on [[Culion]] Island in the [[Palawan]] Archipelago, [[Philippines]]; or where traditional attitudes regarding leprosy as 'unclean' have discouraged re-integration. Famous or long-surviving leper colonies were located in [[Kalawao County, Hawaii|Kalaupapa, Hawaii, USA]]; [[Okinawa|Okinawa, Japan]]; [[Chacachacare|Chacachacare, Trinidad and Tobago]]; [[Spinalonga|Spinalonga, Crete]]; [[Carville, Louisiana|Carville, Louisiana, USA]]; [[Zoquiapan|Zoquiapan, Mexico]]; [[Losheng Sanatorium]] in Taiwan; Sorokdo Island in South Korea; [[Derby]] on the coast of [[Western Australia]]; and [[Fantome Island]] in the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon on the coast of [[North Queensland]], [[Australia]]. After Culion Island in the [[Philippines]], The Sungai Buloh Leprosarium in [[Malaysia]] was the second largest colony in the world and was also a centre for research for the disease. The first traces of bacterial resistance to [[dapsone]], then the only medication for [[leprosy]] was first detected at this centre. About 300 patients are still on site. == Political aspects == In [[2001]], government-run leper colonies in [[Japan]] came under judicial scrutiny, leading to the determination that the Japanese government had mistreated the patients, and the District Court ordered Japan to pay [[damages|compensation]] to former patients.<ref name = BBC_2001>{{cite web | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1350630.stm | title = Koizumi apologises for leper colonies | work = BBC News |date = 2001-05-25 | accessdate=2007-03-20 }}</ref> In 2002, a formal inquiry into these colonies was set up, and in March of 2005 the policy was strongly denounced. "Japan's policy of absolute quarantine... did not have any scientific grounds."<ref name=BBC_2005>{{cite web | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4311679.stm | title = Japan's leprosy policy denounced | work = BBC News | date = 2005-03-02 | accessdate=2007-03-20 }}</ref> The inquiry denounced not only the government and the doctors that are involved with the policy but also the court that repeatedly ruled in the favour of the government when the policy was challenged, as well as the media, which failed to report the plight of the victims. ==References== {{Reflist}} == External links == * [http://www.biblegateway.com/cgi-bin/bible?passage=LUKE+16:19-21&amp;language=english&amp;version=NIV&amp;showfn=on&amp;showxref=on Lazarus the Beggar] * [http://www.flickr.com/photos/klheritage/sets/72157603895747153/ Photographs of The Sungai Buloh Leprosarium, The Second Largest Leper Colony in The World] [[Category:History of medicine]] [[Category:Leprosy]] [[Category:Leper colonies| ]] [[de:Leprakolonie]] [[fr:Léproserie]] [[is:Holdsveikraspítali]] [[he:מושבת מצורעים]] [[lt:Raupsuotųjų kolonija]] [[nl:Leprozerie]] [[ja:ハンセン病患者の隔離]] [[no:Leprosarium]] [[pl:Leprozorium]] [[pt:Leprosário]] [[ru:Лепрозорий]]