Levo-Transposition of the great arteries 3188445 213761046 2008-05-20T18:58:45Z Arcadian 104523 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Jburns31780|Jburns31780]] ([[User talk:Jburns31780|talk]]) to last version by Arcadian {{lowercase|title=levo-Transposition of the great arteries}} {{Infobox_Disease | Name = Levo-Transposition of the great arteries | Image = | Caption = | DiseasesDB = 13259 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|Q|20|5|q|20}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|745.12}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshName = | MeshNumber = | }} '''[[wiktionary:laevus|levo]]-Transposition of the great arteries''' ('''l-Transposition of the great arteries''', '''levo-TGA''', or '''l-TGA'''), also commonly referred to as congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries ('''CC-TGA'''), is an [[acyanotic heart defect|acyanotic]] [[congenital]] [[congenital heart defect|heart defect]] ('''CHD''') in which the primary [[arteries]] (the [[aorta]] and the [[pulmonary artery]]) are [[wiktionary:transpose|transpose]]d, with the aorta anterior and to the left of the pulmonary artery; and the [[wiktionary:morphology|morphological]] left and right [[ventricle (heart)|ventricles]] are also transposed. Use of the term "corrected" has been disputed by many due to the frequent occurrence of other abnormalities and or [[acquired disorder]]s in l-TGA patients. In [[segmental analysis (biology)|segmental analysis]], this condition is described as '''[[wiktionary:atrioventricular|atrioventricular]] discordance''' ('''ventricular inversion''') '''with [[wiktionary:ventriculoarterial|ventriculoarterial]] [[discordance]]'''. l-TGA is often referred to simply as '''[[transposition of the great arteries]]''' ('''TGA'''); however, TGA is a more general term which may also refer to '''[[dextro-transposition of the great arteries]]''' ('''d-TGA'''). Another term commonly used to refer to both l-TGA and d-TGA is '''[[transposition of the great vessels]]''' ('''TGV'''), although this term can have an even broader meaning than TGA. ==Overview== In a normal [[heart]], [[oxygen]]-depleted ("blue") blood is pumped from the right [[Atrium (heart)|atrium]] into the right ventricle, then through the pulmonary artery to the [[lung]]s where it is oxygenated. The oxygen-rich ("red") blood then returns, via the [[pulmonary veins]], to the left atrium from which it is pumped into the left ventricle, then through the aorta to the rest of the body, including the heart muscle itself. With l-TGA, blue blood is pumped from the right atrium into the morphological left ventricle (which lies on the right side of the heart), then through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. The red blood then returns, via the pulmonary veins, to the left atrium from which it is pumped into the morphological right ventricle, then through the aorta. ===Variations and similar defects=== ====Simple and complex l-TGA==== l-TGA is often accompanied by other heart defects, the most common type being [[wiktionary:intracardiac|intracardiac]] [[shunt (medical)|shunts]] such as [[atrial septal defect]] ('''ASD''') including [[patent foramen ovale]] ('''PFO'''), [[ventricular septal defect]] ('''VSD'''), and [[patent ductus arteriosus]] ('''PDA'''). [[Stenosis]] of [[valve]]s or [[Blood vessel|vessels]] may also be present. When no other heart defects are present it is called 'simple' l-TGA; when other defects are present it is called 'complex' l-TGA. ==Symptoms== Simple l-TGA does not immediately produce any visually identifiable symptoms, but since each ventricle is intended to handle different [[blood pressures]], the right ventricle may eventually hypertrophy due to increased pressure and produce symptoms such as [[dyspnea]] or [[fatigue (physical)|fatigue]]. Complex l-TGA may produce immediate or more quickly-developed symptoms, depending on the nature, degree and number of accompanying defect(s). If a right-to-left or bidirectional shunt is present, the list of symptoms may include mild [[cyanosis]]. ==Diagnosis== l-TGA can sometimes be [[diagnose]]d in utero with an [[ultrasound]] after 18 weeks [[gestation]]. However, many cases of simple l-TGA are "accidentally" diagnosed in adulthood, during diagnosis or treatment of other conditions. ==Treatment and Prognosis== Simple l-TGA has a very good prognosis, with many individuals being [[asymptomatic]] and not requiring surgical correction. In a number of cases, the (technically challenging) "double switch operation" has been successfully performed to restore the normal blood flow through the ventricles. ==External links== * [http://www.pediheart.org/practitioners/defects/ventriculoarterial/l-TGA.htm Overview at pediheart.org] *[http://www.rch.org.au/cardiology/defects.cfm?doc_id=5098 Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne] *[http://www.mayoclinic.org/corrected-transposition-great-arteries Mayo Clinic, Arizona - Florida - Minnesota, USA] {{Congenital malformations and deformations of circulatory system}} [[Category:Congenital heart disease]] [[de:Korrigierte Transposition der großen Arterien]]