Liberal-Progressive 480632 181215897 2007-12-31T17:13:44Z SmackBot 433328 Date/fix the maintenance tags or gen fixes using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]] {{Unreferenced|date=December 2007}} '''''Liberal-Progressive''''' was a label used by a number of candidates in [[Canada|Canadian]] elections between 1926 and 1953. In federal and [[Ontario]] politics, there was no formal Liberal-Progressive party - it was an alliance between two separate parties. In [[Manitoba]], a party did exist with this name. ==Federal politics== With the [[Progressive Party of Canada]]'s [[Canadian federal election, 1921|1921 electoral breakthrough]], Canadian federal politics operated under a "three party system" for the first time. The [[Liberal Party of Canada]] under [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]] tried to deal with this situation by co-opting the Progressives, offering to form a [[coalition]] with them. The Progressive Party itself refused. But by 1926, the party had split and some Progressives decided to support the Liberals, running as '''Liberal Progressive''' or [[Liberal-Labour (Canada)|Liberal-Labour-Progressive]] candidates or similar variations. This phenomenon occurred particularly in the [[Canadian federal election, 1925|1925 election]] and the [[Canadian federal election, 1926|1926 election]]. A number of Liberal Progressive Members of Parliament became full fledged Liberals in the 1930s. In the 1925 election, only one candidate ran under the Liberal Progressive banner. He was unsuccessful. In the 1926 election, a total of 11 candidates ran as Liberal Progressive: eight in [[Manitoba]] (the entire Progressive contingent who had decided to nominate joint candidates with the Liberals), all of whom were elected, and three unsuccessful candidates in [[Ontario]]. A ninth Manitoba Liberal-Progressive, [[Robert Forke]] who was the group's leader, was acclaimed in a by-election later in the year and was appointed to the [[Canadian cabinet|Cabinet]]. These candidates were not opposed by the Liberal Party in the election and ran with the understanding that they would sit with and support the Liberals in the Parliament and attend Liberal [[caucus]] meetings. Mackenzie King's Liberals alone did not have a majority of seats in the [[Canadian House of Commons|House of Commons]] after the 1926 election, but were able to form a [[minority government]] (that was for all intents and purposes a [[majority government]]) with the support of the Liberal-Progressives in the house. This government lasted for four years. The Liberal-Progressives also had their own caucus meetings (in addition to attending Liberal meetings) and developed their own politics on certain issues, particularly in relation to agriculture. For example, they were critical of the 1927 federal budget for not reducing [[tariff]]s, a long time Progressive demand. In the [[Canadian federal election, 1930|1930 election]], eight Liberal Progressives ran in Manitoba, but only two were elected. One defeated candidate lost to a candidate running as a Liberal. In the [[Canadian federal election, 1935|1935 election]], five Liberal Progressives ran in Manitoba, four of whom were elected. One of these was victorious over a Liberal candidate, while the defeated Liberal Progressive was defeated by a Liberal. In the [[Canadian federal election, 1940|1940 election]], two Liberal Progressives ran in Manitoba, of whom one was elected. Two Liberal Progressives ran in Ontario. Both of these were elected. [[William Gilbert Weir]] was the longest lasting Liberal Progressive MP, winning his first election in the riding of Macdonald in Manitoba in 1930. He was re-elected as a Liberal Progressive in 1935 and 1940. In 1945, 1949 and 1953, he was elected as a Liberal Progressive for the riding of Portage-Neepawa, and was the sole candidate to run as under the Liberal Progressive label in those elections. Weir served as Chief Government Whip from 1945 to 1953 and parliamentary assistant to Prime Minister [[Louis St. Laurent]] from 1953 to 1957. He was defeated in the [[Canadian federal election, 1957|1957 election]], the first in which he ran as a Liberal. Five MPs in all sat as Liberal-Progressives: [[Edgar Douglas Richmond Bissett]], [[Robert Forke]], [[James Allison Glen]], [[George William McDonald]] and [[William Gilbert Weir]]. Forke and Glen both ultimately became ministers in Liberal cabinets (Glen also served as [[Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons]]) while Weir served as government whip for a number of years. Forke was elevated to the [[Canadian Senate]] in 1929 and was the sole Liberal-Progressive to ever sit in that body. ==Alberta== In Alberta, one candidate ran under the Liberal Progressive banner during the [[Alberta general election, 1926|1926 Alberta general election]]. Mr [[A.D. Campbell]] achieved 252 votes, in the [[Camrose (provincial electoral district)|Camrose]] district coming in fourth place. ==Ontario== In Ontario, an electoral coalition was formed in 1934 between the [[Ontario Liberal Party|provincial Liberals]] under [[Mitchell Hepburn]], and the Progressive bloc of [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|Members of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLAs) under [[Harry Nixon]]. Nixon had originally been elected with the [[United Farmers of Ontario]]. In this coalition, the Progressive group ran as ''Liberal-Progressives''. They were eventually absorbed into the Ontario Liberal Party. Even before 1934, several candidates ran and were elected under the Liberal-Progressive banner ([[Frederick Sandy]] of [[Victoria South]] was first elected as a UFO MLA in 1919, was defeated in 1923 and returned to serve as a Liberal-Progressive from 1926-1929; [[Merton Elvin Scott]] of [[Oxford South]] served as a Liberal-Progressive MLA from 1926 to 1929 and UFO MLA [[David Munroe Ross]] of [[Oxford North]] was re-elected as a Liberal-Progressive in 1926 and 1929), however it was only in the [[Ontario general election, 1934|1934 election]] that a formal alliance between the Progressives and Liberals began, returning four Liberal-Progressive MLAs (Nixon, Douglas Campbell of [[Kent East]], Roland Patterson of [[Grey North]] and [[James Francis Kelly]] of [[Muskoka]]). Liberal-Progressive leader Harry Nixon was [[provincial secretary]] in Liberal Premier [[Mitchell Hepburn]]'s cabinet from its inception. He and Kelly ran for re-election as straight Liberals in the [[Ontario general election, 1937|1937 provincial election]] and were re-elected. Two remaining Liberal-Progressive MLAs were returned in that election, Campbell and Patterson. Campbell was not returned in the [[Ontario general election, 1943|1943 election]] while Patterson was re-elected as a straight Liberal. ==Manitoba== In [[Manitoba]], the [[Progressive Party of Manitoba|Progressives]] and [[Manitoba Liberal Party|Liberals]] merged in 1932 under [[Premier]] [[John Bracken]] and ran as ''Liberal-Progressives''. Bracken continued as [[Premier]] until 1943, when he was replaced by [[Stuart Garson]]. In 1948, Garson was replaced by [[Douglas Lloyd Campbell|Douglas Campbell]]. Although the party was dominated by its "Progressive" wing, it had become popularly known as the Liberal Party by the 1940s. (The national [[Progressive Party of Canada|Progressive Party]] had vanished by this time.) It formally changed its name to the [[Manitoba Liberal Party]] in 1961, against only scattered objections from diehard Progressives. ==See also== * [[List of political parties in Canada]] ==External links== * [http://www.parl.gc.ca/ Parliament of Canada History of the Federal Electoral Ridings since 1867] [[Category:Federal political parties in Canada]]