Light-harvesting complexes of green plants 2932386 215453592 2008-05-28T07:44:26Z DOI bot 6652755 Citation maintenance. You can [[WP:DOI|use this bot]] yourself! Please [[User:DOI_bot/bugs|report any bugs]]. {{Pfam_box | Symbol = Chloroa_b-bind | Name = | image =2bhw.gif | width =250 | caption = Light-Harvesting Complex II | Pfam= PF00504 | InterPro= IPR001344 | SMART= | Prosite = | SCOP = 1rwt | TCDB = | OPM family= 1 | OPM protein= 1rwt | PDB= {{PDB3|1vcr}}A:68-236 {{PDB3|1rwt}}I:66-234 {{PDB3|2bhw}} }} The '''light-harvesting (or antenna) complex''' of plants is an array of [[protein]] and [[chlorophyll]] molecules embedded in the [[thylakoid]] membrane which transfer light energy to one chlorophyll ''a'' molecule at the reaction center of a [[photosystem]]. The [[photosynthetic pigment|antenna pigments]] are predominantly chlorophyll ''a'', chlorophyll ''b'' and [[carotenoid]]s. Their absorption spectra are non-overlapping in order to broaden the range of light that can be absorbed in photosynthesis. The carotenoids have another role as an antioxidant to prevent photo-oxidative damage of chlorophyll molecules. Each antenna complex has between 250 and 400 pigment molecules and the energy they absorb is shuttled by [[resonance energy transfer]] to a specialized chlorophyll-protein complex known as the [[Photosynthetic reaction centre|reaction center]] of each [[photosystem]]. The reaction center initiates a complex series of chemical reactions that capture energy in the form of chemical bonds. For photosystem II, when either of the two chorophyll ''a'' molecules at the reaction center absorb energy, an electron is excited and transferred to an [[electron acceptor]] molecule, [[phaeophytin]], leaving the chlorophyll ''a'' in an [[oxidation|oxidized]] state. The oxidised chlorophyll ''a'' replaces the electrons by [[photolysis]] that involves the reduction of water molecules to [[oxygen]], [[proton]]s and [[electron]]s. Under changing light conditions, the reversible phosphorylation of light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins (LHCII) represents a system for balancing the excitation energy between the two photosystems<ref name="PUB00015383">{{cite journal |author=Liu XD, Shen YG |title=NaCl-induced phosphorylation of light harvesting chlorophyll a/b proteins in thylakoid membranes from the halotolerant green alga, Dunaliella salina |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=569 |issue=1-3 |pages=337–340 |year=2004 |pmid=15225658 |doi=10.1016/j.febslet.2004.05.065}}</ref>. The N-terminus of the chlorophyll A-B binding protein extends into the stroma where it is involved with adhesion of granal membranes and photo-regulated by reversible phosphorylation of its threonine residues<ref name="PUB00015384">{{cite journal |author=Andersson B, Yang DH, Paulsen H |title=The N-terminal domain of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein complex (LHCII) is essential for its acclimative proteolysis |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=466 |issue=2-3 |pages=385–388 |year=2000 |pmid=10682866 |doi=10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01107-8}}</ref>. Both these processes are believed to mediate the distribution of excitation energy between photosystems I and II. This family also includes the photosystem II protein PsbS, which plays a role in energy-dependent quenching that increases thermal dissipation of excess absorbed light energy in the photosystem<ref name="PUB00015385">{{cite journal |author=Kramer D, Bassi R, Li XP, Gilmore AM, Caffarri S, Golan T, Niyogi KK |title=Regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting involves intrathylakoid lumen pH sensing by the PsbS protein |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue=22 |pages=22866–22874 |year=2004 |pmid=15033974 |doi=10.1074/jbc.M402461200}}</ref>. ==References== {{reflist}} ==See also== *[[Light-harvesting complex]]es [[Category:Protein domains]] [[Category:Protein families]] [[Category:Transmembrane proteins]] [[Category:Plant physiology]] [[Category:Photosynthesis]]