Light Division 2591174 222618290 2008-06-30T08:16:31Z Gwinva 3282315 Notes need to be before references, since they refer to them; customary to have external links at end {{Infobox Military Unit |unit_name= The Light Division |abbreviation= |image= |caption= |dates= 1803 - 1815<br>1853 - 1856<br>1914 - 1918<br>1968 - 2007 |country=[[Great Britain]] |allegiance= |branch=[[British Army]] |type= [[Light Infantry]] |role= |size= Division |command_structure= |equipment=[[Baker rifle]] <!-- Commanders --> |Past Commanders= |ceremonial_chief= |colonel_of_the_regiment= |notable_commanders=[[Robert Craufurd]]<br>[[Sir William Erskine, 1st Baronet|William Erskine]]<br>[[Charles Alten]]<br>[[George Brown (British army officer)|George Brown]] <!-- Insignia --> |identification_symbol= |identification_symbol_2= <!-- Culture and history --> |nickname= |patron= |motto= |colors= |march= |mascot= |battles=[[Battle of Copenhagen (1807)]]<br>'''Peninsula War'''<br>[[Battle of Corunna]]<br>[[Battle of Coa|Battle of the River Côa]]<br>[[Battle of Bussaco]]<br>[[Battle of Sabugal]]<br>[[Battle of Fuentes de Onoro]]<br>[[Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo]]<br>[[Battle of Salamanca]]<br>[[Battle of Vitoria]]<br>[[Battle of the Pyrenees]]<br>[[Battle of Nivelle]]<br>[[Battle of Toulouse]]<br>'''Crimean War'''<br>[[Battle of Alma]]<br>[[Siege of Sevastopol (1854-1855)]]<br>[[Battle of Inkerman]] |anniversaries=Salamanca Day |decorations= |battle_honours= }} The '''Light Division''' was a [[light infantry]] [[Division (military)|Division]] of the [[British Army]] formed in the early 19th Century. It can trace its origins to the ''Light Companies'' which had been formed to move at speed over inhospitable terrain and protect the main forces by skirmishing tactics. The Light Division was primarily aimed at disrupting and harassing the enemy in light skirmish engagements before the two opposing armies clashed. Over the course of the following two centuries, the regimental makeup of the Division differed, but the philosophy remained constant. ==Origins of the Light Division== {{see also|History of British light infantry}} On [[July 17]], [[1803]], the Corps of Light Infantry was formed from brigading together the [[43rd (Monmouthshire) Regiment of Foot|The 43rd (Monmouthshire Light Infantry) Regiment]], the [[52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot|52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry)]] and the [[95th Rifles]]<ref>{{cite web|title=light infantry|url=http://www.lightinfantry.org.uk/regiments/obli/ox_43rdfoottl.htm}}</ref>. Portuguese Cacadores being later added. Despite the best efforts of General Sir [[John Moore (British army officer)|John Moore]], when it came to choosing a new uniform in which to fight, conservativeness won the day. While the 95th Rifles were permitted to adopt the green clothing and black leather equipment of the German regiments in British service, the Light Infantry regiments were ordered to conform to the regulations for light companies by retaining their red jackets.<ref>{{cite web|title=army.mod|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/infantry/regts/the_rifles/history_traditions/origins_campaigns/the_peninsula_war.htm}}</ref>. The 95th came armed with the [[Baker rifle]] and wearing dark green uniforms, the Green Jackets were hard to spot and spent their time picking off officers, sergeants and any other figure of authority in an enemy formation. Though nowhere near as devastating as a [[musket]] volley from the line infantry, a well-aimed shot could bring down an enemy commander with ease, lowering morale in the enemy. The Baker Rifle enjoyed far greater accuracy and range than the standard muskets of the time and the men using them were considered marksmen, trading devastating firepower for superior accuracy and range. In 1807, the Light Division were involved in the Second Battle of Copenhagen and in 1808 the Corps of Light Infantry sailed for [[Spain]], with General Moore for what would become known as the Peninsular War which proved to be the making of the concept of Light Infantrymen and Riflemen on operations. ==Napoleonic Wars== {{main|Napoleonic Wars|Peninsular War}} {{see also|British Army during the Napoleonic Wars}} ===[[Battle of Copenhagen (1807)]]=== In 1807, [[Denmark]] having allied itself with France, the corps of light infantry (43rd, 52nd and 95th), led by Sir Arthur Wellesley, the future Duke of Wellington, were part of a force which bombarded and captured [[Copenhagen]] and with it the entire Danish fleet. ===Battle of Corunna=== The [[Battle of Corunna]], ([[January 16]], [[1809]]), was an attack by 16,000 [[France|French]] under [[Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult|Marshal Soult]] during the amphibious evacuation of 16,000 [[United Kingdom|British]] under General [[John Moore (British soldier)|Sir John Moore]]. Moore had hoped to draw the French Army away from [[Portugal]], to allow the small British force in that country to be reinforced, and to allow the Spanish armies to reform. The Light Division, under the command of [[Charles Alten]] and [[Robert Crauford]], was sent to the port of [[Vigo]]. But the retreat, made in a harsh winter, was a shambles. The exhausting marches, cold weather and frequent skirmishes with the pursuing French units saw many turn to alcohol and become so drunk that they were left behind. The Battle is remembered for what became known as '''Plunkets Shot''' [[Image:52nd Regiment of Foot by J.C. Stadler.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot|52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry)]], early 1800s]] ''Thomas Plunket was a Rifleman in the [[Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own)|95th Rifles]].During the retreat Plunket shot the French [[Brigadier General|Général de Brigade]] [[Auguste-Marie-François Colbert]] at a range of between 200 and 600 metres using a [[Baker rifle]].<ref name=HS>Hadaway, Stuart. ''[http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/c_plunkett.html Rifleman Thomas Plunkett: 'A Pattern for the Battalion.']''</ref><ref name="costello">Costello, Edward - 'Rifleman Costello' ISBN 1-84677-000-9 First published in 1841 titled "The Adventures of a Soldier" Costello served with Plunkett and can both cite personally witnessed experiences and the legend he already was at the time</ref> Plunket had run forward to make this shot, and before returning to his own lines he reloaded, and shot a trumpet-major who had rushed to the aid of the fallen general. This second feat showed that the first shot had not been a fluke, and the deaths were sufficient to throw the pending French attack into disarray.<ref name=HS/> The shots were at a sufficiently long distance to impress others in the 95th Rifles, whose marksmanship (with the Baker rifle) was far better than the ordinary British soldier who, armed with a [[Brown Bess]] musket, was trained to shoot into a body of men at 50 metres with volley fire.<ref>[http://www.rememuseum.org.uk/arms/technote/armtech1.htm The Weapons Collection: Technical Notes - Introduction] [[REME]] Museum of technology. See paragraph six in the section "Development of the lock"</ref>'' ===Battle of Talavera=== In July [[1809]] under the command of Brigadier-General [[Robert Craufurd]] the Division was three marches or more in rear of [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington]]'s army when a report came in that a great battle was in progress. The march which followed is one almost unparalleled in military annals. The three battalions of the Light Division ([[43rd Regiment of Foot|43rd]], [[52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot|52nd]] and [[95th Regiment of Foot|95th]]) started in full marching order, and arrived at the front on the day after the [[Battle of Talavera]] ([[July 27]] ,[[1809]]) having covered 62 miles, in twenty-six hours. ===Battle of the the River Côa=== Craufurd's operations on the Coa and Agueda in [[1810]] were daring to the point of rashness; the drawing on of the French forces into what became the [[Battle of Coa|Battle of the River Côa]] ([[July 24]], [[1810]]), in particular was a rare lapse in judgement that almost saw his removal from command. Although [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Wellington]] censured him for his conduct, he at the same time increased his force to a full division by the addition of two picked regiments of Portuguese ''Caçadores'', [[A_Battery_(The_Chestnut_Troop)_Royal_Horse_Artillery|Chestnut troop]], [[Royal Horse Artillery]] (RHA) & part of the [[14th Light Dragoons|14th]] & [[16th Light Dragoons|16th]], [[Light Dragoons]]<ref>{{cite web|title=the rifles|url=http://www.geocities.com/the_rifles/}}</ref><ref>Crauford p 100ff</ref> ===Battle of Bussaco=== The [[Battle of Bussaco]], ([[September 27]], [[1810]]) was a defensive battle won by the Allies which allowed Wellington to resume the retreat of his army into the previously fortified Lines of [[Torres Vedras]]. He reached these by [[October 10]]. Finding the lines too strong to attack, the French withdrew into winter quarters. Deprived of food and harried by British hit-and-run tactics, the french lost 25,000 men captured or dead from starvation or sickness before they retreated into Spain early in 1811, freeing Portugal from French occupation except for [[Almeida]], near the frontier. During the retreat, the Battle of Sabugal was also fought. ===Battle of Sabugal=== The [[Battle of Sabugal]] ([[April 3]], [[1811]]), Crauford had taken ill and was home in England so the Division was under the command of Major-General [[Sir William Erskine, 2nd Baronet|William Erskine]], the plan was for the ''Light Division'' and two brigades of cavalry to circle behind the French open left flank while the other four divisions attacked the front. On the day of the battle there was a heavy fog, the other commanders decided to wait until visibility improved. Undeterred, Erskine ordered Lieut-Colonel [[Thomas Sydney Beckwith]]'s 1st Brigade forward. Instead of crossing the Coa beyond the French, the brigade drifted to the left in the fog, crossed at the wrong location and struck the French left flank. Erskine, who was very nearsighted and mentally unbalanced, then became cautious and issued explicit instructions to Colonel [[George Drummond (British soldier)|George Drummond]] not to support his fellow brigade commander. At this point, Erskine rode off to join the cavalry, leaving the ''Light Division'' leaderless for the rest of the battle. The French switched most of their 10,000-man corps against Beckwith's 1,500 and pressed the light infantry back. When Drummond heard the sounds of battle approaching, he deduced that Beckwith's men were retreating. Disobeying orders, Drummond led his 2nd Brigade across the Coa and joined Beckwith. Together they drove the French back. ===Battle of Fuentes De Onoro=== At the [[Battle of Fuentes de Onoro]] ([[May 3]], [[1811]]) the [[King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry|51st Foot]] and [[King's Shropshire Light Infantry|85th Light Infantry]], along with the Light Division demonstrated how the French Cavalry could be beaten by a combination of rapid movements, accurate rifle fire and disciplined formations. During the battle the Light Division was sent to reinforce the 51st and 85th Light Infantry, who had been caught in open ground and surrounded by French Cavalry. When reinforced, the whole force was able to retire rapidly - chased by the French cavalry. Whenever the French came close, the Light Infantrymen and Riflemen, rapidly formed squares at the last safe moment, beating of the Cavalry. This series of rapid moves, combined with the disciplined forming of squares - off the line of march, was a spectacle that few could have believed to have been possible.<ref>Chartrand p.77</ref> ===Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo=== The Division now once again under the command of [[Robert Crauford]] was involved in the [[Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo]] ([[January 8]], [[1812]]), where they stormed and took the Grand Teson redoubt. Then on [[January 19]] together with Major-General [[Thomas Picton]]'s [[3rd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|3rd Division]] they were ordered to storm the city. Picton's Division assaulting the greater breach in the northwest of the citys walls while the Light Division was sent against the lesser breach in the north. Launched at 7 pm, the assault was completely successful, although amongst the dead were Major-Generals [[Henry Mackinnon]] and Craufurd. The victory was somewhat marred when the British rank and file thoroughly sacked the city, despite the efforts of their officers. ===Battle of Salamanca=== Following on from the Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo and the death of Crauford the Division now under the command of [[Charles Alten]], was held as the reserve division for the [[Battle of Salamanca]] ([[July 22]], [[1812]]) and did not take a major part in the fighting. ===Battle of Vitoria=== At the [[Battle of Vitoria]] ([[June 21]], [[1813]]), the division was part of the Right Center Column under Wellington's personal direction, Wellington launched his attack, in four columns and after hard fighting the enemy's centre was broken and soon the French defence crumbled. About 5,000 French soldiers were killed or wounded and 3,000 were taken prisoner, while Wellington's forces suffered about 5,000 killed or wounded. 152 cannons were captured, but King [[Joseph Bonaparte]] narrowly escaped. The battle led to the collapse of [[Napoleon]]ic rule in Spain.<ref>Gates, p.386</ref> ===Battle of the Pyrenees=== During the French withdrawal across the Pyrenees and into France the Light Division was involved in the [[Battle of the Pyrenees]] ([[July 25]],[[1813]]) and the [[Battle of the Bidassoa (1813)]] ([[October 7]],[[1813]]),during which the toughest fighting of the day occurred in Major General [[Bertrand Clausel]]'s center sector. [[John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton|John Colborne]]'s brigade of [[Charles Alten]]'s Light Division attacked ''La Bayonette''. Not waiting for the attack, the French charged downhill and drove back the 95th Rifles. Suddenly the 52nd,appeared and quickly turned the tables. Following closely behind the retreating French, they overran the redoubt with surprising ease. Meanwhile, [[James Kempt]]'s second Light Division brigade and Francisco Longa's Spanish division attacked up two spurs of Mont Larroun to secure some positions. The next day the French abandoned the position to avoid encirclement. ===Battle of Nivelle=== The [[Battle of Nivelle]] ([[November 10]], [[1813]]), started just before dawn as the Light Division headed towards the plateau on the summit of the Greater Rhune (the summit had been garrisoned by French troops but they had fled after the skirmish on the River Bidassoa, fearing to be cut off from their own army). The objective of the division was to sweep the three defensive forts constructed by the French out of the battle. They moved down into the ravine in front of the Lesser Rhune and were ordered to lie down and await the order to attack. After the signal from a battery of cannon, the offensive began. It started with the 43rd, 52nd and 95th - with the Portuguese Caçadores in support, storming the redoubts on the crest of the Rhune. Despite this being a risky move and the men being almost exhausted, the surprise and boldness of the British sent the French fleeing towards other forts on other hills. While the 43rd and 95th were dealing with the French on the Rhune, there still remained one very strong star-shaped fort below on the Mouiz plateau which reached out towards the coast. This was attacked by Colborne's 52nd, supported by riflemen from the 95th. Once again, the French were surprised and the British succeeded. They had, in the French eyes, appeared from the ground at which point, in danger of being cut off, the French soldiers quickly fled leaving Colborne in possession of the fort and other trenches without loss of a single fatal casualty. ===Battle of Toulouse=== The final action of the Peninsula War was the [[Battle of Toulouse]], ([[April 10]], [[1814]]), In the evening of [[April 10]],[[1813]], [[Jean-de-Dieu Soult|Marshall Soult]], received an official communiqué from [[Paris]] informing him that [[Napoleon]] had surrendered to the Coalition forces in northern France. Unsure of what to do, Soult's generals advised him to surrender the city, as reinforcements were unlikely to arrive and further news reached [[Toulouse]] informing Soult of the surrender of French armies across France. This ended the Peninsula War. Claimed to be one of the strongest divisions in the British army in the Peninsula War, the Light Division proved its tough nature in the numerous actions it had been involved in from the infamous retreat to Corunna right up until the invasion of France in 1814 and the conclusion of the war at the Battle of Toulouse.<ref>{{citation|title=Fuentes De Onoro: Wellington's Liberation of Portugal |author= René Chartrand|year=2002|publisher=Osprey Publishing|id=ISBN 184176311X|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=VbFVRbhAh04C&pg=PA84&ots=G_uWTfg2iq&dq=%22Craufurd%27s+Light+Division%22&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&sig=j7nSzfwHLzhoICNjFx8feHZylGM}}</ref> ===Structure during the Peninsular War=== *Commanding Generals: [[Robert Craufurd]], [[Sir William Erskine, 1st Baronet|William Erskine]], [[Charles Alten]] *First Brigade **[[43rd (Monmouthshire) Regiment of Foot|The 43rd (Monmouthshire Light Infantry) Regiment]] **[[52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot|52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry)]] **[[95th Rifles]] *Second Brigade **1st [[Portuguese Caçadores]] **3rd [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] Caçadores *[[A_Battery_(The_Chestnut_Troop)_Royal_Horse_Artillery|Chestnut troop]],[[Royal Horse Artillery]], (The senior Battery within the Royal Regiment of Artillery, it takes position at the Right of the Line when on parade.)<ref>{{cite web|title=army mod|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/1rha/organisation/the_chestnut_troop/index.htm}}</ref> * Part of the [[14th Light Dragoons]] * Part of the [[16th Light Dragoons]] ==Waterloo== {{main|Battle of Waterloo}} After the abdication of Napoleon in [[1814]] and his exile to the island of [[Elba]], the Peninsula army was dismantled and divided. Following Napoleons escape and return to power in France, there was one more battle to fight. A ''Light Division'' by name was not formed for Waterloo but the Light Infantry Regiments did form the '''3rd (Light) Brigade''' of the 2nd Division alongside a line brigade of the [[Kings German Legion]] and a [[Landwehr]] (Light Infantry) Brigade of the Kings German Legion under the command of Lieutenant-General [[Frederick Adam]]. The final action of the day saw Sir [[John Colborne]] bring the 52nd Light Infantry round to outflank the [[Old Guard]], of the French [[Imperial Guard]] as it advanced towards the British centre in a last ditch attempt to defeat Wellington. As the column passed his brigade, the 52nd charged, fired a destructive volley into the left flank of the Chasseurs and attacked with the bayonet. The whole of the Guard was driven back down the hill and began a general retreat to the cry of ''"La Garde recule"'' After their unsuccessful attack on the British centre, The French Imperial Guard made a last stand in squares on either side of the [[La Belle Alliance]].The ''3rd (Light) Brigade'' charged the square which was formed on rising ground to the (British) right of La Belle Alliance and again threw them into a state of confusion. The other square was attacked by the Prussians. The French retreated away from the battle field towards France. ===Structure at Waterloo=== * 3rd (Light) Brigade **[[52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot|52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry)]], (the biggest battalion at Waterloo)<ref>Moorsom, W S, (ed). "Historical Record of the Fifty-Second Regiment (Oxfordshire Light Infantry) from the year 1755 to the year 1858". 2nd edition. London: Richard Bentley, 1860 p267 (facsimile printed by The Naval & Military Press Ltd, East Sussex, England)</ref> **[[71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot|71st (Glasgow Highland) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry)]] **2nd Battalion, [[95th Rifles]] **3rd Battalion, 95th Rifles *1st Brigade, [[King's German Legion]] **1st Line Battalion, KGL **2nd Line Battalion, KGL **3rd Line Battalion, KGL **4th Line Battalion, KGL *3rd Hanoverian Brigade **Landwehr Battalion [[Bremervörde]] **Landwehr Battalion 2nd Duke of York's ([[Osnabrück]]) **Landwehr Battalion 3rd Duke of York's ([[Quakenbrück]]) **Landwehr Battalion [[Salzgitter]] ==Crimean War== {{main|Crimean War}} The '''Crimean War''' ([[1853]]–[[1856]]) was fought between [[Imperial Russia]] on one side and an alliance of [[France]], the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]], the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]], and the [[Ottoman Empire]] on the other. Most of the conflict took place on the [[Crimea|Crimean Peninsula]], with additional actions occurring in western [[Turkey]], and the [[Baltic Sea]] region and is sometimes considered to be the first "modern" conflict and "introduced technical changes which affected the future course of warfare."<ref name=royle1>Royle. Preface</ref><br><br> The ''Light Division'' was again formed for service and was involved in the [[Battle of the Alma]] ([[September 20]], [[1854]]), which is usually considered the first battle of the Crimean War , took place in the vicinity of the River Alma in the Crimea. An Anglo-French force under General St. Arnaud and Lord Raglan defeated General Menshikov's Russian army, which lost around 6,000 troops. They were also engaged in the [[Siege of Sevastopol (1854-1855)]] , and the battle of [[Battle of Inkerman]] ([[November 5]], [[1854]]) prior to the end of hostilities. ===Structure during the Crimean War=== <ref>{{citeweb|title=crimeantexts|url=http://crimeantexts.russianwar.co.uk/backgrnd/orders.html}}</ref> *Commanding General:Lieutenant General Sir [[George Brown (British army officer)|George Brown]] *First Brigade:Major General [[William John Codrington]] **[[33rd Regiment of Foot]] **[[Royal Welch Fusiliers|23rd The Royal Welch Regiment of Fusiliers]] **[[Royal Fusiliers|7th Regiment of Foot]] *Second Brigade:Major General Sir [[George Buller]] **[[77th (East Middlesex) Regiment of Foot]] **[[88th Regiment of Foot (Connaught Rangers)]] **[[Green Howards|19th (1st North Riding of Yorkshire) Regiment of Foot]] *One troop of [[Royal Horse Artillery]] *one field [[Artillery battery|Battery]] [[Royal Artillery]] *2nd Btn [[Rifle Brigade]]. By the late 19th century the concept of fighting in formation was on the wane and the distinctions between light and heavy infantry began to disappear. Essentially, all infantry became light infantry in practice. Some regiments retained the name and customs, but there was in effect no difference between them and other infantry regiments. ==World Wars== During World War I two '''Light Divisions''' were formed the [[British 14th (Light) Division|14th (Light) Division]] (they were the first Division to be attacked by the German use of [[flamethrowers]]), and the [[20th (Light) Division]], both served on the [[Western Front]] and were involved in the major battles, including the [[Battle of the Somme]], [[Battle of Arras]] and the [[Battle of Ypres]]. The British Army did not form a '''Light Division''' for service during World War II, but the ethos of the Light Division was carried on in new infantry formations such as the [[British Commando|Commandos]], [[Parachute Regiment]] and the [[Chindits]] all lightly armed fast and agile units. ==The Light Division reformed== After the Second World War the British Army had fourteen infantry depots, each bearing a letter. Infantry Depot J at [[Farnborough]], was the headquarters for the six English light infantry regiments and Infantry Depot O at [[Winchester]] was the headquarters for the two rifle regiments and the [[Middlesex Regiment]]. In [[1948]], the depots adopted names and this became the [[Light Infantry Brigade]] and [[Green Jackets Brigade]]. Then in [[1968]] the Light Division was reformed as an Administration Division with the regimentation of the Light Infantry Brigade and the Green Jackets Brigade. As formed, the Light Division was comprised of seven regular infantry battalions: *1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Battalions, [[The Light Infantry]] *1st, 2nd and 3rd Battalions, The [[Royal Green Jackets]] The Light Infantry lost its 4th Battalion in [[1969]], while both regiments lost a battalion in [[1992]]. In [[2005]], two further regiments were attached to the Light Division: *1st Battalion, The [[Devonshire and Dorset Light Infantry]] *1st Battalion, The [[Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Light Infantry]] This was in preparation for all four regiments being amalgamated into a single large regiment named [[The Rifles]]. Which was formed in February [[2007]]. Regimental names of the regiments that formed The Rifles were not maintained. As a consequence, upon the formation of The Rifles, the name '''Light Division''' was no longer to be used.<ref>{{cite web|title=army mod organisation of the infantry|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/infantry/org_role_loc/organisation_of_the_infantry/the_light_division/index.htm}}</ref> Prior to that in [[2005]] a new manouvre brigade appeared in the [[British Army]], [[19th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|19th Light Brigade]], as a fast, agile, lightly armed Brigade to balance the mix of Heavy and Light Brigades in the British Army order of battle. ==Footnotes== {{reflist}} ==References== *''Standing Orders of the Light Division'' (printed in Home's ''Précis of Modern Tactics'', pp. 257-277). *[[William Francis Patrick Napier|William Napier]] ,''Peninsular War'', bk. xvi. ch. .v. * {{gutenberg|no=20395|name=The Story of the 2/4th Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry|author=G. K. Rose}} * Hibbert, Christopher (editor) ''The Recollections of Rifleman Harris'' The Windrush Press 1996 ISBN 0 900075 64 3 * Keegan, John. ''The Face of Battle.'' Vintage, 1977. * Smith, Digby. ''The Napoleonic Wars Data Book.'' Greenhill, 1998. * Crauford, Alexander H.: ''General Crauford and his light division'' (reprint Naval & Military Press 2006) ISBN 1-845740-13-0 * [[Philip Haythornthwaite|Haythornthwaite, Philip]]: ''Weapons & Equipment of the Napoleonic Wars'' Arms and Armour 1996 ISBN 1-85409495-5 * Brassey's Almanac: The Peninsular War; The Complete Companion to the Iberian Campaigns, 1807–14, Chrysalis Books Group (2004), ISBN 1-85753-329-1 ==External Links== * http://www.britishbattles.com/ * http://www.95thrifles.com 95th (Rifle) Regiment of Foot - Battle Re-enactment and Living History * http://www.1st95thrifles.com/ 1st Battalion, 95th (Rifle) Regiment of Foot (1/95) - 95th Rifles Living History Society * http://www.geocities.com/the_rifles/ 2nd Battalion, 95th (Rifle) Regiment of Foot (2/95) - Living History and Battle Re-enactment * http://www.royalgreenjackets.co.uk Royal Green Jackets and Rifle Brigade Museum * http://robertcraufurd.iespana.es * http://www.army.mod.uk/infantry/regts/the_rifles/index.htm {{British Infantry}} [[Category:Infantry divisions of the United Kingdom|Light]] [[Category:Military units and formations established in 1803|Light]] [[Category:British military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars]] [[Category:Military units and formations of the United Kingdom in the Peninsular War]] [[Category:British light infantry]]