Liliales 17646 219224941 2008-06-14T04:50:15Z DOI bot 6652755 Citation maintenance. Initiated by [[User:Fconaway|Fconaway]]. You can [[WP:DOI|use this bot]] yourself! Please [[User:DOI_bot/bugs|report any bugs]]. {{Taxobox | name = Liliales | image = Lilium martagon 250605a.jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = ''[[Lilium martagon]]'' (Martagon lily) | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Liliopsida]] | ordo = '''Liliales''' | ordo_authority = [[Karl Julius Perleb|Perleb]] | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = See text }} '''Liliales''' is an order of [[monocotyledon]]ous [[flowering plant]]s. This order of necessity includes the family [[Liliaceae]], but both the family and the order have had a widely disputed history, with the circumscription varying greatly from one taxonomist to another. The best known representative of the order is the lily. The [[APG II system]] (2003) places this order in the clade [[monocots]] and uses this circumscription: * order Liliales *: family [[Alstroemeriaceae]] *: family [[Campynemataceae]] *: family [[Colchicaceae]] *: family [[Corsiaceae]] *: family [[Liliaceae]] *: family [[Luzuriagaceae]] *: family [[Melanthiaceae]] *: family [[Philesiaceae]] *: family [[Rhipogonaceae]] *: family [[Smilacaceae]] Thus circumscribed, this order consists mostly of [[herbaceous]] plants, but lianas and shrubs occur. They are mostly [[perennial plant]]s, with food storage organs such as [[corm]]s or [[rhizome]]s. The family Corsiaceae is notable for being [[heterotrophs]]. The order has worldwide distribution. The larger families (with more than 100 species) are roughly confined to the [[Northern Hemisphere]], or are distributed worldwide, centering on the north. On the other hand, the smaller families (with up to 10 species) are confined to the [[Southern Hemisphere]], or sometimes just to [[Australia]] or [[South America]]. The total number of species in the order is now about 1300. As with any [[herb]]aceous group, the [[fossil]] record of the Liliales is rather scarce. There are several species from the [[Eocene]], such as ''Petermanniopsis anglesaensis'' or ''Smilax'', but their identification is not definite. Another known fossil is ''Ripogonum scandens'' from the [[Miocene]]. Due to the scarcity of data, it seems impossible to determine precisely the age and the initial distribution of the order. It is assumed that the Liliales originate from the Lower [[Cretaceous]], over 100 million years ago. The initial diversification to the families took place between 82 and 48 million years ago (Vinnersten and Bremer, 2001). The [[APG system]] (1998) also placed the order in the clade monocots, but with a slightly different circumscription (missing the family Corsiaceae): * order Liliales *: family Alstroemeriaceae *: family Campynemataceae *: family Colchicaceae *: family Liliaceae *: family Luzuriagaceae *: family Melanthiaceae *: family Philesiaceae *: family Ripogonaceae [sic] *: family Smilacaceae The [[Cronquist system]] (1981) placed the order in subclass [[Liliidae]] in the class [[Liliopsida]] [= monocotyledons] of division [[Magnoliophyta]] [= angiosperms]. It used a much wider circumscription (many of the plants here are assigned to [[Asparagales]] and [[Dioscoreales]] by APG II): * order Liliales *: family [[Agavaceae]] *: family [[Aloaceae]] *: family [[Cyanastraceae]] *: family [[Dioscoreaceae]] *: family [[Haemodoraceae]] *: family [[Hanguanaceae]] *: family [[Iridaceae]] *: family Liliaceae *: family [[Philydraceae]] *: family [[Pontederiaceae]] *: family [[Smilacaceae]] *: family [[Stemonaceae]] *: family [[Taccaceae]] *: family [[Velloziaceae]] *: family [[Xanthorrhoeaceae]] The [[Thorne system (1992)|Thorne system]] (1992) placed the order in superorder [[Lilianae]] in subclass [[Liliidae]] [= monocotyledons ] of class [[Magnoliopsida]] [= angiosperms] and used this circumscription: * order Liliales *: family Alstroemeriaceae *: family Campynemataceae *: family Colchicaceae *: family Iridaceae *: family Liliaceae *: family Melanthiaceae *: family [[Trilliaceae]] The [[Dahlgren system]] placed the order in superorder Lilianae in subclass Liliidae [= monocotyledons] of class Magnoliopsida [= angiosperms] and used this circumscription: * order Liliales *: family Alstroemeriaceae *: family [[Calochortaceae]] *: family Colchicaceae *: family Iridaceae *: family Liliaceae *: family [[Uvulariaceae]] In the [[Engler system]] (1964 update) a similar order was named [[Liliiflorae]], placed in the class [[Monocotyledoneae]] of the subdivision [[Angiospermae]]. The [[Wettstein system]], last revised in 1935, used names similar to those in the Engler system: the order was named Liliiflorae placed in the class Monocotyledones of the subdivision Angiospermae. In circumscription the order was fairly similar to that of Cronquist. Earlier names for this order include the [[Coronarieae]] of the [[Bentham & Hooker system]]. ==References== * {{cite book| author = W. S. Judd, C. S. Campbell, E. A. Kellogg, P. F. Stevens, M. J. Donoghue| year = 2002| title = Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, 2nd edition|publisher = Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts}} ISBN 0-87893-403-0. * {{cite book| author = [[Karl Julius Perleb|K. J. Perleb]]| year = 1826 | title = Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte des Pflanzenreichs, 129| publisher = Magner, [[Freiburg|Freiburg im Breisgau]]}} * P. J. Rudall, K. L. Stobart, W.-P. Hong, J. G. Conran, C. A. Furness, G. C. Kite, M. W. Chase (2000) Consider the Lilies: Systematics of Liliales. In: {{cite book| author = Wilson K, Morrison DA, (eds.) | title = Monocots: Systematics and Evolution | publisher = CSIRO, Melbourne}} ISBN 0-643-06437-0. * {{cite journal | author = A. Vinnersten, K. Bremer | year = 2001| title = Age and biogeography of major clades in Liliales| journal = American Journal of Botany | volume =88(9)| pages = 1695–1703| doi = 10.2307/3558415}} (Available online: [http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/9/1695 [[Category:Liliales| ]] [[ca:Lilial]] [[cs:Liliotvaré]] [[cy:Liliales]] [[da:Lilje-ordenen]] [[de:Lilienartige]] [[es:Liliales]] [[fr:Liliales]] [[ko:백합목]] [[it:Liliales]] [[he:שושנאים]] [[lt:Lelijiečiai]] [[hu:Liliomvirágúak]] [[nl:Liliales]] [[ja:ユリ目]] [[no:Liliales]] [[pl:Liliowce]] [[pt:Liliales]] [[ru:Лилиецветные]] [[fi:Liliales]] [[sv:Liliales]] [[vi:Bộ Loa kèn]] [[tr:Liliales]] [[zh:百合目]]