Lincoln's Sparrow 427657 213972945 2008-05-21T16:14:38Z 74.75.123.195 The bird was not named for President Lincoln's father, but for Thomas Lincoln of Maine. {{Taxobox | name = Lincoln's Sparrow | status = LC | image = Melospiza_lincolnii_30075.JPG | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[bird|Aves]] | ordo = [[Passeriformes]] | familia = [[Emberizidae]] | genus = ''[[Melospiza]]'' | species = '''''M. lincolnii''''' | binomial = ''Melospiza lincolnii'' | binomial_authority = ([[John James Audubon|Audubon]], 1834) }} The '''Lincoln's Sparrow''', ''Melospiza lincolnii'', is a medium-sized [[American sparrow|sparrow]]. Adults have dark-streaked olive-brown upperparts with a light brown breast with fine streaks, a white belly and a white throat. They have a brown cap with a grey stripe in the middle, olive-brown wings and a narrow tail. Their face is grey with brown cheeks, a brown line through the eye and an eye ring. They are somewhat similar in appearance to the [[Song Sparrow]]. Their breeding habitat is wet thickets or shrubby [[bog]]s across [[Canada]], [[Alaska]] and the [[Northeastern United States|northeastern]] and [[Western United States|western]] [[United States]]; this bird is less common in the eastern parts of its range. The nest is a well-concealed shallow open cup on the ground under vegetation. These birds [[bird migration|migrate]] to the southern United States, [[Mexico]] and northern [[Central America]]; they are [[passage migrant]]s over much of the United States, except in the west. They forage on the ground in dense vegetation, mainly eating insects and seeds. They are very secretive. Their song is a musical trill, but this bird is often not seen or heard even where they are common. This bird was named by [[John James Audubon|Audubon]] after his friend, Thomas Lincoln, of Dennysville, Maine. Lincoln shot the bird on a trip with Audubon to Nova Scotia in 1834, and Audubon named it "Tom's Finch" in his honor. ==References==<!-- Condor18:38 Forbush Sparrow is P. l. striata --> * {{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=53547|title=Melospiza lincolnii|downloaded=12 May 2006}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern {{Commons|Melospiza lincolnii|Lincoln's Sparrow}} ==External links== *[http://www.sdakotabirds.com/species/lincolns_sparrow_info.htm Lincoln's Sparrow Information and Photos] - South Dakota Birds and Birding *[http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Lincolns_Sparrow.html Lincoln's Sparrow Species Account] - Cornell Lab of Ornithology *[http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i5830id.html Lincoln's Sparrow - Melospiza lincolnii</i>] - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter *[http://www.bird-stamps.org/cspecies/20229200.htm Stamps] (for [[Canada]]) - with RangeMap *[http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/especie.phtml?idEspecie=9610 Lincoln's Sparrow videos] on the Internet Bird Collection *[http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?VIREO_SESSION_ID=4af159cdfa0d17a40b0fbdeaa9d0b30a&Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Common&KEYWORDS=lincoln%27s+sparrow&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 Lincoln's Sparrow photo gallery] - VIREO&ndash;(includes egg [[Clutch (eggs)|clutch]]) <!-- ==Further reading== <div class="reflist4" style="height: 220px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px" > ===Book=== * Ammon, E. M. 1995. ''Lincoln’s Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii)''. In ''The Birds of North America'', No. 191 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. ===Thesis=== * Ammon EM. Ph.D. (1995). ''Reproductive strategies and factors determining nest success in subalpine ground-nesting passerines''. University of Colorado at Boulder, United States -- Colorado. * Baxter TSH. M.Sc. (1999). ''A foraging time-activity study of breeding songbirds in a successional white spruce community''. Lakehead University (Canada), Canada. * Bennett KE. M.Sc. (2005). ''The ticks of insular Newfoundland and their potential for transmitting disease''. Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada), Canada. * Lynn K. M.S. (1997). ''Multivariate relationships between riparian birds and environmental variables''. San Jose State University, United States -- California. ===Articles=== * Andres BA, Browne BT & Brann DL. (2005). ''Composition, abundance, and timing of post-breeding migrant landbirds at Yakutat, Alaska''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''117''', no 3. p. 270-279. * Baptista LF & Morton ML. (1988). ''Song Learning in Montane White-Crowned Sparrows from Whom and When''. Animal Behaviour. vol '''36''', no 6. p. 1753-1764. * Baptista LF, Morton ML & Pereyra ME. (1981). ''Interspecific Song Mimesis by a Lincoln Sparrow Melospiza-Lincolnii''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''93''', no 2. p. 265-267. * Bennett GF, Caines JR & Bishop MA. (1988). ''Influence of Blood Parasites on the Body Mass of Passeriform Birds''. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. vol '''24''', no 2. p. 339-343. * Brakefield J. (1970). ''A Lincolns Sparrow in January''. Passenger Pigeon. vol '''32''', no 4. * Calme S, Desrochers A & Savard JPL. (2002). ''Regional significance of peatlands for avifaunal diversity in southern Quebec''. Biological Conservation. vol '''107''', no 3. p. 273-281. * Cicero C. (1997). ''Boggy meadows, livestock grazing, and interspecific interactions: Influences on the insular distribution of montane Lincoln's Sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii alticola)''. Great Basin Naturalist. vol '''57''', no 2. p. 104-115. * Cicero C & Benowitz-Fredericks ZM. (2000). ''Song types and variation in insular populations of Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii), and comparisons with other Melospiza''. Auk. vol '''117''', no 1. p. 52-64. * Contreras Balderas AJ. (1987). ''New Bird Records at Maria Madre Island Nayarit Mexico''. Revista de Biologia Tropical. vol '''35''', no 2. p. 353-354. * Crete M, Drolet B, Huot J, Fortin M-J & Doucet GJ. (1995). ''Post-fire stages of mammal and bird diversity in the north of Quebecois boreal forest''. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. vol '''25''', no 9. p. 1509-1518. * Edwards MH & Weir RD. (1972). ''Lincolns Sparrow at Inuvik Northwest-Territories and Common Starling at Whitehorse Yukon''. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol '''86''', no 1. * Gochfeld M. (1969). ''Status of the Lincolns Sparrow in Jamaica West-Indies''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''81''', no 2. p. 219-220. * Harrison RB, Fiona KAS & Robin N. (2005). ''Stand-level response of breeding forest songbirds to multiple levels of partial-cut harvest in four boreal forest types''. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. vol '''35''', no 7. p. 1553. * Hendricks P & Pidgeon C. (1990). ''Savannah Sparrows Nesting in Alpine Habitat in Wyoming USA''. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol '''61''', no 1. p. 64-66. * Hobson KA & Schieck J. (1999). ''Changes in bird communities in boreal mixedwood forest: Harvest and wildfire effects over 30 years''. Ecological Applications. vol '''9''', no 3. p. 849-863. * Hofslund PB. (1969). ''A Nesting Record of Lincolns Sparrow''. Loon. vol '''41''', no 3. p. 93-94. * Knopf FL, Sedgwick JA & Cannon RW. (1988). ''Guild Structure of a Riparian Avifauna Relative to Seasonal Cattle Grazing''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '''52''', no 2. p. 280-290. * Koopmann H. (1971). ''Lincolns Sparrow at Sheboygan''. Passenger Pigeon. vol '''33''', no 4. * Lachance D, Lavoie C & Desrochers A. (2005). ''The impact of peatland afforestation on plant and bird diversity in southeastern Quebec''. Ecoscience. vol '''12''', no 2. p. 161-171. * MacKinnon DS & Freedman B. (1993). ''Effects of silvicultural use of the herbicide glyphosate on breeding birds of regenerating clearcuts in Nova Scotia, Canada''. Journal of Applied Ecology. vol '''30''', no 3. p. 395-406. * Marshall JT. (1988). ''Birds Lost from a Giant Sequoia Forest During Fifty Years''. Condor. vol '''90''', no 2. p. 359-372. * Raley CM & Anderson SH. (1990). ''Availability and Use of Arthropod Food Resources by Wilson's Warblers and Lincoln's Sparrows in Southeastern Wyoming USA''. Condor. vol '''92''', no 1. p. 141-150. * Reed JM. (1995). ''Relative vulnerability of extirpation of Montane breeding birds in the Great Basin''. Great Basin Naturalist. vol '''55''', no 4. p. 342-351. * Rimmer CC. (1986). ''Identification of Juvenile Lincoln's Melospiza-Lincolnii and Swamp Sparrows Melospiza-Georgiana''. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol '''57''', no 2. p. 114-125. * Sandercock BK & Jaramillo A. (2002). ''Annual survival rates of wintering sparrows: Assessing demographic consequences of migration''. Auk. vol '''119''', no 1. p. 149-165. * Santillo DJ, Brown PW & Leslie DMJ. (1989). ''Response of Songbirds to Glyphosate-Induced Habitat Changes on Clearcuts''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '''53''', no 1. p. 64-71. * Saveraid EH, Debinski DM, Kindscher K & Jakubauskas ME. (2001). ''A comparison of satellite data and landscape variables in predicting bird species occurrences in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem, USA''. Landscape Ecology. vol '''16''', no 1. p. 71-83. * Schulte LA & Niemi GJ. (1998). ''Bird communities of early-successional burned and logged forest''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '''62''', no 4. p. 1418-1429. * Steventon JD, MacKenzie KL & Mahon TE. (1998). ''Response of small mammals and birds to partial cutting and clearcutting in northwest British Columbia''. Forestry Chronicle. vol '''74''', no 5. p. 703-713. * Tramer EJ. (1979). ''Lincolns Sparrow Melospiza-Lincolnii New-Record for Costa-Rica''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''91''', no 3. p. 469-470. * Wilson S & Martin K. (2005). ''Songbird use of high-elevation habitat during the fall post-breeding and migratory periods''. Ecoscience. vol '''12''', no 4. p. 561-568. * Wortman-Wunder E. (1997). ''Territory size in Lincoln's sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii)''. Southwestern Naturalist. vol '''42''', no 4. p. 446-453. * Zink RM. (1982). ''Patterns of Genic and Morphologic Variation among Sparrows in the Genera Zonotrichia Melospiza Junco and Passerella''. Auk. vol '''99''', no 4. p. 632-649. * Zink RM & Blackwell RC. (1996). ''Patterns of allozyme, mitochondrial DNA, and morphometric variation in four sparrow genera''. Auk. vol '''113''', no 1. p. 59-67. </div> --> [[Category:Melospiza]] [[Category:Birds of North America]] [[Category:Birds of Canada|Sparrow, Lincoln's]] [[Category:Birds of the United States|Sparrow, Lincoln's]] [[Category:Native birds of Alaska|Sparrow, Lincoln's]] [[Category:Birds of Mexico|Sparrow, Lincoln's]] [[Category:Birds of Baja Peninsula Mexico|Sparrow, Lincoln's]] [[Category:Birds of Belize|Sparrow, Lincoln's]] [[Category:Birds of Guatemala|Sparrow, Lincoln's]] [[Category:Birds of Honduras|Sparrow, Lincoln's]] [[Category:Birds of El Salvador|Sparrow, Lincoln's]] [[Category:Birds of Central America|Sparrow, Lincoln's]] [[Category:North American migratory birds|Sparrow, Lincoln's]] [[de:Lincoln-Ammer]] [[fr:Melospiza lincolnii]] [[ja:ヒメウタスズメ]]