Lipoprotein lipase
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2008-07-08T00:59:23Z
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{{PBB|geneid=4023}}
'''Lipoprotein lipase''' ({{EC number|3.1.1.34}}) is an [[enzyme]] that [[hydrolyze]]s [[lipid]]s in [[lipoprotein]]s, like those found in [[chylomicron]]s and [[very low density lipoprotein|very low-density lipoprotein]]s (VLDL), into three free [[fatty acid]]s and one [[glycerol]] molecule. It requires [[Apo-CII]] as a cofactor. <ref name="pmid16314153">{{cite journal |author=Kim SY, Park SM, Lee ST |title=Apolipoprotein C-II is a novel substrate for matrix metalloproteinases |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=339 |issue=1 |pages=47–54 |year=2006 |pmid=16314153 |doi=10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.182}}</ref>
Lipoprotein lipase is specifically found in [[endothelium|endothelial cells]] lining the [[capillaries]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = LPL encodes lipoprotein lipase, which is expressed in heart, muscle, and adipose tissue. LPL functions as a homodimer, and has the dual functions of triglyceride hydrolase and ligand/bridging factor for receptor-mediated lipoprotein uptake. Severe mutations that cause LPL deficiency result in type I hyperlipoproteinemia, while less extreme mutations in LPL are linked to many disorders of lipoprotein metabolism.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: LPL lipoprotein lipase| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4023| accessdate = }}</ref>
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==Regulation==
[[Insulin]] is known to enhance LPL synthesis in [[adipocytes]] and its placement in the capillary endothelium.
LPL has different [[isozymes]] in different tissues. The form that is in [[adipocytes]] is activated by [[insulin]], whereas that in muscle and [[myocardium]] is not. This helps to explain why adipose cells gain fat in a well-fed state.
==Pathology==
[[Lipoprotein lipase deficiency]] leads to [[hypertriglyceridemia]] (elevated levels of [[triglyceride]]s in the bloodstream).<ref name="pmid17706445">{{cite journal |author=Okubo M, Horinishi A, Saito M, ''et al'' |title=A novel complex deletion-insertion mutation mediated by Alu repetitive elements leads to lipoprotein lipase deficiency |journal=Mol. Genet. Metab. |volume=92 |issue=3 |pages=229–33 |year=2007 |pmid=17706445 |doi=10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.06.018}}</ref>
High-fat diets have been shown to cause tissue-specific overexpression of LPL: This has been implicated in tissue-specific [[insulin resistance]] and consequent development of [[type 2 diabetes mellitus]].{{Fact|date=January 2008}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Zechner R |title=The tissue-specific expression of lipoprotein lipase: implications for energy and lipoprotein metabolism |journal=Curr. Opin. Lipidol. |volume=8 |issue= 2 |pages= 77–88 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9183545 |doi=10.1097/00041433-199704000-00005 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fisher RM, Humphries SE, Talmud PJ |title=Common variation in the lipoprotein lipase gene: effects on plasma lipids and risk of atherosclerosis |journal=Atherosclerosis |volume=135 |issue= 2 |pages= 145–59 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9430364 |doi=10.1016/S0021-9150(97)00199-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Beisiegel U |title=Lipoprotein metabolism |journal=Eur. Heart J. |volume=19 Suppl A |issue= |pages= A20–3 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9519338 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pentikäinen MO, Oksjoki R, Oörni K, Kovanen PT |title=Lipoprotein lipase in the arterial wall: linking LDL to the arterial extracellular matrix and much more |journal=Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. |volume=22 |issue= 2 |pages= 211–7 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11834518 |doi=10.1161/hq0102.101551 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mead JR, Irvine SA, Ramji DP |title=Lipoprotein lipase: structure, function, regulation, and role in disease |journal=J. Mol. Med. |volume=80 |issue= 12 |pages= 753–69 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12483461 |doi= 10.1007/s00109-002-0384-9 }}
}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
* {{MeshName|Lipoprotein+lipase}}
{{hydrolase-stub}}
{{Esterases}}
{{Lipoproteins}}
[[Category:EC 3.1.1]]
[[de:Lipoproteinlipase]]
[[fr:Lipoprotéine lipase]]
[[it:Lipoproteina lipasi]]
[[ru:Липопротеинлипаза]]
[[sv:Lipoproteinlipas]]
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