List of Antarctic expeditions 4285595 222274024 2008-06-28T13:18:48Z Angusmclellan 203730 Disambiguate [[Little America]] to [[Little America (exploration base)]] using [[:en:Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups|popups]] [[Image:antarctica.jpg|thumb|300px||Territorial claims of Antarctica]] This '''List of Antarctic expeditions''' is a [[chronological]] list of [[expeditions]] involving [[Antarctica]]. ==Pre-expedition== *600 - 300 [[BCE]] [[Greek philosophy|Greek Philosophers]] theorize [[Spherical Earth]] with the [[antipodes]] [[North Pole|North]] and [[South Pole|South]] [[Polar region]]s. *150 [[CE]] [[Ptolemy]] published [[Geographia (Ptolemy)|Geographia]], which notes [[Terra Australis|Terra Australis Incognita]] ==Pre-1800s== *1487 [[Bartolomeu Dias]] first to sail around [[Cape of Good Hope]] crosses (40° S) *1497 [[Vasco da Gama]] sails to [[White River, South Africa]] *[[1522]] [[Ferdinand Magellan]] - first [[circumnavigation]] discovers [[Strait of Magellan]] (54º S) *1525 [[Francisco de Hoces]], member of the [[Loaísa Expedition]] - thought to see ''Land's End'' (56º S) *1578 [[Francis Drake]] discovers [[Drake Passage]] *1599 [[Dirk Gerritsz]] - potentially sails to (64° S) *1603 [[Gabriel de Castilla]] - potentially sails to (64° S) *1615 [[Jacob le Maire]] and [[Willem Schouten]] first to sail around [[Cape Horn]] cross (56° S) *1619 [[Garcia de Nodal expedition]] – circumnavigate [[Tierra del Fuego]] and discover [[Diego Ramirez Islands]] ({{coor dm|56|30|S|68|43|W}}) *1642 – 1643 [[Abel Tasman]] discovers [[New Zealand]] and [[Tasmania]] (44° S) *1675 [[Anthony de la Roché]] discovers [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands|South Georgia]] ({{coor dms|54|15|00|S|36|45|00|W|}}), the first ever land discovered south of the [[Antarctic Convergence]] *1698 – 1699 [[Edmond Halley]] sails to (52° S) *1720 [[Captain George Shelvocke]] – sails to (61° 30’S) *1739 [[Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier]] – discovers [[Bouvet Island]] ({{coor dm|54|26|S|3|24|E|}}) *1771 [[James Cook]] – [[HM Bark Endeavour]] expedition *1771 – 1772 [[French Antarctic Expedition|First French Antarctic Expedition]] - led by [[Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec]] discovers [[Kerguelen Islands]] ({{coor dm|49|15|S|69|35|E|}}) *1772 - 1775 [[James Cook]] – sails [[HMS Resolution (Cook)|HMS Resolution]] crossing [[Antarctic Circle]] in January 1773 and December 1773. On [[30 January]] [[1774]] he reaches 71°10’ S, his [[Farthest South]], coming within about 75 miles of the Antarctic mainland. ==1800s== *1819 [[William Smith (mariner)|William Smith]] discovers [[South Shetland Islands]] ({{coor dm|62|00|S|058|00|W|}}), the first ever land discovered south of 60° south latitude. *1819 [[San Telmo (ship)|San Telmo]] wrecks in the [[Drake Passage]] off [[Livingston Island]] *1819 – 1821 [[Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen]] – on [[January 27]], [[1820]], discovers Antarctica mainland at [[Princess Martha Coast]] ({{coor dms|69|21|28|S|2|14|50|W|}}) *1820 [[Edward Bransfield]] & [[William Smith (mariner)|William Smith]] – on [[January 30]], [[1820]], sight [[Trinity Peninsula]] ({{coor dm|63|37|S|058|20|W|}}) *1820 [[Nathaniel Palmer]] sights Antarctica on [[November 17]], [[1820]] *1821 [[John Davis (sealer)|John Davis]] – on [[February 7]], [[1821]] disputed claim of setting foot on Antarctica at [[Hughes Bay]] ({{coor dm|64|13|S|61|20|W|}}) *1823 – 1824 [[James Weddell]] – on [[February 20]], [[1823]] his ship Jane (160 tons) reached a new [[Farthest South]] of 74°15’ S ({{coor dm|74|15|S|30|12|W|}}) *1830 – 1832 [[Southern Ocean Expedition]] – sight [[Enderby Land]] ({{coor dm|67|30|S|53|0|E|}}) and [[Adelaide Island]] ({{coor d|67.25|S|68.5|W|}}) *1837 – 1840 [[French Antarctic Expedition|Second French Antarctic Expedition]] – led by [[Jules Dumont d'Urville]] discovers [[Adelie Land]] (66° S) *1838 – 1839 [[John Balleny]] discovers [[Balleny Islands]] ({{coor dm|66|55|S|163|45|E|}}) *1838 – 1842 [[United States Exploring Expedition]] – led by [[Charles Wilkes]] to [[Antarctic Peninsula]] ({{coor dm|69|30|S|065|00|W|}}) and eastern Antarctica *1839 – 1843 [[James Clark Ross]] discovered the [[Ross Ice Shelf]], [[Ross Sea]], [[Mount Erebus]], [[Mount Terror (Antarctica)|Mount Terror]] and [[Victoria Land]]; extended his [[Farthest South]] to 78°10’ S on [[23 January]] [[1842]] *1892 - 1893 (Jason expedition with [[Carl Anton Larsen]], 1st person to ski in Antarctica) *1892 – 1893 [[Dundee Whaling Expedition]] discover [[Dundee Island]] ({{coor dm|63|30|S|055|55|W|}}) *1893 - 1894 (Whaling Expedition with Carl Anton Larsen) *1893 – 1895 [[Henryk Bull]], [[Carstens Borchgrevink]] and [[Alexander von Tunzelmann]] – set foot on Antarctica at [[Cape Adare]] *1897 – 1899 [[Belgian Antarctic Expedition]] – led by [[Adrien de Gerlache]] *1898 – 1900 [[Southern Cross Expedition]], [[Carsten Borchgrevink]] – sails to [[Cape Adare]], winters on Antarctica and takes [[Farthest South]] on [[16 February]] [[1900]] at 78°50’ S ==1900s== * 1901 — 1904 [[Discovery Expedition]] - led by [[Robert Falcon Scott]], on [[December 30]], [[1903]], reached (82° 17’S) * 1901 — 1903 [[Gauss expedition]] (or [[Gauss expedition|First German Antarctic Expedition]]) - led by [[Erich von Drygalski]] * 1901 — 1903 [[Swedish Antarctic Expedition]] – led by [[Otto Nordenskjöld]] with captain [[Carl Anton Larsen]] * 1902 — 1904 [[Scottish National Antarctic Expedition]] – led by [[William Speirs Bruce]] * 1903 — 1905 [[French Antarctic Expedition|Third French Antarctic Expedition]] – led by [[Jean-Baptiste Charcot]] * 1907 — 1909 [[Nimrod Expedition]] – On [[January 9]], [[1909]], [[Ernest Shackleton]] reached 88'23S ([[Farthest South]]), and on [[January 16]], [[1909]], Professor [[Edgeworth David]] reached the [[South Magnetic Pole]] at ({{coor dm|72|25|S|155|16|E}}) (mean position) * 1908 — 1910 [[French Antarctic Expedition|Fourth French Antarctic Expedition]] – led by [[Jean-Baptiste Charcot]] * 1910 — 1912 [[Japanese Antarctic Expedition]] - led by [[Nobu Shirase]] * 1910 — 1912 [[Amundsen's South Pole expedition|Roald Amundsen's South Pole expedition]] - On [[December 14]], [[1911]], reached the [[South Pole]] (90° S) * 1910 — 1913 [[Terra Nova Expedition]] - On [[January 17]], [[1912]], [[Robert Falcon Scott]], reached the [[South Pole]] (90° S) * 1911 — 1913 [[Second German Antarctic Expedition]] - led by [[Wilhelm Filchner]] * 1911 — 1914 [[Australasian Antarctic Expedition]] – led by [[Douglas Mawson]] * 1914 — 1916 [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]] – led by [[Ernest Shackleton]] * 1914 — 1917 [[Ross Sea Party]] – led by [[Aeneas Mackintosh]] :: The last expedition of the [[Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration]] * 1921 — 1922 [[Shackleton-Rowett Expedition]] – led by [[Ernest Shackleton]] * 1929 — 1931 [[British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition]] * 1928 — 1930 [[Richard Evelyn Byrd]] - First expedition * 1931 [[H Halvorsen]] - discovered [[Princess Astrid Coast]] * 1931 [[Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen]] - flew over Antarctica, discovered [[Prince Olav Coast|Kronprins Olav Kyst]] * 1933 — 1935 [[Richard Evelyn Byrd]] - Second expedition * 1933 — 1939 [[Lincoln Ellsworth]] – Aircraft expedition * 1934 — 1937 [[British Graham Land Expedition]] * 1936 [[Lars Christensen]] - dropped Norwegian flag over [[Prince Harald Coast]] * 1938 [[Third German Antarctic Expedition]] ([[New Swabia]], or ''[[New Swabia|Neuschwabenland]]'', claimed for [[Nazi Germany]]) - led by [[Alfred Ritscher]] * 1939 — 1941 [[United States Antarctic Service Expedition]] – led by [[Richard Evelyn Byrd]] * 1943 — 1945 [[Operation Tabarin]] - led by Lieutenant [[James Marr]] * 1946 — 1946 [[Operation Highjump]] – led by [[Richard Evelyn Byrd]] * 1947 — [[First Chilean Antarctic Expedition]] * 1947 — 1948 [[Operation Windmill]] – led by Commander [[Gerald Ketchum]] * 1947 — 1946 [[Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition]] – led by [[Finn Ronne]] * 1949 — 1952 [[Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition]] – led by [[John Giaever]] * 1955 — 1956 [[Operation Deep Freeze]] - led by [[Richard Evelyn Byrd]] * 1955 — 1957 [[1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by [[Mikhail Somov]] * 1956 [[Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station]] established * 1956 — 1958 [[Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition]] – led by [[Vivian Fuchs]] * 1956 — 1958 [[2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by [[Aleksei Treshnikov]] * 1957 — 1958 [[International Geophysical Year]] * 1957 [[Scott Base]] established * 1957 — 1958 [[Luncke Expedition]] * 1957 — 1959 [[3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by [[Yevgeny Tolstikov]] * 1958 — 1960 [[4th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by [[Aleksandr Dralkin]] * 1959 — 1961 [[5th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by [[Yevgeny Korotkevich]] * 1960 [[SANAE|South African National Antarctic Expedition]] * 1960 — 1962 [[6th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by V.Driatsky * 1961 — 1963 [[7th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by [[Aleksandr Dralkin]] * 1962 — 1962 [[Vostok traverse]] - led by [[Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions]] ([[ANARE]]) * 1962 — 1964 [[8th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by [[Mikhail Somov]] * 1963 — 1965 [[9th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by [[Mikhail Somov]] * 1964 — 1966 [[10th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by M.Ostrekin, I.Petrov * 1965 — 1967 [[11th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by D.Maksutov, [[Leonid Dubrovin]] * 1966 — 1968 [[12th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by [[Pavel Senko]] and [[Vladislav Gerbovich]] * 1967 — 1969 [[13th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by [[Aleksei Treshnikov]] * 1968 — 1970 [[14th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by D.Maksutov, [[Ernst Krenkel]] * 1969 — 1971 [[15th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by [[Pavel Senko]] and [[Vladislav Gerbovich]] * 1970 — 1972 [[16th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by I.Petrov and [[Yury Tarbeyev]] * 1971 — 1973 [[17th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by [[Yevgeny Korotkevich]], V.Averyanov * 1972 — 1974 [[18th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by [[Pavel Senko]] * 1973 — 1975 [[19th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by D.Maksutov, V.Ignatov * 1974 — 1976 [[20th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by V.Serdyukov, N.Kornilov * 1975 — 1977 [[21st Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by O.Sedov, G.Bardin * 1976 — 1978 [[22nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by N.Tyabin, [[Leonid Dubrovin]] * 1977 — 1979 [[23rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by V.Serdyukov, O.Sedov * 1978 — 1980 [[24th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by A.Artemyev, O.Sedov *1979 [[Air New Zealand Flight 901]] – airplane crash * 1979 — 1980 [[25th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by N.Kornilov, N.Tyabin * 1980 — 1981 [[Transglobe Expedition]] - led by [[Ranulph Fiennes]] * 1980 — 1982 [[26th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by V.Serdyukov, V.Shamontyev * 1981 — 1983 [[27th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by D.Maksutov, R.Galkin * 1982 [[Falkland Islands War]] * 1982 — 1984 [[28th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by N.Kornilov, A.Artemyev * 1983 — 1985 [[29th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] - led by N.Tyabin, L.Bulatov * 1984 - 1985 [[1st Uruguayan Antarctic Expedition - Antarkos I]] Led by Lt.Col. Omar Porciúncula * 1984 — 1986 [[30th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] - led by D.Maksutov, R.Galkin * 1985 — 1987 [[31st Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by N.Tyabin, V.Dubovtsev * 1986 — 1988 [[32nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by V.Klokov, V.Vovk * 1987 [[Iceberg B-9]] calves and carries away [[Little America (exploration base)|Little America]]s I - III * 1987 — 1989 [[33rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by N.A.Kornilov, Yu.A.Khabarov * 1987 — 1988 [[First Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition]] — [[St. Kliment Ohridski Base]] established * 1988 — 1990 [[34th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by S.M.Pryamikov, L.V.Bulatov * 1989 — 1991 [[35th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by V.M.Piguzov * 1991 — 1992 [[36th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]] — led by [[Lev Savatyugin]] * 1996 [[Lake Vostok]] discovered ==2000s== * 2004 [[BELARE Expedition]] * 2004 – 2005 [[Tangra 2004/05]] created [[Camp Academia]]. * 2005 [[BELARE 2005 Logistics Survey Expedition]] * 2006 – 2007 [http://www.teamn2i.com/ Team n2i] [[Kite Skiing]] expedition to the [[Southern Pole of Inaccessibility]]. [[Rupert Longsdon]], [[Henry Cookson]], [[Rory Sweet]] and guide [[Paul Landry]]. * 2007 [http://www.britishgrahamlandexpedition2007.co.uk/ British Graham Land Expedition] Independent Mountaineering expedition to the [[Antarctic Peninsula]]. * 2007 Independent South African expedition by explorers [[Sibusiso Vilane]] and Alex Harris. * 2007 - 2008 [[Norwegian-U.S. Scientific Traverse of East Antarctica]] [http://traverse.npolar.no/] * 2008 - British Antarctic Survey (Bas) led by Hugh Corr and David Vaughan, on the 2,200 years (ago) volcanic eruption.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7194579.stm BBC NEWS, Ancient Antarctic eruption noted]</ref> ==Agreements== * 1959 [[Antarctic Treaty System]] * 1964 [[Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora]] * 1978 [[Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals]] * 1982 [[Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources]] * 1988 [[Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities]] * 1998 [[Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty]] ==See also== *[[Farthest South]] *[[Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions]] *[[History of Antarctica]] *[[List of research stations in Antarctica]] *[[List of Antarctic expeditions by the Soviet Union]] ==References== *Savatyugin, L.M., Preobrazhenskaya, M.A. ''Russian Exploration of Antarctica'' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: Российские исследования в Антарктике), published by Gidrometeoizdat, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of Russian Federation (Roshydromet), in 3 volumes ([http://www.aari.nw.ru/misc/publicat/docs/savatugin/savatugin.htm vol.1]:1st to 20th SAE;[http://www.aari.nw.ru/misc/publicat/docs/savatugin2/savatugin.htm vol.2]:21st to 30th SAE; [http://www.aari.nw.ru/misc/publicat/docs/savatugin3/savatugin.htm vol.3]:31st SAE to 40th RAE), Saint Petersburg, 1999, ISBN 5-286-01265-5 *''Soviet Antarctic Expedition'' : information bulletin., Amsterdam: Elsevier Pub. Co. ; New York: American Elsevier Pub. Co., 1964-, ISSN 0038-5271 ==Further reading== * Headland, Robert K. (1990). ''Chronological List of Antarctic Expeditions and Related Historical Events''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-30903-4 *Landis, Marilyn J. (2003). ''Antarctica: Exploring the Extreme: 400 Years of Adventure''. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 1-55652-480-3 ==External links== *[http://www.fram.museum.no/en/default.asp?page=159 Map of Antarctic Expeditions 1772 - 1931] at [[Fram Museum|The Fram Museum (Frammuseet)]] *[http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/resources/expeditions/ Index to Antarctic Expeditions] - at the Scott Polar Research Institute's website *[http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/bas_research/data/access/bedmap/database/bibliography.html Antarctic Expeditions] - information about some of them from the British Antarctic Survey *[http://www.antarctic-circle.org/timeline.htm Chronologies and Timelines of Antarctic Exploration] ==References== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> [[Category:Explorers of Antarctica| ]] [[Category:Exploration of Antarctica| ]] [[Category:History-related lists|Antarctica expeditions]] [[Category:Scientific expeditions]] [[de:Liste der Antarktisexpeditionen]] [[es:Anexo:Expediciones antárticas]] [[ml:അന്റാര്‍ട്ടിക്കാ പര്യവേഷണങ്ങളുടെ പട്ടിക]] [[sr:Хронолошки преглед открића Антарктика]]