List of Apollo astronauts 5144973 226002379 2008-07-16T11:51:31Z 87.122.69.237 [[Image:NASA Apollo 17 Lunar Roving Vehicle.jpg|right|thumb|220px|[[Eugene Andrew Cernan|Eugene Cernan]] operating the [[Lunar rover]] during [[Apollo 17]]]] This is a list of all '''[[astronaut]]s''' directly associated with [[NASA]]'s '''[[Project Apollo|Apollo program]]'''. A total of thirty-eight astronauts flew in an [[Apollo spacecraft]], twenty-nine of whom were part of the Apollo program, the rest being [[Skylab]] and [[Apollo-Soyuz]] astronauts. Twenty-four of the Apollo program astronauts left [[Earth]]'s [[orbit]] and flew around the [[Moon]] ([[Apollo 7]] and [[Apollo 9]] did not leave [[low Earth orbit]]). Twelve of those astronauts landed on the [[Moon]] and walked on its surface, and six of those drove a [[Lunar rover]] on the Moon. While three astronauts had flown to the Moon twice, none of them landed on the Moon more than once. The nine Apollo missions to the moon all occurred between December [[1968]] and December [[1972]]. Apart from those twenty-four people who visited the moon, no human being has ever left [[low Earth orbit]]. They have, therefore, been further from the Earth than anyone else. They are also the only people to have seen the [[far side of the Moon]] directly. The twelve who walked on the moon are the only people ever to have set foot on an [[astronomical object]] other than the Earth. ==Project Apollo fatalities== [[Image:Apollo1-Crew 01.jpg|thumb|right|Apollo 1 Crew (L-R: Gus Grissom, Ed White, Roger Chaffee)]] Although there were no in-flight fatalities in the Apollo program, three astronauts died in a training accident that was later called [[Apollo 1]]. They were stuck in a capsule on the launch pad when a fire broke out. The 100 percent oxygen atmosphere and flammable materials were cited as factors worsening the wiring-short sparked fire, while the hatch design precluded any hope of a timely escape. Numerous redesigns were incorporated into the spacecraft before manned flights resumed. #[[Virgil Grissom|Virgil "Gus" Grissom]] - rumors claim he would have been the first man on the Moon if he had not died<ref>''Detailed Biographies of Apollo I Crew - Gus Grissom'' [http://history.nasa.gov/Apollo204/zorn/grissom.htm], Mary C. Zornio, NASA, accessed July 19, 2006. </ref> #[[Edward Higgins White|Edward White]] #[[Roger B. Chaffee]] ===Other related fatalities in the Apollo program=== #[[Edward Givens]] - Car accident near [[Houston, Texas]] on June 6, 1967, was on support crew of [[Apollo 7]] #[[Clifton Williams]] - Plane crash near [[Tallahassee, Florida]] on October 5, 1967, was on back-up crew for [[Apollo 9]]. ==People who have walked on the Moon== As of 2008, twelve people have walked on the Moon. No one has walked on the Moon since 1972. {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#cccccc" |width="20px" | |width="120px"| '''Name''' |width="70px" | '''Born''' |width="85px" | '''Age on<br>First Step''' |width="70px" | '''Mission''' |width="130px"| '''Lunar [[Extra-vehicular activity|EVA]] dates''' |width="100px" | '''Age today''' |- bgcolor="#ddeeff" | 1 || [[Neil Armstrong]]|| 5 August 1930 || 38y 11m 15d |rowspan="2"| [[Apollo 11]] ||rowspan="2"| July 21, 1969 || {{age|1930|08|05}} |- bgcolor="#ddeeff" | 2 || [[Buzz Aldrin]]|| 20 January 1930 ||| 39y 6m 0d || {{age|1930|01|20}} |- bgcolor="#ffe8e8" | 3 || [[Pete Conrad]]|| 2 June 1930 || 39y 5m 17d |rowspan="2"| [[Apollo 12]] ||rowspan="2"| November 19-20, 1969 || died 8 July 1999, age 69 |- bgcolor="#ffe8e8" | 4 || [[Alan Bean]]|| 15 March 1932 || 37y 8m 4d || {{age|1932|03|15}} |- bgcolor="#ddeeff" | 5 || [[Alan Shepard]]|| 18 November 1923 || 47y 2m 18d |rowspan="2"| [[Apollo 14]] ||rowspan="2"| February 5-6, 1971 || died 21 July 1998, age 74 |- bgcolor="#ddeeff" | 6 || [[Edgar Mitchell]]|| 17 September 1930 || 40y 4m 19d || {{age|1930|09|17}} |- bgcolor="#ffe8e8" | 7 || [[David Scott]]|| 6 June 1932 || 39y 1m 25d |rowspan="2"| [[Apollo 15]] ||rowspan="2"| July 31&ndash;August 2, 1971 || {{age|1932|06|06}} |- bgcolor="#ffe8e8" | 8 || [[James Irwin]]|| 17 March 1930 || 41y 4m 14d || died 8 August 1991, age 61 |- bgcolor="#ddeeff" | 9 || [[John Watts Young|John W. Young]]|| 24 September 1930 || 41y 6m 28d |rowspan="2"| [[Apollo 16]] ||rowspan="2"| April 21-23, 1972 || {{age|1930|09|24}} |- bgcolor="#ddeeff" | 10 || [[Charles Moss Duke, Jr.|Charles Duke]]|| 3 October 1935 || 36y 6m 18d || {{age|1935|10|03}} |- bgcolor="#ffe8e8" | 11 || [[Eugene Andrew Cernan|Eugene Cernan]]|| 14 March 1934 || 38y 9m 7d |rowspan="2"| [[Apollo 17]] ||rowspan="2"| December 11-14, 1972 || {{age|1934|03|14}} |- bgcolor="#ffe8e8" | 12 || [[Harrison Schmitt]]|| 3 July 1935 || 37y 5m 8d || {{age|1935|07|03}} |} Duke was the youngest, at age 36 (+6mo); Shepard was the oldest, at age 47 (+2mo). [[James A. Lovell]], Young, and Cernan are the only three astronauts to fly more than one lunar mission (two each). Of these three, only Lovell did not walk on the lunar surface. Lovell and [[Fred Haise]] were prevented from walking on the Moon by the malfunction on [[Apollo 13]] that resulted in the mission being aborted. [[Joe Engle]] had also trained to explore the Moon with [[Gene Cernan]] as the backup crew for [[Apollo 14]], but Engle was later replaced by geologist [[Jack Schmitt]] when the primary crew for [[Apollo 17]] was selected. Schmitt had been crewed with [[Richard F. Gordon, Jr.|Dick Gordon]] in anticipation for [[Apollo 18]]. But when Apollo 18 was canceled, Schmitt bumped Engle, leaving Gordon as the last Apollo astronaut who had trained extensively for lunar exploration without ever getting a chance to fly a lunar landing. ==People who flew around the Moon without landing== On each of the missions listed above one astronaut orbited the Moon while the other two landed. In addition each of the ''Apollo 8'', ''Apollo 10'', and ''Apollo 13'' missions had a three-man crew and closely encountered the Moon (entering orbit in the case of the former two missions, while ''Apollo 13'' only passed around it). Thus twelve more people have been within a few hundred kilometers of the Moon (along with [[John W. Young|Young]] and [[Eugene Cernan|Cernan]] who flew out to the Moon and back without landing, but landed on subsequent missions): [[Image:Ap8-S68-56531.jpg|thumb|right|Apollo 8 was the first manned mission to reach the Moon (Frank Borman, center)]] #[[Frank Borman]] - ''[[Apollo 8]]'' #[[James A. Lovell|Jim Lovell]] - ''[[Apollo 8]]'', ''[[Apollo 13]]'' (intended to land) #[[William Anders]] - ''[[Apollo 8]]'' #[[Thomas Patten Stafford|Tom Stafford]] - ''[[Apollo 10]]'' #[[John W. Young|John Young]] - ''[[Apollo 10]]'' (later landed on ''[[Apollo 16]]'') #[[Eugene Cernan]] - ''[[Apollo 10]]'' (later landed on ''[[Apollo 17]]'') #[[Michael Collins (astronaut)|Michael Collins]] - ''[[Apollo 11]]'' #[[Richard F. Gordon, Jr.|Dick Gordon]] - ''[[Apollo 12]]'' (had been slated to land on ''[[Apollo 18]]'') <ref name="Cancelled Apollos"> ''Apollo 18 through 20 - The Cancelled Missions''[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo_18_20.html], Dr. David R. Williams, NASA, accessed July 19, 2006. </ref> #[[Jack Swigert]] - ''[[Apollo 13]]'' #[[Fred Haise]] - ''[[Apollo 13]]'' (intended to land; had been slated to land on ''[[Apollo 19]]'') <ref name="Cancelled Apollos" /> #[[Stuart Roosa]] - ''[[Apollo 14]]'' (he also have been slated to land on the moon with ''[[Apollo 21]]'' if missions beyond ''[[Apollo 20]]'' had been planned) #[[Alfred M. Worden|Al Worden]] - ''[[Apollo 15]]'' #[[Ken Mattingly]] - ''[[Apollo 16]]'' #[[Ronald Evans]] - ''[[Apollo 17]]'' ==Other Apollo astronauts== [[Image:GPN-2000-001100.jpg|thumb|right|Dave Scott's spacewalk on Apollo 9]] [[Apollo 7]] and [[Apollo 9]] orbited the Earth only; therefore these five Apollo astronauts never went to the Moon: #[[Walter Schirra]] - ''[[Apollo 7]]'' #[[Donn Eisele]] - ''[[Apollo 7]]'' (was on backup-crew for [[Apollo 10]]'') #[[Walter Cunningham]] - ''[[Apollo 7]]'' #[[James McDivitt]] - ''[[Apollo 9]]'' #[[Rusty Schweickart]] - ''[[Apollo 9]]'' (was on backup-crew for [[Skylab 2]]) ([[David Scott]] from Apollo 9 went on to land on the Moon in [[Apollo 15]].) ===Backup crewmembers who never flew an Apollo flight=== Each Apollo flight had a backup crew who trained to carry out the mission if the original crew was unable to fly. Only one backup crew member was ever used: [[Jack Swigert]] switched places with [[Ken Mattingly]] after Mattingly had been exposed to [[German measles]] a few days prior to the launch of [[Apollo 13]]. (Mattingly later flew aboard [[Apollo 16]]). However, shortly before the launch of [[Apollo 17]], [[Eugene Cernan]] badly injured his leg playing softball and only just recovered in time for the mission. Had he been unable to fly he would have been replaced by back-up commander [[John Young (astronaut)|John Young]], who would have become the only man to walk on the moon twice and would have done so on consecutive missions. #[[Gordon Cooper]] - backup commander for ''[[Apollo 10]]'' - lost the primary commander slot on ''[[Apollo 13]]'' to Alan Shepard, and resigned from NASA in [[1970]]. #[[Joseph Henry Engle]] - backup lunar module pilot for ''[[Apollo 14]]'' - lost the primary pilot slot on ''[[Apollo 17]]'' to Harrison Schmitt after the cancellation of ''[[Apollo 18]]''. Engle later flew on the [[Space Shuttle Enterprise|Space Shuttle ''Enterprise'']] and commanded [[STS-2]] with astronaut [[Richard Truly]] in 1981. He also commanded Discovery on [[STS-51-I]] in 1985. #[[Don Leslie Lind|Don Lind]] - backup command module pilot for ''[[Skylab 3]] and [[Skylab 4]]'' (he also may have been slated to land on the moon with [[Apollo 21]] if missions beyond [[Apollo 20]] had been planned). Lind later flew on the space shuttle mission [[STS-51-B]]. ==Astronauts who flew on Apollo, listed by class== [[Image:AstronautAssignmentsChart.PNG|thumb|right|A chart showing astronaut assignments leading up to and during the Apollo era.]] From the [[Mercury Seven]] * [[Wally Schirra|Walter Marty Schirra, Jr.]], USN – [[Apollo 7]] * [[Alan Shepard|Alan Bartlett Shepard, Jr.]], USN – [[Apollo 14]] From [[Astronaut Group 2]] * [[Neil Armstrong|Neil Alden Armstrong]], USN – [[Apollo 11]] * [[Frank Borman|Frank Frederick Borman II]], USAF – [[Apollo 8]] * [[Pete Conrad|Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr.]], USN – [[Apollo 12]], [[Skylab 2]] * [[Jim Lovell|James Arthur Lovell, Jr.]], USN – [[Apollo 8]], [[Apollo 13]] * [[James McDivitt|James Alton McDivitt]], USAF – [[Apollo 9]] * [[Thomas Patten Stafford]], USAF – [[Apollo 10]], [[Apollo-Soyuz Test Project]] * [[John Watts Young]], USN – [[Apollo 10]], [[Apollo 16]] From [[Astronaut Group 3]] * [[Buzz Aldrin]], USAF – [[Apollo 11]] * [[William Anders|William Alison Anders]], USAF – [[Apollo 8]] * [[Alan Bean|Alan LaVern Bean]], USN – [[Apollo 12]], [[Skylab 3]] * [[Eugene Andrew Cernan]], USN – [[Apollo 10]], [[Apollo 17]] * [[Michael Collins (astronaut)|Michael Collins]], USAF – [[Apollo 11]] * [[Walter Cunningham]], USMC – [[Apollo 7]] * [[Donn F. Eisele|Donn Fulton Eisele]], USAF – [[Apollo 7]] * [[Richard F. Gordon, Jr.|Richard Francis Gordon, Jr.]], USN – [[Apollo 12]] * [[Rusty Schweickart|Russell Louis "Rusty" Schweickart]], USAF – [[Apollo 9]] * [[David Scott|David Randolph Scott]], USAF – [[Apollo 9]], [[Apollo 15]] From [[Astronaut Group 4]] * [[Harrison Schmitt|Harrison Hagan "Jack" Schmitt]] – [[Apollo 17]] From [[Astronaut Group 5]] * [[Charles Moss Duke, Jr.]], USAF – [[Apollo 16]] * [[Ronald Evans|Ronald Ellwin Evans, Jr.]], USN – [[Apollo 17]] * [[Fred Haise|Fred Wallace Haise, Jr.]], USMC – [[Apollo 13]] * [[James Irwin|James Benson Irwin]], USAF – [[Apollo 15]] * [[Ken Mattingly|Thomas Kenneth Mattingly II]], USN – [[Apollo 16]] * [[Edgar Dean Mitchell]], USN – [[Apollo 14]] * [[Stuart Roosa|Stuart Allen Roosa]], USAF – [[Apollo 14]] * [[Jack Swigert|John Leonard "Jack" Swigert, Jr.]], USAF – [[Apollo 13]] * [[Alfred Worden|Alfred Merrill Worden]], USAF – [[Apollo 15]] In addition, the following astronauts flew on Post-Apollo missions using Apollo hardware: From the [[Mercury Seven]] * [[Deke Slayton|Donald Kent "Deke" Slayton]], USAF – [[Apollo-Soyuz Test Project]] From [[Astronaut Group 4]] * [[Owen K. Garriott|Owen Kay Garriott]] – [[Skylab 3]] * [[Edward Gibson|Edward George Gibson]] – [[Skylab 4]] * [[Joseph P. Kerwin|Joseph Peter Kerwin]], USN – [[Skylab 2]] From [[Astronaut Group 5]] * [[Vance D. Brand|Vance DeVoe Brand]], USMC – [[Skylab Rescue]] (never flown), [[Apollo-Soyuz Test Project]] * [[Gerald P. Carr|Gerald Paul Carr]], USMC (had been slated to land by [[Apollo 19]]) – [[Skylab 4]] * [[Jack R. Lousma|Jack Robert Lousma]] USMC, (had been slated to land on the moon by [[Apollo 20]]) - [[Skylab 3]] * [[William R. Pogue|William Reid Pogue]], USAF – [[Skylab 4]] * [[Paul J. Weitz|Paul Joseph Weitz]], USN – [[Skylab 2]] ==See also== {{Space exploration lists and timelines}} ==References== <!-- ---------------------------------------------------------- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for a discussion of different citation methods and how to generate footnotes using the <ref>, </ref> and <reference /> tags ----------------------------------------------------------- --> <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> * {{cite web | date = January 30, 2004 | url = http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/apollo/ | title = Human Space Flight - Apollo History | publisher = NASA | accessdate = 2007-01-08 }} * [http://history.nasa.gov/ap11-35ann/missions.html One Giant Leap for Mankind]: 35th Anniversary of Apollo 11, NASA, Michael Makara, accessed July 14, 2006 [[Category:Lists of astronauts|Apollo]] [[Category:People who have walked on the Moon| ]] [[Category:Lists of American people|Apollo]] [[bg:Списък на лунни астронавти]] [[it:Lista degli astronauti che hanno camminato sulla Luna]] [[nl:Astronauten op de Maan]] [[ru:Список астронавтов США — участников лунных экспедиций]] [[sk:Zoznam lunárnych astronautov]] [[tr:Ay Astronotları]] [[zh:阿波罗宇航员列表]]