List of English monarchs
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2008-07-13T06:03:11Z
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{{three other uses|<!--Not used-->|the various rulers of the kingdoms within England prior to its formal unification, during the [[Heptarchy]]|Bretwalda|British monarchs since the [[Union of England and Scotland]]|List of British monarchs|monarchs that have reigned over the various kingdoms and other states that have existed in the British Isles throughout recorded history|List of monarchs in the British Isles}}
{{dablink|"King of England", and "Queen of England" redirect here. For an overview of the system itself, see [[British monarchy]] and [[Constitutional monarchy#Constitutional monarchy in the United Kingdom|Constitutional monarchy in the United Kingdom]].}}
:''See also: [[List of English consorts]].''
[[Image:England COA.svg|thumb|250px|The Royal Arms of England, as introduced by King [[Richard I of England|Richard the Lionheart]] in 1198, and before its later quarterings with other shields, additions of supporters and other embellishments]]This is a list of the '''monarchs of the [[Kingdom of England]]'''. The first ruler in [[Great Britain|Britain]] to adopt the title ''King of the English'' (''Rex Anglorum'' in Latin) was [[Offa of Mercia]] in 774, though the continuous list of English monarchs traditionally begins with [[Egbert of Wessex]] in 829. The English kingdom was not permanently unified until 927, under [[Athelstan of England|Athelstan]]. [[Wales]] was annexed in 1536, and England underwent union with [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] in 1707 to form the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]]. Since that date the title ''King'' or ''Queen'' ''of England'' is incorrect, though has remained in wide usage to the present day.
''For the reigning Queen of the United Kingdom- including England see [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom]]''
==English monarchs==
===House of Wessex===
''The continuous list traditionally starts with Egbert, [[List of monarchs of Wessex|King of Wessex]] from 802, the first King of Wessex to have overlordship over much of England.<ref>[http://www.burkes-peerage.net/articles/roking01.aspx Burke's Peerage & Gentry] URL last accessed [[7 September]] [[2007]].</ref> He defeated the [[Mercia]]ns and became [[Bretwalda]] in 829. Permanent unity was not achieved until 927, under Athelstan.''
{{English Monarchs - table header}}
|width=auto| '''[[Egbert of Wessex|Egbert]]'''<br>(''Ecgberht'')<br>829-839<ref name=ThePeerage10262>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10262.htm#i102615 |title=thePeerage.com - Æthelbald, King of Wessex and others |accessdate=2007-10-24 }}</ref> || [[Image:Egbert.jpg|100px|Egbert]] || c.775<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=egbert |title=King Egbert |accessdate=2007-10-24 }}</ref><br>son of [[Ealhmund of Kent]]<ref name=ThePeerage10262 /> || [[Redburga]]<br>3 children<ref name=ThePeerage10262 /> || [[4 February]] [[839]]<br>aged about 64<ref name=ThePeerage10262 />
|-
|width=auto| '''[[Ethelwulf of Wessex|Ethelwulf]]'''<br>(''Æþelwulf'')<br>[[5 February]]<br>839-856 || [[Image:Athelwulf.jpg|100px|Ethelwulf]] || [[Aachen]]<br>son of Egbert and Redburga || (1) [[Osburga]]<br>6 children<br>(2) [[Judith of Flanders]]<br>[[1 October]] [[853]]<br>no children || [[13 January]] [[858]]<br>62 or 63<ref>[http://www.burkes-peerage.net/articles/roking01.aspx Burke's Peerage & Gentry] URL last accessed [[7 September]] [[2007]].</ref>
|-
|width=auto| '''[[Ethelbald of Wessex|Ethelbald]]'''<br>(''Æþelbald'')<br>856-860 || <small>[[Image:Aethelbald of wessex eb.jpg|100px]]</small>|| c.831<br>son of Ethelwulf and Osburga || [[Judith of Flanders]]<br>no children || [[20 December]] [[860]]<br>aged about 29<ref>[http://www.burkes-peerage.net/articles/roking01.aspx Burke's Peerage & Gentry] URL last accessed [[7 September]] [[2007]].</ref>
|-
|width=auto| '''[[Ethelbert of Wessex|Ethelbert]]'''<br>(''Æþelberht'')<br>[[21 December]]<br>860-865 || [[Image:Ethelbert coin.jpg|100px|Coin of Ethelbert]] || c.835<br>son of Ethelwulf and Osburga || unknown<br>2 children || 865<br>aged about 30<ref>[http://www.burkes-peerage.net/articles/roking01.aspx Burke's Peerage & Gentry] URL last accessed [[7 September]] [[2007]].</ref>
|-
|width=auto| '''[[Ethelred of Wessex|Ethelred]]'''<br>(''Æþelræd'')<br>865-871 || [[Image:Ethelred coin.gif|100px|Coin of Ethelred]] || c.837<br>son of Ethelwulf and Osburga || [[Wulfrida]]<br>868<br>2 children || [[23 April]] [[871]]<br>aged about 34<ref>[http://www.burkes-peerage.net/articles/roking01.aspx Burke's Peerage & Gentry] URL last accessed [[7 September]] [[2007]].</ref>
|-
|width=auto| '''[[Alfred the Great]]'''<br>(''Ælfræd'')<br>[[24 April]]<br>871–899<ref name=ArchontologyAlfred>[http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/alfred.php Alfred (the Great) @ Archontology.org]. URL last accessed [[15 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || [[Image:KingAlfredStatueWantage.jpg|100px|Statue of Alfred the Great in Wantage]] || c.849<br>[[Wantage]]<br>son of Ethelwulf and Osburga<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01309d.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Alfred the Great]. URL last accessed [[14 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || [[Ealhswith]]<br>[[Winchester]]<br>868<br>6 children<ref>[http://www.geocities.com/missourimule_2000/alfredthegreat.html Alfred the Great]. URL last accessed [[14 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || [[26 October]] [[899]]<br>aged about 50<ref name=ArchontologyAlfred />
|-
| '''[[Edward the Elder]]'''<br>(''Eadweard'')<br>[[27 October]]<br>899–924<ref name=ArchontologyEdwardElder>[http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/edwrd_elder.php EADWEARD (Edward the Elder) @ Archontology.org]. URL last accessed on [[15 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || [[Image:Edward the Elder.jpg|100px|Edward the Elder]] || c.871-877<br>son of Alfred the Great and Ealhswith<ref>There are various references listing Edward the Elder's birth as sometime in the 870s, being the second child of a marriage of 868. There are no sources listing his birth as after 877. [http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=person&id=EdwardtheElder Anglo-Saxons.net : Edward the Elder]. URL last accessed on [[15 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || (1) Ecgwynn<br>893<br>3 children<br>(2) Aelffaed<br>c.902<br>10 children<br>(3) [[Edgiva of Kent]]<br>905<br>4 children<ref>[http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/saxon_7.htm English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edward the Elder]. URL last accessed on [[21 January]] [[2007]].</ref> || [[17 July]] [[924]]<br>[[Farndon, Cheshire]]<br>aged about 50<ref name=ArchontologyEdwardElder />
|-
|'''[[Ælfweard of Wessex|Elfward]]'''<br>(''Ælfweard'')<br>[[18 July]] -<br>[[2 August]] [[924]] || <small>''No image <br>available''</small>|| c.902<br>son of Edward the Elder and Aelffaed || unmarried || [[2 August]] [[924]]<br>aged about 22
|-
| '''[[Athelstan of England|Athelstan the Glorious]]'''<br>(''Æþelstan'')<br>[[3 August]]<br>924–939<ref name=ArchontologyAthelstan>[http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/aethelstan.php Aethelstan @ Archontology.org]. URL last accessed [[15 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || [[Image:King.athelstan.tomb.arp.jpg|100px|The tomb of King Athelstan in Malmesbury Abbey]] || 895<br>son of Edward the Elder and Ecgwynn<ref>[http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/adversaries/bios/aethelstan.html EBK: Aethelstan, King of the English]. URL last accessed [[15 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || unmarried<ref name=ArchontologyAthelstan /> || [[27 October]] [[939]]<br>aged about 44<ref name=ArchontologyAthelstan />
|-
| '''[[Edmund I of England|Edmund the Magnificent]]'''<br>(''Eadmund'')<br>[[28 October]]<br>939–946<ref name=ArchontologyEdmundMagnificent>[http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/edmund1.php EADMUND (Edmund) @ Archontology.org]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || [[Image:Edmund I of England.jpg|100px|Imaginary portrait of Edmund I]] || c.921<br>son of Edward the Elder and Edgiva of Kent<ref name=ArchontologyEdmundMagnificent /> || (1) Elgiva<br>3 children<br>(2) [[Æthelflæd of Damerham]]<br>944<br>no children<ref>[http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/saxon_9.htm English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edmund the Elder]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || [[26 May]] [[946]]<br>[[Pucklechurch]]<br>aged about 25 (murdered)<ref name=ArchontologyEdmundMagnificent />
|-
| '''[[Edred of England|Edred]]'''<br>(''Eadred'')<br>[[27 May]]<br>946–955<ref>[http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/eadred.php EADRED (Edred) @ Archontology.org]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || [[Image:Eadred.jpg|100px|Imaginary line engraving of Edred made by un unknown engraver after an unknown artist]] || c.923<br>son of Edward the Elder and Edgiva of Kent<ref name=EBKEdred>[http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/adversaries/bios/edred.html EBK: Edred, King of England]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || unmarried<ref name=EBKEdred /> || [[23 November]] [[955]]<br>[[Frome, Somerset|Frome]]<br>aged about 32<ref>[http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=edred BritRoyals - King Edred]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]].</ref>
|-
| '''[[Edwy of England|Edwy the Fair]]'''<br>(''Eadwig'')<br>[[24 November]]<br>955–959<ref name=ArchontologyEdwy>[http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/eadwig.php EADWIG (Edwy) @ Archontology.org]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || [[Image:Eadwig.jpg|100px|Line engraving of Edwy made by an unknown engraver after an unknown artist]] || c.940<br>son of Edmund the Magnificent and Elgiva<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05324a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Edwy]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || [[Elgiva]]<ref name=ArchontologyEdwy /> || [[1 October]] [[959]]<br>aged about 19<ref name=ArchontologyEdwy />
|-
| '''[[Edgar of England|Edgar the Peaceable]]'''<br>(''Eadgar'')<br>[[2 October]]<br>959–975<ref>[http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/edgar1.php EADGAR (Edgar the Peacemaker) @ Archontology.org]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || [[Image:Edgar.jpg|100px|King Edgar of England]] || c.943<br>Wessex<br>son of Edmund the Magnificent and Elgiva<ref name=EBKEdgar>[http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/adversaries/bios/edgar.html EBK: Edgar the Peacemaker, King of England]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || (1) Ethelflaed<br>c.960<br>1 son<br>(2) [[Ælfthryth, Queen of England|Ælfthryth]]<br>c.964<ref name=EBKEdgar /><br>2 sons || [[8 July]] [[975]]<br>Winchester<br>aged about 32<ref>[http://www.geocities.com/missourimule_2000/athelingtotheelder.html The Atheling]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]].</ref>
|-
| '''[[Edward the Martyr|Saint Edward the Martyr]]'''<br>(''Eadweard'')<br>[[9 July]]<br>975–978<ref name=ArchontologyEdwardMartyr>[http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/edwrd_martyr.php EADWEARD (Edward the Martyr) @ Archontology.org]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || [[Image:Edward Martyr.jpg|100px|St. Edward the Martyr]] || c.962<br>son of Edgar the Peaceable and Ethelflaed<ref>[http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/adversaries/bios/edwardmartyr.html EBK: Edward the Martyr, King of England]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || unmarried || [[18 March]] [[978]]<br>[[Corfe Castle]]<br>aged about 16 (assassinated)<ref name=ArchontologyEdwardMartyr />
|-
| '''[[Ethelred the Unready]]'''<br>(''Æþelræd Unræd'')<br>[[19 March]]<br>978–1016<ref name=ArchontologyEthelredUnready>Ethelred the Unready was forced to go into exile in the summer of 1013, following Danish attacks, but was invited back following Sweyn Forkbeard's death. [http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/aethelred.php AETHELRED (the Unready) @ Archontology.org]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]]</ref> || [[Image:EthelUn.jpg|100px|Image of Ethelred II with an oversize sword from the illuminated manuscript "The Chronicle of Abingdon"]] || c.968<br>son of Edgar the Peaceable and Ælfthryth<ref>[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/MEDethelred.htm Schoolnet Spartacus: Ethelred]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]]</ref> || (1) Ælflaed of Northumbria<br>4 children<br>(2) Aelgifu<br>991<br>6 children<br>(3) [[Emma of Normandy]]<br>1002<br>3 children<ref>[http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/saxon_14.htm English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Ethelred II, the Redeless]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]]</ref> || [[23 April]] [[1016]]<br>[[London]]<br>aged about 48<ref name=ArchontologyEthelredUnready />
|-
| '''[[Edmund Ironside]]'''<br>(''Eadmund'')<br>[[24 April]] –<br>[[30 November]] [[1016]]<ref name=ArchontologyEdmundIronside>[http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/edmund2.php EADMUND (Edmund the Ironside) @ Archontology.org]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]]</ref> || [[Image:Edmond II d'Angleterre.jpg|100px|Edmund Ironside]] || c.993<br>son of Ethelred the Unready and Ælflaed of Northumbria<ref name=ArchontologyEdmundIronside /> || Edith of East Anglia<br>2 children<ref name=EnglishMonarchsEdmundIronside>[http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/saxon_15.htm English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edmund Ironside]. URL last accessed [[17 March]] [[2007]]</ref> || [[30 November]] [[1016]]<br>[[Glastonbury]]<br>aged about 23<ref name=ArchontologyEdmundIronside /><ref name=EnglishMonarchsEdmundIronside />
|}
=== House of Denmark ===
''England came under the rule of Danish kings following the reign of Ethelred the Unready. Some, though not all, of these were also kings of [[List of Danish monarchs|Denmark]].''
{{English Monarchs - table header}}
| '''[[Sweyn I of Denmark|Sweyn Forkbeard]]'''<br>(''Svend Tveskæg'')<br>[[25 December]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/vikings.htm |title=English Monarchs |accessdate=2007-10-27 }}</ref><br> 1013–1014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/swen.php |title=Sweyn (Forkbeard) - Archontology.org |accessdate=2007-10-27 }}</ref> || [[Image:Sweyn.jpg|100px|Sweyn Forkbeard, from an architectural element in the Swansea Guildhall, Swansea, Wales]] || c.960<br>[[Denmark]]<br>son of [[Harald Bluetooth]] and [[Gyrid Olafsdotti]]<ref name=ThePeerageSweyn>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10242.htm#i102418 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10242 |accessdate=2007-10-27 }}</ref> || (1) [[Gunhilda of Poland]]<br>c.990<br>7 children<br>(2) [[Sigrid the Haughty]]<br>c.1000<br>1 daughter<ref name=ThePeerageSweyn /> || [[3 February]] [[1014]]<br>[[Gainsborough, Lincolnshire|Gainsborough]]<br>aged about 54<ref name=ThePeerageSweyn />
|-
| '''[[Canute the Great|Canute]]'''<br>(''Knud'')<br>[[1 December]]<br>1016–1035<ref name=ArchontologyCanute>[http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/canut.php CNUT (Canute) @ Archontology.org]. URL last accessed [[21 March]] [[2007]].</ref> || <!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[Image:CanuteGreat.JPG|100px]] -->|| c.995<br>son of Sweyn Forkbeard<ref name=ArchontologyCanute /> || (1) [[Aelgifu of Northampton]]<br>2 children<br>(2) [[Emma of Normandy]]<br>1017<ref name=ArchontologyCanute /> || [[12 November]] [[1035]]<br>[[Shaftesbury]]<br>aged about 40<ref name=ArchontologyCanute />
|-
| '''[[Harold Harefoot]]'''<br>(''Harald'')<br>[[13 November]]<br>1035–1040<ref name=ArchontologyHaroldHarefoot>Harold was only recognised as king north of the River Thames until 1037, after which he was recognised as king of all England. {{cite web |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/harold1.php |title=Harold (Harefoot) - Archontology.org |accessdate=2007-10-27 }}</ref> || [[Image:Harold Harefoot.jpg|100px]] || c.1016/7<br>son of Canute and Aelgifu of Northampton<ref name=ArchontologyHaroldHarefoot /> || Aelgifu<br>1 son<ref name=ThePeerageHaroldHarefootHarthacanute>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10220.htm |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10220 |accessdate=2007-10-27 }}</ref> || [[17 March]] [[1040]]<br>[[Oxford]]<br>aged about 23 or 24<ref name=ArchontologyHaroldHarefoot />
|-
| '''[[Harthacanute]]'''<br>(''Hardeknud'')<br>[[18 June]]<br>1040–1042<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/harthacnut.php |title=Harthacnut - Archontology.org |accessdate=2007-10-28 }}</ref> || <!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[Image:CoinHarthacnut.jpg|100px]] -->|| 1018<br>son of Canute and Emma of Normandy<ref name=ThePeerageHaroldHarefootHarthacanute /> || unknown || [[8 June]] [[1042]]<br>[[Lambeth]]<br>aged about 24<ref name=ThePeerageHaroldHarefootHarthacanute />
|}
=== House of Wessex (restored) ===
''The old West Saxon line was restored, but Edward the Confessor, who was later canonised, was more [[Normans|Norman]] than English in his sympathies.
{{English Monarchs - table header}}
| '''[[Edward the Confessor|Saint Edward the Confessor]]'''<br>(''Eadweard'')<br>[[9 June]]<br>1042–1066<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardConfessorHaroldII>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10218.htm |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10218 |accessdate=2007-10-26 }}</ref> || [[Image:EdtheCon.jpg|100px]] || c.1005<br>[[Islip, Oxfordshire]]<br>son of Ethelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardConfessorHaroldII /> || [[Edith of Wessex]]<br>[[23 January]] [[1045]]<br>no children<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardConfessorHaroldII /> || [[5 January]] [[1066]]<br>[[Westminster Palace]]<br>aged about 60<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardConfessorHaroldII />
|-
| '''[[Harold Godwinson]]'''<br>(''Harold Godwinesson'')<br>[[6 January]] –<br>[[14 October]] [[1066]]<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardConfessorHaroldII /> || [[Image:Harold2.jpg|100px]] || c.1020<br>son of [[Godwin, Earl of Wessex]] and [[Gytha Thorkelsdóttir]]<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardConfessorHaroldII /> || (1) [[Ealdgyth Swan-neck|Edith Swan-neck]]<br>6 children
(2) [[Ealdgyth of Mercia]]<br>[[York]]<br>c.1064<br>1 son<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardConfessorHaroldII />
|| [[14 October]] [[1066]]<br>[[Hastings]]<br>aged about 46 (died in battle)<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardConfessorHaroldII />
|-
| '''[[Edgar Ætheling|Edgar the Atheling]]'''<br>(''Eadgar Æþeling'')<br>[[15 October]] –<br>[[17 December]] [[1066]]<ref name=ArchontologyEdgarAtheling>After reigning for approximately 9 weeks, Edgar the Atheling submitted to William the Conqueror, who had gained control of the area to the south and immediate west of London. {{cite web |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/edgar2.php |title=Eadgar (the Ætheling) - Archontology.org |accessdate=2007-10-26 }}</ref> || [http://www.hullwebs.co.uk/content/c-anglo-saxon/royals/Edga.jpg]|| c.1053<br>[[Hungary]]<br>son of [[Edward the Exile]] and Agatha<ref name=ThePeerageEdgarAtheling>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p9.htm#i83 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 9 |accessdate=2007-10-26 }}</ref> || unmarried<ref name=ThePeerageEdgarAtheling /> || c.1125<br>aged about 72<ref name=ArchontologyEdgarAtheling />
|}
=== House of Normandy ===
''It was only after the [[Norman Conquest of England|Norman Conquest]] of 1066 that monarchs took regnal numbers in the French fashion, though the earlier custom of distinguishing monarchs by nicknames did not die out immediately.''
{{English Monarchs - table header}}
| '''[[William I of England|William I the Conqueror]]'''<br>(''Guillaume le Conquérant<br>ou le Bâtard'')<br>[[25 December]]<br>1066–1087<ref name=ThePeerageWilliamI&II>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10203.htm |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10203 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:William1.jpg|100px|William the Conqueror depicted at the Battle of Hastings, on the Bayeux Tapestry]] || c.1027<br>[[Falaise Castle]]<br>son of [[Robert II, Duke of Normandy]] and [[Herleva]]<ref name=ThePeerageWilliamI&II /> || [[Matilda of Flanders]]<br>[[Cathedral of Notre Dame]]<br>1053<br>10 children<ref name=ThePeerageWilliamI&II /> || [[9 September]] [[1087]]<br>[[Priory of St. Gervais]]<br>aged about 60<ref name=ThePeerageWilliamI&II />
|-
| '''[[William II of England|William II Rufus]]'''<br>(''Guillaume le Roux'')<br>[[26 September]]<br>1087–1100<ref name=ThePeerageWilliamI&II /> || [[Image:William2.jpg|100px|William Rufus depicted in the Stowe Manuscript]] || c.1060<br>[[Normandy]]<br>son of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders<ref name=ThePeerageWilliamI&II /> || unmarried || [[2 August]] [[1100]]<br>[[New Forest]]<br>aged about 40<ref name=ThePeerageWilliamI&II />
|-
| '''[[Henry I of England|Henry I]]'''<br>(''Henri Beauclerc'')<br>[[5 August]]<br>1100–1135<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIStephen>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10204.htm |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10204 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:Henry1.jpg|100px|Henry I]] || September 1068<br>[[Selby]]<br>son of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIStephen /> || (1) [[Edith of Scotland]]<br>[[Westminster Abbey]]<br>[[11 November]] [[1100]]<br>4 children<br>(2) [[Adeliza of Louvain]]<br>[[Windsor Castle]]<br>[[29 January]] [[1121]]<br>no children<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIStephen /> || [[1 December]] [[1135]]<br>[[Saint-Denis-le-Fermont]]<br>aged 67<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIStephen />
|-
| '''[[Stephen of England|Stephen]]'''<br>(''Étienne de Blois'')<br>[[22 December]]<br>1135–1154<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/king_england/stephen.php |title=STEPHEN (of Blois) - Archontology.org |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:Stephen.jpg|100px|Stephen]] || c.1096<br>[[Blois]]<br>son of [[Stephen, Count of Blois]] and [[Adela of Normandy]]<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIStephen /> || [[Matilda of Boulogne]]<br>[[Westminster]]<br>1125<br>5 children<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIStephen /> || [[25 October]] [[1154]]<br>[[Dover Castle]]<br>aged about 58<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIStephen />
|-
| '''[[Empress Matilda|Matilda]]'''<br>(''Mathilde ou<br>Maud l'Impératrice'')<br>[[7 April]]–[[1 November]] [[1141]]<ref name=ThePeerageMatilda>Matilda ruled at the same time as Stephen, but her reign was disputed. {{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10204.htm#i102037 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10204 |accessdate=2007-10-27 }}</ref> || [[Image:Matilda.JPG|100px|Matilda]] || [[7 February]] [[1102]]<br>[[Sutton Courtenay]]<br>only legitimate daughter of [[Henry I of England|Henry I]] and [[Edith of Scotland]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/king_england/matilda.php |title=MATILDA (the Empress) - Archontology.org |accessdate=2007-10-27 }}</ref> || (1) [[Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor]]<br>[[Mainz]]<br>[[6 January]] [[1114]]<br>no children<br>(2) [[Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou]]<br>[[Le Mans Cathedral]]<br>[[22 May]] [[1128]]<br>4 children<ref name=ThePeerageMatilda /> || [[10 September]] [[1167]]<br>[[Abbey of the Notre Dame des Prés]]<br>aged 65<ref name=ThePeerageMatilda />
|}
=== House of Plantagenet ===
''The early Plantagenets ruled many territories in [[France]], and did not regard England as their primary home until after most of their French possessions were lost by King John. This long-lived dynasty is usually divided into three houses: the [[Angevins]], the [[House of Lancaster]], and the [[House of York]].''
==== Angevins ====
{{English Monarchs - table header}}
| '''[[Henry II of England|Henry II]]'''<br>(''Henri Court-manteau'')<br>[[19 December]]<br>1154–1189<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIIRichardI>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10202.htm |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10202 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:Henry II of England.jpg|100px|Henry II]] || [[5 March]] [[1133]]<br>[[Le Mans]]<br>son of [[Geoffrey of Anjou]] and [[Empress Matilda|Matilda]]<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIIRichardI /> || [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]]<br>[[Bordeaux Cathedral]]<br>[[18 May]] [[1152]]<br>8 children<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIIRichardI /> || [[6 July]] [[1189]]<br>[[Château Chinon]]<br>aged 56<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIIRichardI />
|-
| '''[[Henry the Young King]]'''<br>([[coregent]] with his father)<br>[[14 June]]<br>1170–1183 || [http://www.archontology.org/images/eng/henry_youngking.jpg] || [[28 February]] [[1155]]
son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine
|| [[Marguerite of France (born 1158)|Marguerite of France]]<br>[[Winchester Cathedral]]<br>[[27 August]] [[1172]]<br>1 child
|| [[11 June]] [[1183]]<br>[[Martel]], [[Limoges]]<br>aged 28
|-
| '''[[Richard I of England|Richard I the Lionheart]]'''<br>(''Richard Cœur de Lion'')<br>[[3 September]]<br>1189–1199<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIIRichardI /> || [[Image:Richard coeurdelion g.jpg|100px|Richard the Lionheart, an illustration from a 12th century codex]] || [[8 September]] [[1157]]<br>[[Beaumont Palace]]<br>son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIIRichardI /> || [[Berengaria of Navarre]]<br>[[Limassol]]<br>[[12 May]] [[1191]]<br>no children<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIIRichardI /> || [[6 April]] [[1199]]<br>[[Château de Chalus-Chabrol|Chalus]]<br>aged 41<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIIRichardI />
|-
| '''[[John of England|John Lackland]]'''<br>(''Jean Sans Terre'')<br>[[27 May]]<br>1199–1216<ref name=ThePeerageJohn>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10201.htm#i102006 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10201 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:John effigy(tomb).jpg|100px|Tomb effigy of John]] || [[24 December]] [[1167]]<br>Beaumont Palace<br>son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine<ref name=ThePeerageJohn /> || (1) [[Isabel of Gloucester]]<br>[[Marlborough Castle]]<br>[[29 August]] [[1189]]<br>no children
(2) [[Isabella of Angoulême]]<br>[[Bordeaux Cathedral]]<br>[[24 August]] [[1200]]<br>5 children<ref name=ThePeerageJohn />
|| [[19 October]] [[1216]]<br>[[Newark Castle]]<br>aged 48<ref name=ThePeerageJohn />
|-
| '''[[Henry III of England|Henry III]]'''<br>[[28 October]]<br>1216–1272<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIII>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10193.htm#i101923 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10193 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:Henry III of England.jpg|100px|The effigy of Henry III in Westminster Abbey]] || [[1 October]] [[1207]]<br>[[Winchester Castle]]<br>son of John and Isabella of Angoulême<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIII /> || [[Eleanor of Provence]]<br>[[Canterbury Cathedral]]<br>[[14 January]] [[1236]]<br>9 children<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIII /> || [[16 November]] [[1272]]<br>[[Westminster Palace]]<br>aged 65<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIII />
|-
| '''[[Edward I of England|Edward I Longshanks]]'''<br>[[20 November]]<br>1272–1307<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardI>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10191.htm#i101903 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10191 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:King Edward I.jpg|100px]] || [[17 June]] [[1239]]<br>Westminster Palace<br>son of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardI /> || (1) [[Eleanor of Castile]]<br>[[Abbey of Las Huelgas]]<br>[[18 October]] [[1254]]<br>17 children
(2) [[Marguerite of France]]<br>[[10 September]] [[1299]]<br>3 children<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardI />
|| [[7 July]] [[1307]]<br>[[Burgh by Sands]]<br>aged 68<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardI />
|-
| '''[[Edward II of England|Edward II]]'''<br>[[7 July]] [[1307]] –<br>[[25 January]] [[1327]]<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardII>Edward II was officially deposed by Parliament on [[25 January]] [[1327]], having been imprisoned on [[16 November]] [[1326]]. {{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10094.htm#i100933 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10094 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:EdwardII-Cassell.jpg|100px|Modern depiction of Edward II]] || [[25 April]] [[1284]]<br>[[Caernarfon Castle]]<br>son of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardII /> || [[Isabella of France]]<br>[[Boulogne Cathedral]]<br>[[25 January]] [[1308]]<br>5 children<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardII /> || [[21 September]] [[1327]]<br>[[Berkeley Castle]]<br>aged 43 (murdered)<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardII />
|-
| '''[[Edward III of England|Edward III]]'''<br>[[25 January]]<br>1327–1377<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardIII>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10188.htm#i101871 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10188 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:Edward3.jpg|100px|The effigy of Edward III in Westminster Abbey]] || [[13 November]] [[1312]]<br>[[Windsor Castle]]<br>son of Edward II and Isabella of France<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardIII /> || [[Philippa of Hainault]]<br>[[York Minster]]<br>[[24 January]] [[1328]]<br>14 children<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardIII /> || [[21 June]] [[1377]]<br>[[Sheen Palace]]<br>aged 64<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardIII />
|-
| '''[[Richard II of England|Richard II]]'''<br>[[21 June]] [[1377]] –<br>[[29 September]] [[1399]]<ref name=ThePeerageRichardII>Richard II was deposed, and became a prisoner of [[Henry IV of England|Henry Bolingbroke]], who usurped the throne from the prior claims of the issue of his father [[John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster|John of Gaunt]]. {{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10206.htm#i102054 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10206 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:Richard II of England.jpg|100px|Richard II, by André Beauneveu, 1390s]] || [[6 January]] [[1367]]<br>[[Bordeaux]]<br>son of [[Edward, the Black Prince]] and [[Joan of Kent]]<ref name=ThePeerageRichardII /> || (1) [[Anne of Bohemia]]<br>[[14 January]] [[1382]]<br>no children
(2) [[Isabella of Valois]]<br>[[Calais]]<br>[[4 November]] [[1396]]<br>no children<ref name=ThePeerageRichardII />
|| [[6 January]] [[1400]]<br>[[Pontefract Castle]]<br>aged 33<ref name=ThePeerageRichardII />
|}
==== House of Lancaster ====
{{English Monarchs - table header}}
| '''[[Henry IV of England|Henry IV Bolingbroke]]'''<br>[[30 September]]<br>1399–1413<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIV&V>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10187.htm |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10187 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:Henry4.JPG|100px|Henry IV]] || [[3 April]] [[1366]]/7<br>[[Bolingbroke Castle]]<br>son of [[John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster|John of Gaunt]] and [[Blanche of Lancaster]]<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIV&V /> || (1) [[Mary de Bohun]]<br>[[Arundel Castle]]<br>[[27 July]] [[1380]]<br>7 children
(2) [[Joanna of Navarre]]<br>[[Winchester Cathedral]]<br>[[7 February]] [[1403]]<br>no children<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIV&V />
|| [[20 March]] [[1413]]<br>[[Westminster Abbey]]<br>aged 45 or 46<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/king_england/henry4.php |title=HENRY IV - Archontology.org |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Henry V of England|Henry V]]'''<br>[[20 March]]<br>1413–1422<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIV&V /> || [[Image:Henry5.JPG|100px|Henry V]] || [[9 August]] [[1387]]<br>[[Monmouth Castle]]<br>son of Henry IV and Mary de Bohun<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIV&V /> || [[Catherine of Valois]]<br>[[Troyes Cathedral]]<br>[[2 June]] [[1420]]<br>1 son<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIV&V /> || [[31 August]] [[1422]]<br>[[Château de Vincennes]]<br>aged 35<ref name=ThePeerageHenryIV&V />
|-
| '''[[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]]'''<br>[[31 August]] [[1422]]<br>– [[4 March]] [[30 October]] [[1461]] 1470<br>– [[11 April]] [[1471]]<ref name=ThePeerageHenryVI>Edward IV usurped the throne in 1461 after years of civil war. Henry VI was restored for about five months in 1470 before being deposed again permanently. {{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10186.htm#i101859 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10186 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref>
|| [[Image:HenryVIofEngland.JPG|100px|Henry VI]]
|| [[6 December]] [[1421]]<br>[[Windsor Castle]]<br>son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois<ref name=ThePeerageHenryVI />
|| [[Margaret of Anjou]]<br>[[Titchfield Abbey]]<br>[[22 April]] [[1445]]<br>1 son<ref name=ThePeerageHenryVI />
|| [[21 May]] [[1471]]<br>[[Tower of London]]<br>aged 49 (murdered)<ref name=ThePeerageHenryVI />
|}
==== House of York ====
{{English Monarchs - table header}}
| '''[[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]]'''<br>[[4 March]] [[1461]] –<br>[[3 October]] [[11 April]] [[1470]] 1471–1483<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardIV>Edward was briefly deposed during his reign by Henry VI. {{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10164.htm#i101635 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10164 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref>
|| [[Image:EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg|100px|Edward IV]]
|| [[28 April]] [[1442]]<br>[[Rouen]]<br>son of [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York]] and [[Cecily Neville]]<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardIV />
|| [[Elizabeth Woodville]]<br>[[Grafton Regis]]<br>[[1 May]] [[1464]]<br>10 children<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardIV />
|| [[9 April]] [[1483]]<br>[[Westminster Palace]]<br>aged 40<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardIV />
|-
| '''[[Edward V of England|Edward V]]'''<br>[[9 April]]–[[25 June]] [[1483]]<ref name=ArchontologyEdwardV>Edward V was deposed by Richard III, who usurped the throne on the grounds that Edward was illegitimate. {{cite web |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/king_england/edward5.php |title=EDWARD V - Archontology.org |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:King-edward-v.jpg|100px|Edward V]] || [[2 November]] [[1470]]<br>[[Westminster]]<br>son of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville<ref name=ArchontologyEdwardV /> || unmarried || c. 1483<br>[[London]]<br>aged about 12 (traditionally murdered)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10165.htm#i101645 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10165 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Richard III of England|Richard III]]'''<br>[[26 June]]<br>1483–1485<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/king_england/richard3b.php |title=RICHARD III - Archontology.org |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:Richard III of England.jpg|100px|Richard III]] || [[2 October]] [[1452]]<br>[[Fotheringhay Castle]]<br>son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville<ref name=ThePeerageRichardIII>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10163.htm#i101628 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10163 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Anne Neville]]<br>[[Westminster Abbey]]<br>[[12 July]] [[1472]]<br>1 son<ref name=ThePeerageRichardIII /> || [[22 August]] [[1485]]<br>[[Bosworth Field]]<br>aged 32 (killed in battle)<ref name=ThePeerageRichardIII />
|}
=== House of Tudor ===
''The Tudors were of [[Wales|Welsh]] ancestry, and in 1536 Wales was fully incorporated into the English state (having been under English control since 1284). With [[Henry VIII]]'s break from the [[Roman Catholic Church]], the monarch became the [[Supreme Head of the Church of England]]. [[Elizabeth I|Elizabeth I's]] title became the [[Supreme Governor of the Church of England]].
{{English Monarchs - table header}}
| '''[[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]]'''<br>[[22 August]]<br>1485–1509<ref name=ThePeerageHenryVII>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10142.htm#i101418 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10142 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:Henry Seven England.jpg|100px|Henry VII, by Michel Sittow, 1505]] || [[28 January]] [[1457]]<br>[[Pembroke Castle]]<br>son of [[Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond|Edmund Tudor]] and [[Lady Margaret Beaufort]]<ref name=ThePeerageHenryVII /> || [[Elizabeth of York]]<br>[[Westminster Abbey]]<br>[[18 January]] [[1486]]<br>8 children<ref name=ThePeerageHenryVII /> || [[21 April]] [[1509]]<br>[[Richmond Palace]]<br>aged 52<ref name=ThePeerageHenryVII />
|-
| '''[[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]'''<br>[[21 April]]<br>1509–1547<ref name=ThePeerageHenryVIII>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10148.htm#i101473 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10148 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:Hans Holbein d. J. 049.jpg|100px|Henry VIII, by Hans Holbein, c.1536]] || [[28 June]] [[1491]]<br>[[Greenwich Palace]]<br>son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York<ref name=ThePeerageHenryVIII /> || (1) [[Catherine of Aragon]]<br>[[Greenwich]]<br>[[11 June]] [[1509]]<br>1 daughter<br />
(2) [[Anne Boleyn]]<br>[[Westminster Palace]]<br>[[25 January]] [[1533]]<br>1 daughter<br />
(3) [[Jane Seymour]]<br>[[Whitehall Palace]]<br>[[30 May]] [[1536]]<br>1 son<br />
(4) [[Anne of Cleves]]<br>Greenwich Palace<br>[[6 January]] [[1540]]<br />
(5) [[Catherine Howard]]<br>[[Hampton Court Palace]]<br>[[28 July]] [[1540]]<br />
(6) [[Catherine Parr]]<br>Hampton Court Palace<br>[[12 July]] [[1543]]<ref name=ThePeerageHenryVIII />
|| [[28 January]] [[1547]]<br>Whitehall Palace<br>aged 55<ref name=ThePeerageHenryVIII />
|-
| '''[[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]]'''<br>[[28 January]]<br>1547–1553<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardVIMaryIElizabethI>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10150.htm |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10150 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:Edward VI of England.png|100px|Edward VI, by Hans Eworth]] || [[12 October]] [[1537]]<br>Hampton Court Palace<br>son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardVIMaryIElizabethI /> || unmarried || [[6 July]] [[1553]]<br>Greenwich Palace<br>aged 15<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardVIMaryIElizabethI />
|-
| '''[[Lady Jane Grey|Jane]]'''<br>(''"The Nine Days' Queen"'')<br>[[10 July]]–[[19 July]] [[1553]]<ref name=ThePeerageJaneGrey>Jane was deposed in favour of Mary Tudor. {{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10152.htm#i101513 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10152 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:Streathamladyjayne.jpg|100px]] || October 1537<br>[[Bradgate Park]]<br>daughter of [[Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk]] and [[Lady Frances Brandon]]<ref name=ThePeerageJaneGrey /> || [[Lord Guildford Dudley]]<br>[[Strand, London|The Strand]]<br>[[21 May]] [[1553]]<br>no children<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannia.com/history/ladyjane/marriage.html |title=Lady Jane Grey: Marriage |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[12 February]] [[1554]]<br>[[Tower of London]]<br>aged 16 (beheaded)<ref name=ThePeerageJaneGrey />
|-
| '''[[Mary I of England|Mary I]]'''<br>(''"Bloody Mary"'')<br>[[19 July]]<br>1553–1558<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardVIMaryIElizabethI /> || [[Image:Mary I of England.jpg|100px|Mary I, by Antonius Mor, 1554]] || [[18 February]] [[1516]]<br>Greenwich Palace<br>daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardVIMaryIElizabethI /> || [[Philip II of Spain]]<br>[[Winchester Cathedral]]<br>[[25 July]] [[1554]]<br>no children<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardVIMaryIElizabethI /> || [[17 November]] [[1558]]<br>St. James's Palace<br>aged 42<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardVIMaryIElizabethI />
|-
| '''[[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]]'''<br>(''"The Virgin Queen"'')<br>[[17 November]]<br>1558–1603<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardVIMaryIElizabethI /> || [[Image:Elizabeth I Darnley Portrait.jpg|100px|Elizabeth I, by Darnley]] || [[7 September]] [[1533]]<br>Greenwich Palace<br>daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardVIMaryIElizabethI /> || unmarried || [[24 March]] [[1603]]<br>Richmond Palace<br>aged 69<ref name=ThePeerageEdwardVIMaryIElizabethI />
|}
=== House of Stuart ===
''Following the death of Elizabeth I in 1603 without issue, the [[List of monarchs of Scotland|Scottish]] king, [[James VI of Scotland|James VI]], succeeded to the English throne as James I in what became known as the [[Union of the Crowns]]. In 1604 he adopted the title ''King of Great Britain'', although the two kingdoms remained separate.
{{English Monarchs - table header}}
| '''[[James I of England|James I]]'''<br>[[24 March]]<br>1603–1625<ref name=ThePeerageJamesI>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10137.htm#i101370 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10137 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:JamesIEngland.jpg|100px|James I, by Paulus van Somer]] || [[19 June]] [[1566]]<br>[[Edinburgh Castle]]<br>son of [[Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley]] and [[Mary I of Scotland|Mary, Queen of Scots]]<ref name=ThePeerageJamesI /> || [[Anne of Denmark]]<br>[[Oslo]]<br>[[23 November]] [[1589]]<br>7 children<ref name=ThePeerageJamesI /> || [[27 March]] [[1625]]<br>[[Theobalds House]]<br>aged 58<ref name=ThePeerageJamesI />
|-
| '''[[Charles I of England|Charles I]]'''<br>(''"Saint Charles the Martyr"'')<br>[[27 March]]<br>1625–1649<ref name=ThePeerageCharlesI>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10138.htm#i101375 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10138 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:Carolus I.jpg|100px|Charles I, by Anthony van Dyck]] || [[19 November]] [[1600]]<br>[[Dunfermline Palace]]<br>son of James I and Anne of Denmark<ref name=ThePeerageCharlesI /> || [[Henrietta Maria of France]]<br>[[St Augustine's Abbey]]<br>[[13 June]] [[1625]]<br>9 children<ref name=ThePeerageCharlesI /> || [[30 January]] [[1649]]<br>[[Whitehall Palace]]<br>aged 48 (executed)<ref name=ThePeerageCharlesI />
|}
=== Commonwealth ===
''There was no reigning monarch between the execution of Charles I in 1649 and the [[English Restoration|Restoration]] of Charles II in 1660. Despite this, from 1653 the following individuals held power as [[Lord Protector|Lords Protector]], during the period known as the [[English Protectorate|Protectorate]].''
{{English Monarchs - table header}}
| '''[[Oliver Cromwell]]'''<br>(''"Old Ironsides"'')<br>[[16 December]]<br>1653–1658<ref name=BritishCivilWarsOliverCromwell>{{cite web |url=http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/biog/oliver-cromwell.htm |title=Oliver Cromwell 1599-1658 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:Cooper, Oliver Cromwell.jpg|100px|Oliver Cromwell, an unfinished portrait miniature by Samuel Cooper]] || [[25 April]] [[1599]]<br>[[Huntingdon]]<ref name=BritishCivilWarsOliverCromwell /><br>son of Robert Cromwell and Elizabeth Stewart<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.olivercromwell.org/faqs1.htm |title=Oliver Cromwell - Faq 1 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || Elizabeth Bourchier<br>[[St Giles-without-Cripplegate|St Giles]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stgilescripplegate.org.uk/frhistory.htm |title=New Page 1 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref><br>[[22 August]] [[1620]]<br>9 children<ref name=BritishCivilWarsOliverCromwell /> || [[3 September]] [[1658]]<br>[[Whitehall]]<br>aged 59<ref name=BritishCivilWarsOliverCromwell />
|-
| '''[[Richard Cromwell]]'''<br>(''"Tumbledown Dick"'')<br>[[3 September]] [[1658]]<br>– [[7 May]] [[1659]]<ref name=BritishCivilWarsRichardCromwell>{{cite web |url=http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/biog/richard-cromwell.htm |title=Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector, 1626-1712 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:RichardCromwell.jpeg|100px|Richard Cromwell, c.1650]] || [[4 October]] [[1626]]<br>[[Huntingdon]]<br>son of Oliver Cromwell and Elizabeth Bourchier<ref name=BritishCivilWarsRichardCromwell /> || Dorothy Maijor<br>May 1649<br>0 children<ref name=BritishCivilWarsRichardCromwell /> || [[12 July]] [[1712]]<br>[[Cheshunt]]<br>aged 85<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/commonwealth/cromwell2.php |title=CROMWELL, Richard - Archontology.org |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref>
|}
=== House of Stuart (restored) ===
''Although the monarchy was restored in 1660, no stable settlement proved possible until the [[Glorious Revolution]] of 1688, when parliament finally asserted the right to choose whomsoever it pleased as monarch.''
{{English Monarchs - table header}}
| '''[[Charles II of England|Charles II]]'''<br>[[8 May]]<br>1660–1685<ref name=ThePeerageCharlesII>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10139.htm#i101388 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10139 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:Charles II of England in Coronation robes.jpg|100px]] || [[29 May]] [[1630]]<br>[[St. James's Palace]]<br>son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France<ref name=ThePeerageCharlesII /> || [[Catherine of Braganza]]<br>[[Portsmouth]]<br>[[21 May]] [[1662]]<br>3 children (none survived infancy)<ref name=ThePeerageCharlesII /> || [[6 February]] [[1685]]<br>[[Whitehall Palace]]<br>aged 54<ref name=ThePeerageCharlesII />
|-
| '''[[James II of England|James II]]'''<br>[[6 February]] [[1685]] –<br>[[23 December]] [[1688]]<ref name=ThePeerageJamesIIMaryII>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10136.htm |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10136 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:James II of England.jpg|100px]] || [[14 October]] [[1633]]<br>St. James's Palace<br>son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France<ref name=ThePeerageJamesIIMaryII /> || (1) [[Anne Hyde]]<br>[[Strand, London|The Strand]]<br>[[3 September]] [[1660]]<br>8 children
(2) [[Mary of Modena]]<br>[[Dover]]<br>[[21 November]] [[1673]]<br>7 children<ref name=ThePeerageJamesIIMaryII />
|| [[16 September]] [[1701]]<br>[[Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye]]<br>aged 67<ref name=ThePeerageJamesIIMaryII />
|-
| '''[[William III of England|William III]]'''<br>''(Willem Hendrik,<br>Prins van Oranje)''<br>[[13 February]]<br>1689–1702<ref name=ThePeerageWilliamIII>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10141.htm#i101402 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10141 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[Image:Portrait of William III, (1650-1702).jpg|100px]] || [[4 November]] [[1650]]<br>[[The Hague]]<br>son of [[William II, Prince of Orange]] and [[Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange|Mary Stuart]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/king_grbritain/william3.php |title=WILLIAM III - Archontology.org |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || rowspan=2 | St James's Palace<br>[[4 November]] [[1677]]<br>3 children (none survived infancy)<ref name=ThePeerageWilliamIII /> || [[8 March]] [[1702]]<br>[[Kensington Palace]]<br>aged 51<ref name=ThePeerageWilliamIII />
|-
| '''[[Mary II of England|Mary II]]'''<br>[[13 February]]<br>1689–1694<ref name=ThePeerageJamesIIMaryII /> || [[Image:Queen Mary II.jpg|100px]] || [[30 April]] [[1662]]<br>St James's Palace<br>daughter of James II and Anne Hyde<ref name=ThePeerageJamesIIMaryII /> || [[28 December]] [[1694]]<br>Kensington Palace<br>aged 32<ref name=ThePeerageJamesIIMaryII />
|-
| '''[[Anne of Great Britain|Anne]]''' <br>[[8 March]]<br>1702-1707<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/king_grbritain/anne.php |title=Anne (England) - Archontology.org |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref><br><small>Great Britain<br>[[Acts of Union 1707|1 May 1707]]-1714</small> || [[Image:Anniex.jpg|100px]] || [[6 February]] [[1665]]<br>St James's Palace<br>daughter of James II and Anne Hyde<ref name=ThePeerageAnne>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10134.htm#i101338 |title=thePeerage.com - Person Page 10134 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}</ref> || [[George of Denmark]]<br>St James's Palace<br>[[28 July]] [[1683]]<br>17 children<ref name=ThePeerageAnne /> || [[1 August]] [[1714]]<br>Kensington Palace<br>aged 49<ref name=ThePeerageAnne />
|}
''England and Scotland entered into legislative and governmental union on [[1 May]] [[1707]] under the [[Acts of Union 1707]], though retained separate legal systems and other attributes thereafter. For the continuation of this list, therefore, go to [[List of British monarchs]].''
== Titles ==
The standard title for all monarchs from [[Alfred the Great]] until the time of [[John of England|King John]] was ''Rex Anglorum'' ("King of the English"). In addition, many of the pre-Norman kings assumed extra titles, as follows:
*[[Alfred the Great]]: ''Rex Angulsaxonum'' and ''Rex Anglorum et Saxonum''
*[[Athelstan of England|Athelstan]]: ''Rex Anglorum per omnipatrantis dexteram totius Bryttaniæ regni solio sublimatus''
*[[Edmund I of England|Edmund the Magnificent]]: ''Rex Britanniae'' and ''Rex Anglorum caeterarumque gentium gobernator et rector''
*[[Edred of England|Edred]]: ''Regis qui regimina regnorum Angulsaxna, Norþhymbra, Paganorum, Brettonumque''
*[[Edwy of England|Edwy the Fair]]: ''Rex nutu Dei Angulsæxna et Northanhumbrorum imperator paganorum gubernator Breotonumque propugnator''
*[[Edgar of England|Edgar the Peaceable]]: ''Totius Albionis finitimorumque regum basileus''
*[[Canute the Great|Canute]]: ''Rex Anglorum totiusque Brittannice orbis gubernator et rector'' and ''Brytannie totius Anglorum monarchus''
In the [[Norman Conquest of England|Norman period]] ''Rex Anglorum'' remained standard, with occasional use of ''Rex Anglie'' ("King of England"). [[Empress Matilda|Matilda]] styled herself ''Domina Anglorum'' ("Lady of the English"). From the time of [[John I of England|King John]] onwards all other titles were eschewed in favour of ''Rex Anglie'', or ''Regina Anglie'' ("Queen of England") if female. In 1604 [[James I of England|James I]], who had inherited the English throne the previous year, adopted the title (now usually rendered in English rather than Latin) ''King of Great Britain''. The English and Scottish parliaments, however, did not recognise this title until the Acts of Union of 1707 under [[Anne of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] (who was of course ''Queen of Great Britain'' rather than king).<ref>After the [[Union of the Crowns|personal union]] of the three crowns, James was the first to style himself ''King of Great Britain'', but the title was rejected by the [[English Parliament]] and had no basis in law. The [[Parliament of Scotland]] also opposed it. Croft, p67; Wilson, pp249-252. See also [[Union Flag|the early history of the Union Flag]].</ref>
== Notes ==
{{reflist|2}}
== See also ==
*[[List of British monarchs]]
*[[List of monarchs in the British Isles]]
*[[List of Scottish monarchs]]
*[[Line of succession to the British Throne]] (a list of people)
*[[Succession to the British throne]] (historical overview and current rules)
*[[Alternate successions of the English crown]]
*[[List of monarchs of the British Isles by cause of death]]
*[[Demise of the Crown]]
*[[Mnemonic verse of monarchs in England]]
== External links ==
*[http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk English Monarchs - A complete history of the Kings and Queens of England]
*[http://www.britannia.com/history/h6f.html Britannia: Monarchs of Britain]
*[http://www.archontology.org Archontology]
*[http://www.scotlandroyalty.org/kings.html Kings of England]
[[Category:British monarchy|British monarchy]]
[[Category:English monarchs|English monarchs]]
[[Category:Lists of monarchs|English]]
[[ang:Englalandes Cyning]]
[[bg:Крал на Обединено кралство Великобритания и Северна Ирландия]]
[[ca:Llista de reis d'Anglaterra]]
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[[la:Index regum Angliae]]
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[[lt:Anglijos karaliai]]
[[li:Lies van keuninge van Ingeland, Sjotland, Groet-Brittannië en 't Vereineg Keuninkriek]]
[[hu:A Brit-szigetek uralkodóinak listája]]
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[[sq:Lista e mbretërve të Anglisë]]
[[simple:List of English monarchs]]
[[sk:Zoznam kráľov Anglicka, Škótska, Veľkej Británie a Spojeného kráľovstva]]
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