List of Finnish monarchs
186982
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2008-07-05T15:03:58Z
Drieakko
882854
Cleaned up the lead.
{{for|the Swedish & Russian names where applicable|List of Swedish monarchs|List of Russian rulers}}
This is a '''list of the monarchs of [[Finland]]''' until it became a [[republic]] in [[1919]]; that is, the [[monarch|King]]s of [[Sweden]] with [[Regent]]s and [[Viceroy]]s of the [[Kalmar Union]], the [[Grand Duke of Finland|Grand Dukes of Finland]] (identical with the [[Tsar]]s of [[Imperial Russia|Russia]]), up to the two-year Regent period following the independence in 1917, with [[Kingdom of Finland (1918)|a brief flirtation with a truly domestic monarchy]].
==Part of the Kingdom of Sweden, from the Middle Ages until 1809==
''Finland as an integral part of Sweden under the [[King of Sweden]] (Ruotsin kuningas).''
Some texts suggest the Swedish rule of Finland started as early as during the Houses of Sverker and Eric ([[Sverker I of Sweden]] [[1130]]-[[1156]] and [[Eric the Saint]] [[1156]]-[[1160]]). But the first historic documents suggesting rule by Swedish kings in Finland not limited to sparse crusades and conquests are dated at around [[1249]].
===The [[House of Bjelbo]]===
*[[1250]]-[[1275]] : [[Valdemar of Sweden]] (''Valdemar Birgerinpoika'')
**regent: [[Birger Jarl]]
*[[1275]]-[[1290]] : [[Magnus III of Sweden]] (''Maunu Ladonlukko'')
*[[1290]]-[[1318]] : [[Birger of Sweden]] (''Birger Maununpoika'')
*[[1319]]-[[1364]] : [[Magnus IV of Sweden]] (''Maunu IV'')
**co-kings, successively: [[Eric XII of Sweden]] and [[Haakon I of Sweden]], sons of Magnus IV
*[[1363]]-[[1395]] : [[Albert of Mecklenburg]] (''Albrekt Mecklenburgilainen'')
** 1385-87 in opposition: [[Olav IV of Norway]] (''Olavi Haakoninpoika'')
==='''Rulers of the [[Kalmar Union]]''' and Regents (''Valtionhoitaja'', ''Riksföreståndare'')===
[[Image:Karl Knutsson Bonde.jpg|thumb|100px|Kaarle Knuutinpoika]]
*[[1389]]-[[1412]] : [[Margaret I of Denmark|Margaret I of Sweden]] (''Margareeta''), widow of Haakon I of Sweden, mother of Olav IV, and heiress of [[Estonia]], a Danish dominion
*[[1396]]-[[1439]] : [[Eric XIII of Sweden|Eric of Pomerania]] (''Eerik XIII Pommerilainen'', died 1459), a first cousin twice removed of Haakon I of Sweden
*[[1438]]-[[1440]] : [[Charles VIII of Sweden|Carl Knutsson Bonde, Regent]] (''Kaarle Knuutinpoika'')
*[[1441]]-[[1448]] : [[Christopher of Sweden|Christopher of Bavaria]] (''Kristoffer Baijerilainen'')
*[[1448]]-[[1448]] : Regents [[Bengt and Nils Oxenstierna of Sweden|Bengt and Nils Jönsson Oxenstierna]] ((''Pentti Jönsinpoika Häräntähti'' and ''Niilo Jönsinpoika Häräntähti''))
*[[1448]]-[[1457]] : [[Charles VIII of Sweden]] (''Kaarle VIII Knuutinpoika''), he had been 1442-48 chatelain and [[margrave of Viipuri]] county
*[[1457]]-[[1457]] : Regents [[John Oxenstierna of Sweden|Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna]] the archbishop and [[Eric Tott of Sweden|Eric Axelsson Tott]] ((arkkipiispa ''Jöns Pentinpoika'' and herra ''Eerik Akselinpoika''))
*[[1457]]-[[1464]] : [[Christian I of Sweden]] (''Kristian I'')
*[[1464]]-[[1465]] : [[Charles VIII of Sweden]] (''Kaarle VIII'')
*[[1465]]-[[1465]] : Regent [[Kettil Vasa of Sweden|Kettil Karlsson Vasa]] the bishop ((piispa ''Kettil Kaarlenpoika Vaasa''))
*[[1465]]-[[1466]] : Regent [[John Oxenstierna of Sweden|Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna]] the archbishop
*[[1466]]-[[1467]] : Regent [[Eric Tott|Eric Axelsson Tott]], also 1457-81 chatelain and margrave of Viipuri county
*[[1467]]-[[1470]] : [[Charles VIII of Sweden]] (''Kaarle VIII'')
*[[1470]]-[[1497]] : Regent [[Sten Sture the elder of Sweden|Sten Sture the elder]] (''Sten Sture vanhempi'') - also, 1483-1501 chatelain and margrave of Viipuri county
*[[1497]]-[[1501]] : [[John II of Sweden]] (Hans of Denmark, ''Juhana II'', ''Hannu'', ''Tanskan Hannu'')
*[[1501]]-[[1503]] : Regent [[Sten Sture the elder of Sweden|Sten Sture the elder]] (''Sten Sture vanhempi'')
*[[1504]]-[[1511]] : Regent [[Svante of Sweden|Svante Niilonpoika]] (''Svante Niilonpoika, Ekesiön herra'', he did not use the name of Sture)
*[[1512]]-[[1512]] : Regent [[Eric Trolle of Sweden|Eric Trolle]]
*[[1512]]-[[1520]] : Regent [[Sten Sture the younger of Sweden|Sten Sture the younger]] (''Sten Sture nuorempi'', he took the name of Sture of his great-grandmother's family, for imago reasons and for its prestige)
*[[1520]]-[[1521]] : [[Christian II of Sweden]] (''Kristian II'')
===The [[House of Vasa]]===
[[Image:John III of Sweden.jpg|thumb|100px|Juhana III]]
*[[1521]]-[[1560]] : [[Gustav I of Sweden]] (''Kustaa I Vaasa'')
**As [[Gustav I of Sweden|Gustav Vasa]], regent [[1521]]-[[1523]]
*[[1560]]-[[1568]] : [[Eric XIV of Sweden]] (''Eerik XIV'')
*[[1568]]-[[1592]] : [[John III of Sweden]] (''Juhana III''), adopted title [[Grand Duke of Finland]] around 1580
**As [[John III of Sweden|Duke John of Finland]] acted as feudal lord of part of Finland [[Duke of Finland]] and Governor-General of the rest [[1556]]-[[1563]]
*[[1592]]-[[1599]] : [[Sigismund III Vasa|Sigismund of Sweden]] (''Sigismund''), also titled Grand Duke of Finland
*[[1599]]-[[1611]] : [[Charles IX of Sweden]] (''Kaarle IX''), "King of Finns"
**As [[Charles IX of Sweden|Duke Charles]], regent [[1599]]-[[1604]]
*[[1611]]-[[1632]] : [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden|Gustav Adolph the great]] (''Kustaa II Aadolf''), also titled Grand Duke of Finland
*[[1632]]-[[1654]] : [[Christina of Sweden]] (''Kristiina''), also titled Grand Duchess of Finland
===The House of [[House of Pfalz-Zweibrücken|Pfalz-Zweibrücken]]===
*[[1654]]-[[1660]] : [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden]] (''Kaarle X Kustaa''), also titled Grand Duke of Finland
*[[1660]]-[[1697]] : [[Charles XI of Sweden]] (''Kaarle XI''), also titled Grand Duke of Finland
*[[1697]]-[[1718]] : [[Charles XII of Sweden]] (''Kaarle XII''), also titled Grand Duke of Finland
*[[1719]]-[[1720]] : [[Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden]] (''Ulriika Eleonoora''), also titled Grand Duchess of Finland
===The House of [[House of Hesse|Hesse]]===
*[[1720]]-[[1751]] : [[Frederick I of Sweden]] (''Fredrik I'')
===The House of [[House of Holstein-Gottorp (In Sweden)|Holstein-Gottorp]]===
[[Image:Gustav III of Sweden 1.jpg|thumb|100px|Kustaa III]]
*[[1751]]-[[1771]] : [[Adolf Frederick of Sweden]] (''Aadolf Fredrik'')
*[[1771]]-[[1792]] : [[Gustav III of Sweden]] (''Kustaa III'')
**[[1792]]-[[1796]] : [[Charles XIII of Sweden|Charles, duke of Södermanland]] as Regent (''Södermanlannin herttua Kaarle'')
*[[1792]]-[[1809]] : [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden]] (''Kustaa IV Aadolf'')
==Grand Duchy of Finland in Russian Empire 1809-1917==
''The [[Grand Duchy of Finland]] in the Russian Empire ([[1809]]-[[1917]]) with the Emperor of Russia as the Grand Duke (Prince) of Finland (Suomen suuriruhtinas).''
===The House of [[Romanov]]===
[[Image:Nicholas II of Russia painted by Earnest Lipgart.jpg|thumb|100px|Nikolai II]]
*[[1809]]-[[1825]] : [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] (''Aleksanteri I'')
*[[1825]]-[[1855]] : [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I]] (''Nikolai I'')
*[[1855]]-[[1881]] : [[Alexander II of Russia|Alexander II]] (''Aleksanteri II'')
*[[1881]]-[[1894]] : [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III]] (''Aleksanteri III'')
*[[1894]]-[[1917]] : [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] (''Nikolai II'')
==Interim period 1917-1919==
''Regents (valtionhoitaja) using the powers reserved for the monarch.''
* [[November 7]],[[1917]] - [[November 15]],[[1917]] : [[Eemil Nestor Setälä]]
* [[November 15]],[[1917]] - [[November 28]],[[1917]] : [[Otto Johannes Lundson]]
* [[November 28]],[[1917]] - [[May 18]],[[1918]] : [[Pehr Evind Svinhufvud]]
* [[May 27]],[[1918]] - [[December 12]],[[1918]] : [[Pehr Evind Svinhufvud]]<ref>During Svinhufvud's regency, [[Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse]] was elected as the King of Finland on October 9, 1918. He never took office and renounced the throne on December 14, 1918.</ref> (again)
* [[December 27]],[[1918]] - [[July 26]],[[1919]] : [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]]
''For later heads of state after the proclamation of the republic, see [[Presidents of Finland]].''
==See also==
* [[Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse|Frederick Charles of Hesse]]
* [[Monarchy of Finland]]
* [[President of Finland]]
* [[Prime Minister of Finland]]
* [[List of Swedish monarchs]]
* [[Governors-General of Sweden]]
* [[List of Russian rulers]]
* [[Governor-General of Finland]]
* [[Duke of Finland]]
* [[Ancient kings of Finland]]
* [[Kings of Kvenland]]
[[Category:Lists of monarchs|Finland]]
[[Category:Finnish monarchy|*]]
[[id:Daftar raja Finlandia]]
[[he:שליטי פינלנד]]
[[nl:Lijst van staatshoofden van Finland]]
[[pt:Anexo:Lista de reis da Finlândia]]
[[fi:Luettelo Suomen hallitsijoista]]
[[zh:芬兰君主列表]]
==References==
{{reflist}}