List of Finnish monarchs 186982 223737238 2008-07-05T15:03:58Z Drieakko 882854 Cleaned up the lead. {{for|the Swedish & Russian names where applicable|List of Swedish monarchs|List of Russian rulers}} This is a '''list of the monarchs of [[Finland]]''' until it became a [[republic]] in [[1919]]; that is, the [[monarch|King]]s of [[Sweden]] with [[Regent]]s and [[Viceroy]]s of the [[Kalmar Union]], the [[Grand Duke of Finland|Grand Dukes of Finland]] (identical with the [[Tsar]]s of [[Imperial Russia|Russia]]), up to the two-year Regent period following the independence in 1917, with [[Kingdom of Finland (1918)|a brief flirtation with a truly domestic monarchy]]. ==Part of the Kingdom of Sweden, from the Middle Ages until 1809== ''Finland as an integral part of Sweden under the [[King of Sweden]] (Ruotsin kuningas).'' Some texts suggest the Swedish rule of Finland started as early as during the Houses of Sverker and Eric ([[Sverker I of Sweden]] [[1130]]-[[1156]] and [[Eric the Saint]] [[1156]]-[[1160]]). But the first historic documents suggesting rule by Swedish kings in Finland not limited to sparse crusades and conquests are dated at around [[1249]]. ===The [[House of Bjelbo]]=== *[[1250]]-[[1275]] : [[Valdemar of Sweden]] (''Valdemar Birgerinpoika'') **regent: [[Birger Jarl]] *[[1275]]-[[1290]] : [[Magnus III of Sweden]] (''Maunu Ladonlukko'') *[[1290]]-[[1318]] : [[Birger of Sweden]] (''Birger Maununpoika'') *[[1319]]-[[1364]] : [[Magnus IV of Sweden]] (''Maunu IV'') **co-kings, successively: [[Eric XII of Sweden]] and [[Haakon I of Sweden]], sons of Magnus IV *[[1363]]-[[1395]] : [[Albert of Mecklenburg]] (''Albrekt Mecklenburgilainen'') ** 1385-87 in opposition: [[Olav IV of Norway]] (''Olavi Haakoninpoika'') ==='''Rulers of the [[Kalmar Union]]''' and Regents (''Valtionhoitaja'', ''Riksföreståndare'')=== [[Image:Karl Knutsson Bonde.jpg|thumb|100px|Kaarle Knuutinpoika]] *[[1389]]-[[1412]] : [[Margaret I of Denmark|Margaret I of Sweden]] (''Margareeta''), widow of Haakon I of Sweden, mother of Olav IV, and heiress of [[Estonia]], a Danish dominion *[[1396]]-[[1439]] : [[Eric XIII of Sweden|Eric of Pomerania]] (''Eerik XIII Pommerilainen'', died 1459), a first cousin twice removed of Haakon I of Sweden *[[1438]]-[[1440]] : [[Charles VIII of Sweden|Carl Knutsson Bonde, Regent]] (''Kaarle Knuutinpoika'') *[[1441]]-[[1448]] : [[Christopher of Sweden|Christopher of Bavaria]] (''Kristoffer Baijerilainen'') *[[1448]]-[[1448]] : Regents [[Bengt and Nils Oxenstierna of Sweden|Bengt and Nils Jönsson Oxenstierna]] ((''Pentti Jönsinpoika Häräntähti'' and ''Niilo Jönsinpoika Häräntähti'')) *[[1448]]-[[1457]] : [[Charles VIII of Sweden]] (''Kaarle VIII Knuutinpoika''), he had been 1442-48 chatelain and [[margrave of Viipuri]] county *[[1457]]-[[1457]] : Regents [[John Oxenstierna of Sweden|Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna]] the archbishop and [[Eric Tott of Sweden|Eric Axelsson Tott]] ((arkkipiispa ''Jöns Pentinpoika'' and herra ''Eerik Akselinpoika'')) *[[1457]]-[[1464]] : [[Christian I of Sweden]] (''Kristian I'') *[[1464]]-[[1465]] : [[Charles VIII of Sweden]] (''Kaarle VIII'') *[[1465]]-[[1465]] : Regent [[Kettil Vasa of Sweden|Kettil Karlsson Vasa]] the bishop ((piispa ''Kettil Kaarlenpoika Vaasa'')) *[[1465]]-[[1466]] : Regent [[John Oxenstierna of Sweden|Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna]] the archbishop *[[1466]]-[[1467]] : Regent [[Eric Tott|Eric Axelsson Tott]], also 1457-81 chatelain and margrave of Viipuri county *[[1467]]-[[1470]] : [[Charles VIII of Sweden]] (''Kaarle VIII'') *[[1470]]-[[1497]] : Regent [[Sten Sture the elder of Sweden|Sten Sture the elder]] (''Sten Sture vanhempi'') - also, 1483-1501 chatelain and margrave of Viipuri county *[[1497]]-[[1501]] : [[John II of Sweden]] (Hans of Denmark, ''Juhana II'', ''Hannu'', ''Tanskan Hannu'') *[[1501]]-[[1503]] : Regent [[Sten Sture the elder of Sweden|Sten Sture the elder]] (''Sten Sture vanhempi'') *[[1504]]-[[1511]] : Regent [[Svante of Sweden|Svante Niilonpoika]] (''Svante Niilonpoika, Ekesiön herra'', he did not use the name of Sture) *[[1512]]-[[1512]] : Regent [[Eric Trolle of Sweden|Eric Trolle]] *[[1512]]-[[1520]] : Regent [[Sten Sture the younger of Sweden|Sten Sture the younger]] (''Sten Sture nuorempi'', he took the name of Sture of his great-grandmother's family, for imago reasons and for its prestige) *[[1520]]-[[1521]] : [[Christian II of Sweden]] (''Kristian II'') ===The [[House of Vasa]]=== [[Image:John III of Sweden.jpg|thumb|100px|Juhana III]] *[[1521]]-[[1560]] : [[Gustav I of Sweden]] (''Kustaa I Vaasa'') **As [[Gustav I of Sweden|Gustav Vasa]], regent [[1521]]-[[1523]] *[[1560]]-[[1568]] : [[Eric XIV of Sweden]] (''Eerik XIV'') *[[1568]]-[[1592]] : [[John III of Sweden]] (''Juhana III''), adopted title [[Grand Duke of Finland]] around 1580 **As [[John III of Sweden|Duke John of Finland]] acted as feudal lord of part of Finland [[Duke of Finland]] and Governor-General of the rest [[1556]]-[[1563]] *[[1592]]-[[1599]] : [[Sigismund III Vasa|Sigismund of Sweden]] (''Sigismund''), also titled Grand Duke of Finland *[[1599]]-[[1611]] : [[Charles IX of Sweden]] (''Kaarle IX''), "King of Finns" **As [[Charles IX of Sweden|Duke Charles]], regent [[1599]]-[[1604]] *[[1611]]-[[1632]] : [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden|Gustav Adolph the great]] (''Kustaa II Aadolf''), also titled Grand Duke of Finland *[[1632]]-[[1654]] : [[Christina of Sweden]] (''Kristiina''), also titled Grand Duchess of Finland ===The House of [[House of Pfalz-Zweibrücken|Pfalz-Zweibrücken]]=== *[[1654]]-[[1660]] : [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden]] (''Kaarle X Kustaa''), also titled Grand Duke of Finland *[[1660]]-[[1697]] : [[Charles XI of Sweden]] (''Kaarle XI''), also titled Grand Duke of Finland *[[1697]]-[[1718]] : [[Charles XII of Sweden]] (''Kaarle XII''), also titled Grand Duke of Finland *[[1719]]-[[1720]] : [[Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden]] (''Ulriika Eleonoora''), also titled Grand Duchess of Finland ===The House of [[House of Hesse|Hesse]]=== *[[1720]]-[[1751]] : [[Frederick I of Sweden]] (''Fredrik I'') ===The House of [[House of Holstein-Gottorp (In Sweden)|Holstein-Gottorp]]=== [[Image:Gustav III of Sweden 1.jpg|thumb|100px|Kustaa III]] *[[1751]]-[[1771]] : [[Adolf Frederick of Sweden]] (''Aadolf Fredrik'') *[[1771]]-[[1792]] : [[Gustav III of Sweden]] (''Kustaa III'') **[[1792]]-[[1796]] : [[Charles XIII of Sweden|Charles, duke of Södermanland]] as Regent (''Södermanlannin herttua Kaarle'') *[[1792]]-[[1809]] : [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden]] (''Kustaa IV Aadolf'') ==Grand Duchy of Finland in Russian Empire 1809-1917== ''The [[Grand Duchy of Finland]] in the Russian Empire ([[1809]]-[[1917]]) with the Emperor of Russia as the Grand Duke (Prince) of Finland (Suomen suuriruhtinas).'' ===The House of [[Romanov]]=== [[Image:Nicholas II of Russia painted by Earnest Lipgart.jpg|thumb|100px|Nikolai II]] *[[1809]]-[[1825]] : [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] (''Aleksanteri I'') *[[1825]]-[[1855]] : [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I]] (''Nikolai I'') *[[1855]]-[[1881]] : [[Alexander II of Russia|Alexander II]] (''Aleksanteri II'') *[[1881]]-[[1894]] : [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III]] (''Aleksanteri III'') *[[1894]]-[[1917]] : [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] (''Nikolai II'') ==Interim period 1917-1919== ''Regents (valtionhoitaja) using the powers reserved for the monarch.'' * [[November 7]],[[1917]] - [[November 15]],[[1917]] : [[Eemil Nestor Setälä]] * [[November 15]],[[1917]] - [[November 28]],[[1917]] : [[Otto Johannes Lundson]] * [[November 28]],[[1917]] - [[May 18]],[[1918]] : [[Pehr Evind Svinhufvud]] * [[May 27]],[[1918]] - [[December 12]],[[1918]] : [[Pehr Evind Svinhufvud]]<ref>During Svinhufvud's regency, [[Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse]] was elected as the King of Finland on October 9, 1918. He never took office and renounced the throne on December 14, 1918.</ref> (again) * [[December 27]],[[1918]] - [[July 26]],[[1919]] : [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]] ''For later heads of state after the proclamation of the republic, see [[Presidents of Finland]].'' ==See also== * [[Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse|Frederick Charles of Hesse]] * [[Monarchy of Finland]] * [[President of Finland]] * [[Prime Minister of Finland]] * [[List of Swedish monarchs]] * [[Governors-General of Sweden]] * [[List of Russian rulers]] * [[Governor-General of Finland]] * [[Duke of Finland]] * [[Ancient kings of Finland]] * [[Kings of Kvenland]] [[Category:Lists of monarchs|Finland]] [[Category:Finnish monarchy|*]] [[id:Daftar raja Finlandia]] [[he:שליטי פינלנד]] [[nl:Lijst van staatshoofden van Finland]] [[pt:Anexo:Lista de reis da Finlândia]] [[fi:Luettelo Suomen hallitsijoista]] [[zh:芬兰君主列表]] ==References== {{reflist}}