List of automotive superlatives
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2008-07-07T14:01:16Z
89.42.163.20
/* Flat-6 */
{{Original research|date=December 2007}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2007}}
This page lists [[Wiktionary:superlatives|superlatives]] of the [[automobile]] industry - that is, the smallest, largest, fastest, lightest, best-selling, and other such topics.
In order to keep the entries relevant, the list (except for the [[#Firsts|Firsts]] section) will be limited to automobiles built after World War II. Many odd vehicles emerged in the early days of the automobile industry. There is [[#Pre-War|a section]] for early superlatives, however.
The list will also be limited to production road cars that meet the following conditions:
# Vehicles constructed principally for the transport of people rather than other primary purposes.
# 20 or more examples must have been made by the original vehicle manufacturer and offered for commercial sale to the public in new condition - cars modified by either professional tuners or individuals are not eligible
# They must be street-legal in their intended markets and capable of passing any tests or inspections required to be granted this status
# They must have been built for retail sale to consumers for their personal use on public roads - no commercial or industrial vehicles are eligible
==Some notes about units of measurement used herein==
===Engine capacity/displacement===
*1 L = 1,000 [[cubic centimeter]]s = 61.0237 [[cubic inch]]es
*1 in³ = 16.3871 cubic centimeters
===Engine output===
[[Power (physics)|Power]]
*1 [[horsepower]] (hp) = 1 brake hp (bhp) = 1.0139 metric hp ([[Horsepower#PS|PS]]) = 0.7457 [[kilowatt]]s (kW)
*1 metric hp = 0.9863 hp = 0.7355 kilowatts
*1 kilowatt = 1.3410 hp = 1.3596 metric hp
[[Torque]]
*1 foot-pound force of torque ( ft•lbf''f'') = 1.3558 [[newton-meter]] (N•m)
*1 newton-meter = 0.7376 foot-pound force
===Fuel economy===
*1 mile per US gallon = 1.2009 miles per imperial gallon = 0.4252 kilometers per L = 235.208 liters per 100 kilometers
*1 mile per imperial gallon = 0.8327 miles per US gallon = 0.3540 kilometers per L = 282.4731 liters per 100 kilometers
*1 kilometer per L = 2.3521 miles per US gallon = 2.8247 miles per imperial gallon
*1 L per 100 kilometers = 235.208 miles per US gallon = 282.4731 miles per imperial gallon
===Power to weight or weight to power===
(See also: [[weight-to-power ratio]])
*1 hp per [[short ton]] = 1.12 hp per [[long ton]] = 0.82199 kilowatt per [[metric ton]]
*1 hp per long ton = 0.89286 hp per short ton = 0.76890 kilowatt per metric ton
*1 kilowatt per metric ton = 1.2166 hp per short ton = 1.3625 hp per long ton
*1 pound per hp = 0.60828 kilogram per kilowatt
==Engine capacity==
===[[Flat-twin]]===
* Smallest flat-twin engine (gasoline) - 0.38 L (375 cc/23 in³) - 1948 [[Citroën 2CV]]
* Largest flat-twin engine (gasoline) - 4.83 L (4838 cc/295 in³) - 1904 [[Lanchester 18]] [http://www.citroen.mb.ca/cItROeNeT/panhard-et-levassor/panhard-04.html]
===[[Straight-3]] (I3)===
* Smallest I3 engine (gasoline) - 0.36 L (357 cc/22 in³) - 1967 [[Suzuki Fronte]]
* Smallest I3 engine (Diesel) - 0.8 L (799 cc/48.8 in³) - 2000 [[Smart Fortwo]] ''cdi''
* Largest I3 engine (gasoline) - 1.2 L (1198 cc/73 in³) - 2002 [[Volkswagen Polo]]/[[SEAT Ibiza]]/[[Škoda Fabia]]
* Largest I3 engine (Diesel) - 1.8 L (1779 cc/109 in³) - 1984 [[Alfa Romeo 33]] 1.8 TD
===[[Straight-4]] (I4)===
* Smallest I4 engine (gasoline) - 0.36 L (356 cc/21.7 in³) - 1963 [[Honda T360]] ''AS250E''
* Smallest I4 engine (Diesel) - 1.25 L (1248 cc/65 in³) - 2003 [[Fiat Nuova Panda]] ''[[MultiJet]]''
* Largest I4 engine (gasoline) - 3.2 L (3202 cc/195.45 in³) - 1965 [[IHC Scout]]
* Largest I4 engine (Diesel) - 4.1 L (4100 cc/250.2 in³) - [[Toyota]] [[Toyota Mega Cruiser|Mega Cruiser]] ''[[Toyota 15B-FTE engine|15B-FTE]]'' [[Diesel]]
===[[V4 engine]]===
* Smallest V4 engine - 0.7 L (746 cc/46 in³) - 1960 [[Zaporozhets|ZAZ 965]] ''[[MeMZ|V4]]''
* Largest V4 engine - 2.6 L (2568 cc/157 in³) - 1930 [[Lancia Lambda]] ''[[Lancia V4 engine|V4]]''
===[[Flat-4]]===
* Smallest Flat 4 engine - 0.9 L (897 cc) - [[Lloyd Arabella]]
* Largest Flat 4 engine - 2.5 L (2484 cc) - [[Lancia Gamma]] <!-- See the article for citations. -->
===[[Straight-5]] (I5)===
* Smallest I5 engine (gasoline) - 1.9 L (1921 cc/117 in³) - 1981 [[Audi 100]] 1.9 E
* Smallest I5 engine (Diesel) - 2.0 L (1986 cc/121 in³) - 1978 [[Audi 100]] 2.0 D
* Largest I5 engine (gasoline) - 3.7 L (3653 cc/223 in³) - 2007 [[General Motors Corporation|GM]] ''[[GM Atlas engine#LLR|Atlas L5R 3700]]''
* Largest I5 engine (Diesel) - 3.5 L (3469 cc/212 in³) - 1990 [[Toyota]] [[Toyota Land Cruiser|Land Cruiser]] ''[[Toyota PZ engine|1PZ]]'' [[Diesel]]
===[[Straight-6]] (I6)===
* Smallest I6 engine (gasoline) - 1.1 L (1087 cc/68 in³) - 1933 [[MG Cars|MG]] [[MG K-Type|K-Type]]
* Smallest I6 engine (Diesel) - 2.4 L (2383 cc/145 in³) - 1979 [[Volvo]] [[Volvo 200 Series#Diesel VW|240 D24 engine]]
* Largest I6 engine (gasoline) - 8 L (7983 cc/487 in³) - [[Bentley]] [[Bentley 8 Litre|8 Litre]]
* Largest I6 engine (Diesel) - 6.7 L (6690 cc/408 in³) - 2007 [[Dodge Ram|Dodge Ram 2500/3500]] ''[[Cummins]] [[Cummins B Series engine|B series turbodiesel]]''
===[[V6 engine]]===
* Smallest V6 engine (gasoline) - 1.6 L (1597 cc/97 in³) - 1992 [[Mitsubishi]] [[Mitsubishi Lancer|Lancer]] ''[[Mitsubishi 6A1 engine|6A1]]''
**Honorable mention: - 1.0 L - 1960s [[DKW]] [[DKW F102|F102]] (a two-stroke V6) ''(about 100 produced for testing, 13 fitted to road cars)''[http://www.dyna.co.za/cars/specs.htm]
**Honorable mention: - 1.4 L (1396cc) Smart V6 consisting of two combined 3-cyl [[Smart Roadster]] engines. This twin turbocharged gasoline engine develops {{convert|225|bhp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 5500 rpm with {{convert|162|ftlbf|Nm|abbr=on}} of torque from 2250-4500 rpm). Only 10 prototype Smart Coupé [[Brabus]] were fitted in 2003 with this engine made by [[Mercedes-Benz]].
* Smallest V6 engine (Diesel) - 2.5 L (2496 cc/152 in³) - 1996 [[Audi|Audi/VW]] 2.5 TDI (in multiple cars)
* Largest V6 engine (gasoline) - 7.8 L (7800 cc/478 in³) - 1966 [[GMC (General Motors division)|GMC]] 1000-3500 series ''[[GMC V6 engine|478E 60° V6]]''
* Largest V6 engine (Diesel automobiles) - 4.3 L (4304 cc/262 in³) - 1982 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass]] Supreme, Supreme Brougham, Calais [[General Motors Corporation|GM]] ''[[Oldsmobile Diesel V6 engine|LT6]]''
===[[Flat-6]]===
* Smallest Flat 6 engine - 2.0 L (1991 cc) - [[Porsche 911]]
* Largest Flat 6 engine - 5.5 L (5490 cc) - [[Tucker Torpedo]]
**Honorable mention - 9.7 L (9651 cc) - [[Tucker Torpedo]] prototype, never saw production
===[[V8 engine]]===
* Smallest road car V8 engine (gasoline) - 2.0 L (1990 cc/121 in³) - 1975 [[Ferrari GT4#208 GT4|Ferrari 208 GT4]]
* Smallest V8 engine (Diesel) - 3.3 L (3328 cc/203 in³) - 2000 [[Audi A8]] ''3.3 [[Turbo Direct Injection|TDI]]''
* Largest V8 engine (gasoline) - 8.2 L (8194 cc/500 in³) - 1970 [[Cadillac Eldorado]] ''[[Cadillac V8 engine#1963|500]]''
**Honorable mention: 12.8 L (12782 cc/780 in³) - 2006 Weineck Cobra 780 (limited edition tuner car)
* Largest V8 engine (Diesel) - 7.3 L (7275 cc/444 in³) - 1997 [[Ford F-Series|Ford F250]] ''[[Ford Power Stroke engine|Power Stroke]]''
===[[W8 engine]]===
** Honourable mention: 4.0 L - 2002-2004 [[Volkswagen Passat]] W8 4 Motion
===[[V10 engine]]===
* Smallest V10 engine - 4.9 L (4921 cc/301 in³) - [[Volkswagen Touareg]] V10 TDI
* Largest V10 engine - 8.4 L (8381 cc/511 in³) - 2008 [[Dodge Viper]]
===[[Flat-12]]===
* Smallest road car Flat 12 engine - 4.45 L - [[Ferrari 365 GT4 Berlinetta Boxer]]
* Largest Flat 12 engine - 5.0 L - [[Ferrari 512 Berlinetta Boxer]]
===[[V12 engine]]===
* Smallest road car V12 engine - 2.0 L (1995 cc/122 in³) - 1948 [[Ferrari 166|Ferrari 166 Inter]] ''[[Ferrari Colombo engine|Colombo]]''
** Honorable mention: - 1.5 L (1497 cc/91 in³) - 1947 [[Ferrari 125 S]] ''[[Ferrari Colombo engine|Colombo]]'' (''Not a production road car'').
* Largest V12 engine - 11.5 L (11,508c cc/702 in³) - 1960 to 1965 GMC Twin-Six "[[GMC V6 engine|702]]" for commercial trucks
** Honorable mention: - 7.5 L (7467c cc/456 in³) - 1934 [[Packard Twelve Victoria]] (pre-WWII)
** Honorable mention: - 7.7 L (7730 cc/471 in³) - TVR Cerbera Speed 12 (''Vehicle never reached production'').
===[[W12 engine]]===
* Largest W12 engine - 6.0 L (5999 cc/366 cu in³) 2005 [[Audi A8 Quattro]]
===[[V16 engine]]===
* Largest V16 engine - 8.0 L (8046 cc/491 in³) - [[Marmon|Marmon Sixteen]]
** Honorable mention: 13.6 L (13600 cc/829 in³) 2003 [[Cadillac Sixteen]] ([[concept car]])
* Smallest road car V16 engine - 7.1 L (7062 cc/431 in³) - [[Cadillac V-16#1938-1940|Cadillac Series 90]]
** Honorable mention: 1.5 L (1488 cc/91 in³) [[BRM British Racing Motors V16]] ''(not a production engine)''
===[[W16 engine]]===
* Smallest W16 engine - 8.0 L (7993 cc) - 2005 [[Bugatti Veyron]]
* Largest W16 engine - 8.0 L (7993 cc) - 2005 [[Bugatti Veyron]]
==Dimensions==
===Overall===
* Longest - 6650 mm (261.8 in) - 2006 [[Ford F-350]] Super Duty Crew Cab Long Bed
** Passenger car - 6426 mm (253 in) - 1975 [[Cadillac Fleetwood|Cadillac Fleetwood Seventy-Five]] [http://www.mindspring.com/~dburden/wheelbase.html]
*** Honorable mention - 6400 mm (252 in) - 1932 [[Bugatti Royale]] (''Few produced'')
** Commercial - 6852 mm (269.8 in) - [[Checker Aerocar]]
*** Honorable mention - 6680 mm (263.0 in) - 2005 [[Mercedes-Benz Sprinter|Mercedes-Benz (in US Dodge) Sprinter High Roof]]
* Widest - 2474 mm - 2002 [[Unimog|Unimog U5000]]
* Highest - 1632 mm (64.3 in) - 2006 [[Rolls Royce Phantom]] ("Highest passenger car")
* Shortest - 1340 mm (52.8 in) - 1962 [[Peel P50]] (3 wheels)
** Honorable mention - 2286 mm (90 in) - 1956 [[Isetta]] (4 wheels)
* Lowest - 39 in (991 mm) - 1967 [[Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale]] ''(18 produced)''
** Honorable mention - 37 in (940 mm) - [[Concept Cars Ltd|Concept]] [[Concept Centaur GT|Centaur GT]] ''(Not a production car)''
** Honorable mention - 32 in (813 mm) - [[Adams Brothers]] [[Probe 16]] ''(Only 3 produced)''
===Wheelbase===
* Longest wheelbase - 4475 mm (176.2 in) - 2006 [[Ford F-Series|Ford F-350 Super Duty Chassis Crew Cab]] (truck)
** Honorable mention - 3900 mm (153.3 in) - 1964 [[Mercedes-Benz 600]] - longest wheelbase car
** Honorable mention - 4800 mm (189 in) - [[Checker Aerocar]] (''Not a consumer vehicle'')
* Shortest wheelbase - 1270 mm (50 in) - 1962 [[Peel P50]]
** Honorable mention - 1500 mm (59.1 in) - 1956 [[Isetta]]
** Honorable mention - 1800 mm (70.9 in) - 2003 [[Suzuki Twin]]
===Track===
* Widest Front - {{convert|1920|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} - 2002 [[Unimog|Unimog U5000]]
* Widest Rear - {{convert|1920|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} - 2002 [[Unimog|Unimog U5000]]
* Narrowest Front - 990 mm (39 in) - [[Peel P50]]
* Narrowest Rear - 521 mm (20.5 in) - [[Isetta]]
===Weight===
* Heaviest - 3681 kg (8114 lb) [[curb weight]] - 2006 [[Hummer H1|Hummer H1 Alpha Wagon]]
* Lightest - 59 kg (132 lb) [[DIN]] - 1962 [[Peel P50]] (3 wheels)
** Honorable mention - 350 kg (770 lb) [[DIN]] - 1956 [[Isetta]] (4 wheels)
===Other===
* Largest iron [[disc brake|brake disc]] - 405 mm (16 in) - 2004 [[Bentley Continental GT]]
* Largest carbon ceramic [[disc brake|brake disc]] - 420 mm (16.5 in) - 2006 [[Bentley Continental GT]] Diamond Series, 2007 [[Bentley Continental GT]] Speed
* Largest fuel tank - {{Convert|290|L|usgal impgal|1|abbr=on|lk=on}} - 1986 [[Lamborghini LM002]]
* Largest tires (height) - 1041.4 mm (41 in) - 2006 [[International CXT]]
* Largest tires (weight) - 90.71 kg (200 lb) - 2006 [[International CXT]]
==Power==
===Most power===
* Petrol/Gasoline - ([[naturally-aspirated]]) - 485 kW (660 [[horse power#PS|PS]]/651 [[horse power|hp]]) - 2003 [[Enzo Ferrari (car)|Enzo Ferrari]] V12 engine
** Honorable mention: 820 kW (1115 PS/1100 hp) - 2006 Weineck Cobra 780 (limited edition tuner car)
* Front-wheel drive: 226 kW (307 PS/303 hp) - [[GM LS engine#LS4|GM LS4]], 2005 [[Chevrolet Impala|Chevrolet Impala SS]] and [[Chevrolet Monte Carlo|Monte Carlo SS]]
** Honorable mention: 298 kW (400 hp) 1970 Cadillac Eldorado (400hp and 550ft/lbs measured at the crank)
*Petrol/Gasoline - (forced-induction) - 736 kW (1001 PS/987 hp) - 2005 [[Bugatti Veyron]] ([[Turbocharger|quad-turbocharged]] W16 engine)
** Honorable mention: 879.9 kW (1196 PS/1180 hp) - [[SSC Aero|2007 SSC Ultimate Aero TT]] (appears that less than 20 will be produced)
*[[Diesel]] - 368 kW (500 PS/493 hp) - [[List of Volkswagen engines#500 hp 6.0L V12 TDI|Audi V12 TDI]] in the [[Audi Q7]]
===Most torque===
*Petrol (naturally-aspirated) - 775 N·m (572 ft·lbf), 1997 [[Mercedes-Benz CLK GTR]] 6.9 L (5987 cc/365 in³) [[Mercedes-Benz M120 engine|M120 V12 engine]].
** Honorable Mention: 1760 N·m (1298.1 ft·lbf), [[Weineck Cobra Limited Edition|2006 Weineck Cobra 780 cui Limited Edition]] (12782 cc/780 in³) V8 engine. (Production car status is debatable.)
*Petrol (forced-induction) - 1250 N·m (922 ft·lbf), 2005 [[Bugatti Veyron]] 8.0 L (7993 cc/488 in³) [[Turbocharger|quad-turbocharged]] W16 engine.
** Honorable Mention: 1303 N·m (961 ft·lbf), [[SSC Aero|2007 SSC Ultimate Aero TT]] (6345 cc/387.2 in³) [[Turbocharger|twin-turbo]] V8 engine. (limited production of 25)
*Diesel - 1000 N·m (738 ft·lbf), Audi Q7 V12 TDI 6.0 L (5934 cc/362 in³) Twin Turbo V12
===Most specific power (power to weight ratio)===
* 100–200 hp — 288.75 hp/metric ton (7.64 lb/hp) — [[Lotus 340R]], 190 hp (142 kW) and 658 kg (1451 lb)
* 200–300 hp — 657 hp/metric ton (3.35 lb/hp) — [[Ariel Atom]] 2 [[supercharged]] 300 hp (224 kW) and 456 kg (1005 lb)
* 300–400 hp — 381 hp/metric ton (5.79 lb/hp) — 2003 [[TVR Tuscan]] S 400 hp (298 kW) and 1050 kg (2315 lb)
* 400+ hp — 1045 hp/metric ton (1.91 lb/hp) - 2007 [[Caparo T1]] V8 engine 575 hp (429 kW) and 470 kg (1036 lb)
400+ category previously listed as 949 hp/metric ton (2.33 lb/hp) — [[SSC Aero|2007 SSC Ultimate Aero TT]] V8 engine 1180 hp (880 kW) and 1247 kg (2750 lb).
===Most specific engine output (power per unit displacement)===
*Petrol/Gasoline ([[naturally-aspirated]]) [[piston engine]] - 92.1 kW (125.2 PS/123.7 hp)/litre - 2000 JDM [[Honda S2000]] ''[[Honda F20C engine|F20C]]'' (184 kW (250 PS/247 hp) [[JIS]] 2.0 L [[Straight-4|I4]])
:* Honorable Mention 126.49hp/litre - [[Ascari A10]] (625hp/466kW/634PS 4941cc [[V-8|V8]]) (Limited production, only 50 to be produced)
:* Honorable mention: 125.3 kW (168 hp)/litre - 2002 [[Radical Sportscars]] ''SR3'' (252 hp (184 kW) 1.5 L I4 engine) - (''Note:'' The Radical's status as a production car is disputed, and numbers refer to the competition version, there are no official data for the road version)
*Petrol/Gasoline (forced-induction) [[piston engine]] - 149 kW (203 PS/200 hp)/litre 400 hp - 2005 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VIII FQ400 (298 kW (405 PS/400 hp) 2.0 L [[straight-4|I4]] (''The FQ400's status as a "production car" is disputed'')
*[[Diesel]] ([[naturally-aspirated]]) - 33.4 kW (45.4 PS/44.7 hp)/litre (100 kW (136 PS/134 hp) [[DIN]] 3.0 L [[Straight-6|I6]]) - 1995 [[Mercedes-Benz E-Class|Mercedes E 300 D]]
*[[Diesel]] (forced-induction) - 75.2 kW (102,2 PS)/litre (150 kW (204 PS) 2.0 L [[Straight-4|I4]] twin-turbo) - 2007 [[BMW]] new [[List of BMW engines#Straight-4|2L engines]]
** Honorable Mention: 81.6 kW (111 PS/109.5 hp)/litre (156 kW (212 PS/209 hp) 1.9 L I4 twin-turbo) - 2003 [[Opel Vectra]] OPC Concept (''Not a production vehicle'')
*[[Naturally-aspirated]] [[pistonless rotary engine]] - 140.5 kW (191.1 PS/188.8 hp) /litre - [[Mazda RX-8]] ''[[Mazda Wankel engine#Renesis|Renesis]]'' (184 kW (250 PS/247 hp) [[Japanese Industrial Standard|JIS]] 1.3 L)
*Forced-induction [[pistonless rotary engine]] - 157.4 kW (214.1 PS/212.3 hp)/litre - 2003 [[Mazda RX-7]] ''[[Mazda Wankel engine#13B|13B-REW]]'' (206 kW (280 PS/276 hp [[Japanese Industrial Standard|JIS]] 1.3 L)( Numbers based on insurance claims for lower premiums, all Japanese supercars of that era (1988 to 2003) were rated at 276hp)
===Most specific torque (torque per unit displacement)===
The [[mean effective pressure]] (MEP) is a useful comparison tool, giving the average cylinder pressure exerted on the piston.
*Petrol ([[naturally-aspirated]]) - MEP 14.3 bar, 114 N•m (84 ft•lbf)/litre (370 N•m (273 ft•lbf)) - 2003 [[BMW M3]] ''CSL''
*Petrol (forced-induction) - MEP 30.3 bar, 241.4 N•m (177.7 ft•lbf)/litre (482.1 N•m (355 ft•lbf)) - 2004 [[Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution|Mitsubishi Evo VIII]] ''MR FQ-400''
** Honorable mention: MEP unknown, 157 N•m (115.8 ft•lbf)/litre - 156 N•m/115 ft•lbf [[Suzuki Forsa]] (Turbocharged L3 Sohc 993cc)
*Petrol ([[naturally-aspirated]] [[pistonless rotary engine]]) - MEP 21.5 bar, 170.8 N•m (126.0 ft•lbf)/litre (222 N•m (164 ft•lbf)) - 2005 [[Mazda RX-8]]
*Petrol (forced-induction [[pistonless rotary engine]]) - MEP 28.4 bar, 226.3 N•m (166.9 ft•lbf)/litre (294 N•m (217 ft•lbf)) - 1995 [[Mazda RX-7]] ''Turbo''
*Diesel - MEP unknown, 209 N•m (154.1 ft•lbf)/litre (400 N•m (294 ft•lbf)) - 2007 [[Fiat]] new 1.9 [[JTD]] [[Twin Stage Turbo]] engine (''also used on 2007 [[Saab 9-3]] 1.9 TTiD'')
** Honorable mention: MEP 26.5 bar, 210.5 N•m (154.8 ft•lbf)/litre (400 N•m (294 ft•lbf)) - 2003 [[Opel Vectra]] OPC Concept (''Not a production vehicle'')
==Economy==
* Highest USA [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] mileage - {{convert|48|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}}/{{convert|60|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}} - 2001 [[Honda Insight]] 5-speed
** Note: in 2007 the EPA changed its measurement standards, changing the rating to {{convert|48|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}}/{{convert|58|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}}
* Lowest USA EPA mileage - {{convert|8|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}}/{{convert|12|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}} - 2008 [[Hummer H2]]
* Lowest EU fuel consumption - {{convert|2.99|L/100 km|abbr=on}} - 2002 [[VW Lupo]] 1.2 TDI 5-speed
** Honorable mention: {{convert|0.89|L/100 km|abbr=on}} - 2002 [[Volkswagen 1-litre car]] (''Not a production car'') [http://www.seriouswheels.com/top-vw-1-liter-car.htm]
* Highest EU fuel consumption - {{convert|24.1|L/100 km|abbr=on}} combined city/hwy 2008 [[Bugatti Veyron]] 16.4
* Longest 90% range - 1500 km (932 mi) - 2005 Mercedes E220 CDI with 6-speed manual and optional {{Convert|80|L|usgal impgal|0|abbr=on|lk=on}} fuel tank, calculated by using extra-urban Euro cycle mileage of {{convert|4.8|L/100 km|abbr=on}}
==Price==
* Most expensive - $1,600,000 - 2006 [[Bugatti Veyron]]
* Most inexpensive - $125 - 1922 [[Briggs & Stratton Flyer]] ($1,364.22 in 2006, inflation adjusted) Note that this would be the factory price. The car is probably worth more due to its collector's value.
* Most inexpensive (currently in production) - $2500 [[Tata Nano]]
==Performance==
{{Mergefrom|Fastest production car|Talk:Fastest production car#Merger proposal|date=November 2007}}
* Quickest 0-60 mph (roughly equal to 0-100 km/h):
** 2.46 seconds - 2006 [[Bugatti Veyron]] {{Fact|date=June 2007}}
** 4 seater - 3.5 seconds - 2009 [[Nissan GT-R]]<ref>[http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Drives/FullTests/articleId=124017 2009 Nissan GT-R - Full Test: InsideLine<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
** 4-door car - 3.5 seconds - 2005 [[Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution|Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VIII FQ400]] 2.0 L {{Fact|date=November 2007}}
** Pickup truck - 4.9 seconds - 2004 [[Dodge Ram SRT-10]] {{Fact|date=November 2007}}
***Honorable mention: 1991 [[GMC Syclone]] - Car & Driver got 0-60 in 4.6 Seconds (Nov '90) and later 5.3 Seconds (Sep '91), Sport Truck (Jan '91) got 4.8 seconds, Off Road magazine (Feb '91) got 4.3 Seconds (Feb '91), and Autoweek got 5.2 seconds but quoted GMC's estimate of 4.6 seconds and cited unfavorable temperature and track conditions.
** Sport Utility Vehicle - 4.5 seconds - 2007 [[Jeep]] ''Grand Cherokee SRT8'' {{Fact|date=November 2007}}
* Quickest 0-200 km/h (124 mph) - 7.4 seconds - Auto Motor und Sport - 2006 Bugatti Veyron 16.4 {{Fact|date=November 2007}}
* Quickest 0-300 km/h time (185 mph) - 18.2 seconds, Auto Motor Und Sport - 2006 Bugatti Veyron 16.4
* Quickest 0-400 km/h time (248 mph) - 55 seconds - 2006 Bugatti Veyron 16.4 {{Fact|date=November 2007}}
* Quickest 0-100-0 mph: sports car: [[Caparo T1]] it goes 0-100 MPH in under 5 seconds
**Sports car (2 seat) - 9.9 sec - 2006 Bugatti Veyron {{Fact|date=June 2007}}<!--Autocar Magazine?-->
***Honorable mention: 9.4 seconds - 2006 [[Ultima GTR]]-720<sup>[http://www.ultimasports.co.uk/records/part6.html]</sup> - (''Note:'' production numbers for GTR-720 are not available and the GTR's status as a "production car" is disputed.)
* Highest top speed:
** Sports car - 411 km/h (255 mph) - [[SSC Aero|2007 SSC Ultimate Aero TT]] {{Fact|date=November 2007}}
*** Honorable Mention: 407 km/h (253 mph) - [[Bugatti Veyron 16.4]] {{Fact|date=November 2007}}
** 4-door car - 366 km/h (227 mph) - [[Brabus Rocket]]<sup>[http://www.worldcarfans.com/7061121.002/brabus-rockets-to-366km-h-world-record]</sup>
** Pickup truck/Utility - 271.44 km/h (168.66 mph) - [[Holden Special Vehicles#World Record|2006 HSV Maloo R8]] {{Fact|date=November 2007}}
***Honorable mention: 360.9 km/h (225.609 mph) Estate Car - [[MG ZT-T]] (One-off modified for land speed record use)
==Sales==
:''See also [[List of bestselling vehicle nameplates]]''
* Best-selling models:
** Best-selling car nameplate - [[Toyota Corolla]] ''(more than 32,000,000 sold in nine generations since 1966)''
** Best-selling vehicle nameplate - [[Toyota Corolla]] ''(more than 32,000,000 sold in nine generations since 1966)''
** Best-selling single model - [[Volkswagen Beetle]] ''(21,529,464 of the same basic design sold worldwide between 1938 and 2003)''
** Best single-year sales - 1.36 million - 2005 [[Toyota Corolla]].
** Best single-month sales - 126,905 - July 2005 [[Ford F-Series]] [http://www.ford-trucks.com/news/idx/12/264/2005/article/FORD_FSERIES_SETS_NEW_MONTHLY_SALES_RECORD_.html]
** Best-selling coupe - [[Ford Mustang]] (1964–present) — over ''8,000,000'' in five generations.
** Best-selling 2-seat car - [[Chevrolet Corvette]] ''(1,302,401 sold between 1953 and 2003 (1,407,858 between 1953 and 2006, not including 2006 Z06)) [http://www.corvetteactioncenter.com/specs/totalprod.html]
** Best Selling Minivan - [[Dodge Caravan]], over 11,000,000 sold.
* Lowest-production models: ''(excluding limited-production vehicles)''
** Pickup truck - avg. 223 per month, [[Lincoln Blackwood]] ''(3,356 sold in 15 months)''
** Sports car - avg. 6 per month, [[Toyota 2000GT]] ''(337 sold in 5 years)''
** SUV - avg. 4 per month, [[Lamborghini LM002]] ''(301 sold in 6 years)''
** Supercar - avg. 2 per month, [[MG XPower SV]] ''(64 sold in 2 years)''
==Firsts==
Full-production vehicles are listed here. Many were preceded by racing-only cars.
===Industry===
* First automobile manufacturer - [[Benz]] (1871), [[Panhard|Panhard et Levassor]] (1889) (followed by [[Peugeot]] in 1891)
* First standardized automobile - [[Benz Velo]] (1894) or [[Duryea Motor Wagon]] (1893)
* First mass-produced automobile - [[Oldsmobile Curved Dash]] (1901){{Fact|date=October 2007}}<!--Other articles in WP claim different, including [[Duryea]] & [[Benz]], not counting the [[Model T]]...-->
** Honorable Mention - [[Ford Model T]], first car produced on a moving assembly line.
* First auto company technical institute - [[General Motors Institute]] (now [[Kettering University]])
* First automotive proving ground - [[General Motors]] [[Milford Proving Grounds]]
===Engine types===
* [[V4 engine]]
** First V4 - 1922 [[Lancia Lambda]]
*** Honorable mention - 1903 [[Marmon]] ''(few produced)''
*** Honorable mention - 1904 [[Christie]] ''(race only, few produced)''
* [[Straight-6]]
** First 6-cylinder - 1903 [[Napier & Son]] ''(few produced)''
* [[V6 engine]]
** First V6 - 1950 [[Lancia Aurelia]]
*** Honorable mention - 1904 [[Marmon]] ''(few produced)''
* [[Straight-8]]
** First I8 - 1919 [[Isotta-Fraschini]] Tipo 8
*** Honorable mention - 1903 [[Charron, Girardot et Voigt|CGV]] (first eight-cylinder design; none built)<ref>Georgano, G. N. ''Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886-1930''. (London: Grange-Universal, 1990), p.42.</ref>
*** Honorable mention - 1920 [[Duesenberg]] Model A
* [[V8 engine]]
** First V8 - 1904 [[Marmon]] ''(few produced)''
*** Honorable mention - [[Rolls-Royce V-8 (1905)|1905 Rolls-Royce V-8]]<ref>Georgano, p.43.</ref> ''(three produced, one sold, none surviving)''
** First commercially successful V8 - 1910 [[de Dion]] CJ<ref>Wise, David Burgess, "De Dion: The Aristocrat and the Toymaker", in Ward, Ian, executive editor. ''The World of Automobiles'' (London: Orbis Publishing, 1974), Volume 5, p.514</ref><ref>[[de Dion]]</ref>
** First [[Overhead valve|OHV]] V8 - 1949 [[Oldsmobile V8 engine|Oldsmobile]]/[[Cadillac V8 engine#1949|Cadillac]] (Not the same engine, but both released the same year)
* [[V10 engine]]
** First V10 (road car) - 1992 [[Dodge Viper]] (Previously V10s were only used in race cars and trucks)
** First V10 sedan - 2002 [[Volkswagen Phaeton]]
** First V10 wagon - 2007 [[BMW M5|BMW M5 Touring]]
* [[V12 engine]]
** First V12 - 1916 [[Packard]] "Double-Six"
*[[W12 engine]]
** First W12 - 2001 [[Audi A8]] (5998 cc W12 engine - four banks - two banks per cylinder head, with two cylinder heads)
*[[V16 engine]]
** First V16 - 1930 [[Cadillac V-16]]
*** Honorable mention - 1931 [[Marmon]] and 1932 [[Peerless]]
*[[W16 engine]]
** First W16 - [[Bugatti Veyron 16.4]]
*** [[Jimenez Novia]] (used a 4.1 L W16 based on four I4 Yamaha motorcycle engines.)
*[[W18 engine]]
**No production cars yet are known to use a W-18 configuration, however [[Bugatti]] has experimented with both three-bank and four-bank designs for various [[concept cars]].
===Engine technologies===
* First [[carburetor]] - 1896 [[Daimler]]
* First [[overhead cam]] engine - 1898 [[Wilkinson Motor Car Company|Wilkinson]]
* First [[variable displacement]] engine - 1905 [[Sturtevant]] 38/45 six
** Honorable mention - 1917 [[Enger Motor Car|Enger]] Twin-Unit Twelve
* First [[DOHC]] engine - 1921 [[Ballot (automobile)|Ballot]]
** Honorable mention - 1913 [[Peugeot]] (DOHC four-valve [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] car)
* First [[Diesel]]-engined production car — 1935 [[Citroen]] [[Citroen Rosalie|Rosalie]].
* [[Multi-valve]] engines
** First 3-valve engine - 1924 [[Bugatti]] [[Bugatti Type 35|Type 35]] ''([[Bugatti Type 18|Type 18]] had a 3-valve in 1912, but only 6 or 7 were made. The Type 35 used the engine from the 1922 [[Bugatti Type 29|Type 29]] racing car.)''
** First 4-valve engine - 1913 [[Peugeot Grand Prix]]
*** Honorable mentions - An [[SOHC]] 4-valve engine appeared in 1910's [[Bugatti Type 13]] racing car, while a 4-valve [[straight-4]] was also developed by Bugatti in 1914. The [[Linthwaite-Hussey Motor Company]] of Los Angeles manufactured and advertised a four-valve straight-4 engine in 1916.
** First 5-valve engine - 1989 [[Mitsubishi Minica]] 548 cc [[Mitsubishi 3G8 engine|3G81]] I3 ''([[Peugeot]] had a triple overhead cam 5-valve [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] car in 1921).''
** First 6-valve engine - 1985 [[Maserati Biturbo]] 2.0L V6 36V 261 hp (prototype)
** First 3-valve [[Diesel]] - 1989 [[Citroën]] [[Citroën XM|XM]]
** First 4-valve [[Diesel]] - 1993 [[Mercedes-Benz]] [[Mercedes-Benz C-Class|C-Class]] (''OM604 engine'')
** First [[multi-valve]] [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] engine - 1980 [[Maserati]] [[Maserati Biturbo|Biturbo]] ''[[AM452]]''
* First [[carburetor]] air filter - 1915 [[Packard]] Twin Six
** Honorable mention - 1922 [[Rickenbacker (car)|Rickenbacker]] had a modern dry element
* First [[crankcase ventilation]] - 1926 [[Cadillac V8 engine]]
* First automatic [[choke]] - 1932 [[Oldsmobile]]
* First four-barrel [[carburetor]] - 1941 [[Buick]]
* [[Fuel injection]]
** First FI engine - 1910 [[Adams-Farwell]] [[Diesel]]
** First non-[[Diesel]] FI engine - 1952 [[Goliath GP 700]] / [[Gutbrod Superior 600]]
** First [[gasoline direct injection]] - 1952 [[Goliath GP 700]] / [[Gotbrud Superior 600]]
** First electronic [[fuel injection]] - 1968 [[Bosch]] D-Jetronic - [[Volkswagen]] [[VW Type 3|Type 3]]/[[VW Type 4|Type 4]]
** First [[Diesel]] direct injection engine - 1986 [[Fiat Croma]] Turbo D i.d.
** First electronic gasoline direct injection - 1996 [[Mitsubishi Galant]]/[[Mitsubishi Legnum|Legnum]] ''[[Mitsubishi 4G9 engine#4G93|4G93]]'' GDI [[Straight-4|I4]]
** First [[common rail]] diesel direct injection engine - 1997 [[Alfa Romeo 156]] JTD
* First [[Supercharger|supercharged]] car - 1921 [[Mercedes (car)|Mercedes]] 6/25/40 hp
** Honorable mention - 1906 Chadwick ''(6 produced)''
* First [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] car - 1962 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass|Oldsmobile F-85]] ''[[Oldsmobile V8 engine#Turbo Jetfire|Turbo Jetfire]]''
** Honorable mention - 1962 [[Chevrolet Corvair]] ''[[Chevrolet Corvair engine|flat-6]]''
* First [[Turbodiesel|turbocharged diesel]] car - 1978 [[Mercedes-Benz W116|Mercedes-Benz 300SD]]
** Honorable mention - 1978 [[Peugeot 604]]
* First variable-nozzle [[turbocharger]] - 1989 [[Shelby CSX#CSX-VNT|Shelby CSX-VNT]]/[[Garrett Systems]]
** Honorable mention - 2006 [[Porsche 997#Turbo|Porsche 911 Turbo]]/[[BorgWarner]]
* First quad-[[turbocharged]] car - [[Bugatti EB110]]
* First supercharged and turbocharged car - 1985 [[Lancia Delta S4]] (Homologation special, 200 road cars produced for [[Group B]] regulations)
** Honorable mention - 1989 Nissan [[March Superturbo]] ''[[Nissan MA MA09ERT|MA09ERT]]''
* First point ignition - 1910 [[Cadillac Model Thirty]]/[[Delco]]
* First electronic ignition - 1960 [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]]/[[Delco]]
* First alternator - 1960 [[Chrysler Corporation]], [[Plymouth Valiant]]
* First [[flat-engine]] - 1905 [[Knox (automobile)|Knox]]
* First [[Oversquare|square]] engine - 1906 [[Premier (automobile)|Premier]]
* First engine with removable cylinder head - 1908 [[Ford Model T]]
* First counterbalanced [[crankshaft]] - 1908 [[Mercer]] Type 35
* First [[V engine|split-plane]] [[crankshaft]] - 1923 [[Cadillac V8 engine]]
* [[Variable valve timing]]
** First VVT engine - 1980 [[Alfa Romeo Spider]] 2.0 L
** First electronic VVT - 1987 [[Nissan 300ZX]] ''[[Nissan VG engine#VG30DE|VG30DE]]'' [[N-VCT|NVCS]] V6
* First [[gas turbine]] car - 1950 [[Rover (car)|Rover]] JET 1 ''(Experimental only; no gas turbine car ever reached real production)''
* [[Wankel engine]]s
** First [[Wankel engine]] - 1964 [[NSU Motorenwerke AG|NSU]] Spider
** First 2-rotor Wankel - 1965 [[Mazda Cosmo]] ''(60 preproduction examples were produced and registered)''
*** Honorable mention - 1966 [[NSU Ro 80]]
** First 3-rotor [[Wankel engine]] - 1991 [[Mazda Cosmo]]
*** Honorable mentions - 1969 [[Mercedes-Benz C111]] and 1970 [[Felix Wankel]]-refitted [[Mercedes-Benz 300SL]] ''(Not production cars)''
** First [[turbocharger|turbo]] Wankel engine - 1982 [[Mazda Luce]]/[[Mazda Cosmo|Cosmo]]
** First front-wheel drive car with Wankel engine - 1966 [[NSU Ro 80]]
* First [[Miller cycle]] engine - 1996 [[Mazda Millenia]]
* First [[Atkinson cycle]] engine - 2004 [[Toyota Prius]] and [[Ford Escape Hybrid]]
* First [[Hydrogen vehicle]] - 2006 [[Mazda RX-8]] (Japan commercial leases only)
* First [[California]] [[Ultra Low Emission Vehicle|ULEV emissions]] compliant - 1995 [[Honda Accord]]
* First [[sleeve valve]] - 1909 [[Daimler]] (used [[Charles Yale Knight|Charles Knight]] 1903 design)<ref>Georgano, p.43.</ref>
===Hybrid vehicles===
* First gas-electric hybrid - 1899 [[Lohner Carriage|Lohner]]-[[Ferdinand Porsche|Porsche]] Mixte (''about 300 produced'')
* First modern hybrid car - 1904 [[Auto-Mixte]] ([[Belgium]])<!-- same modern system used with regenerating energy from braking and that the petrol engine kicks in when some extra oomph is needed-->
* First modern hybrid car - 1997 [[Toyota Prius]] NHW10/[[Honda Insight]] (Japan)
* First hybrid [[bus]] - 1997 [[Hino Motors|Hino]] (Japan)
* First [[all-wheel drive]] hybrid - 2004 [[Ford Escape Hybrid]]
* First hybrid [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]] - 2004 [[Ford Escape Hybrid]]
* First hybrid [[luxury car]] - 2005 [[Lexus RX 400h]] (introduced January 2004)
* First hybrid [[pickup truck]] - 2005 [[Chevrolet Silverado#Hybrid|Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid]]
* First [[rear-wheel drive]] hybrid car - 2007 [[Lexus GS#GS 450h|Lexus GS450h]] (on sale March 16, 2006 in Japan)
* First three-cylinder hybrid - 1999 [[Honda Insight]]
* First four-cylinder hybrid - 1997 [[Toyota Prius]] NHW10 (Japan)
* First six-cylinder hybrid - 2005 [[Lexus RX 400h]] (introduced January 2004)
===Body===
* First [[sedan]] — 1911 [[Speedwell Motor Car Company]]
* First motorized [[truck]] — October 1896 [[Daimler-Benz|Daimler]]
* First production closed-body car - 1910 [[Cadillac Model Thirty]]
* First [[monocoque]] - 1924 [[Lancia Lambda]]
** Honorable mentions - 1917 [[Ruler Four]] ''(few produced)'', 1934 [[Citroën Traction Avant]], 1914 [[Cornelian]] race car
* First shatter-resistant windshield glass - 1926 [[Cadillac]]
* First [[coupé convertible]] - 1934 [[Peugeot 401]] D Eclipse
* First [[Pickup]] / [[Utility]] (Ute) - 1924 [[Holden]] [[Coupé utility]]
* First safety [[windshield]] - 1948 [[Tucker Torpedo]] (''popout safety glass'')
* First [[fiberglass]] body - 1952 [[Woodill Wildfire]] (low production)
* First [[Multi-purpose vehicle|MPV]] - 1956 [[Fiat Multipla|Fiat 600 Multipla]]
* First [[convertible|retractable hardtop]] - 1934 Pourtout [[Lancia Belna Eclipse]]-coachbuilt
** Honorable mention -first production models- 1934 [[Peugeot 401d éclipse]] and [[Peugot 601d éclipse]]
* First [[hatchback]] - 1953 [[Aston Martin DB2/4]]
** Honorable mentions - 1958 [[Austin A40 Farina]], 1962 [[Austin A40 Farina#Innocenti|Innocenti Combinata]], and 1965 [[Renault 16]]
* First [[fiberglass]] [[monocoque]] - 1956 [[Berkeley cars|Berkeley]] SA322
** Honorable mention - 1959 [[Lotus Elite]]
*
*First [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]] - 1916 [[Ford Model T]]
** honorable mentions:
** 1941 [[Willys]] army jeeps (first [[sport utility convertible]])
** 1942 [[Dodge Carryall]] (arguable example)<!-- 1935 [[Chevrolet Suburban]] Not an SUV then, but a station wagon. -->
** 1957 [[Moskvitch 410]] (first [[crossover SUV]]/XUV)
* First all-[[aluminium]] body - 1932 [[Riley]] Kestrel
** Honorable mention - 1947 [[Land Rover]] (used [[Birmabright]], an aluminum alloy)
** First all-aluminum space frame - 1990 [[Honda NSX]]
* First [[Graphite-reinforced plastic|carbon fiber]] [[monocoque]] - 1991 [[McLaren F1]]
* First stress-bearing engine acting like a structural member - 1995 [[Ferrari F50]]
* First [[Automotive aerodynamics|aerodynamic]] design - 1921 [[Rumpler]] ''Tropfenwagen''
* First body made of recycled material - 1954 [[Trabant]] P70
* First [[tricar]] - 1902<ref>Georgano, p.68.</ref>
* First [[cyclecar]] - 1910 [[GN]]/1910 [[Bédélia]]<ref>Georgano, p.75.</ref>
* First production [[station wagon]] (estate) - 1923 The [[Star (automobile)|Star]]
**Honorable mention - 1919 [[Stoughton Wagon Company]], which put wagon bodies on [[Model T]] chassis<ref>Georgano, p.94.</ref>
===Transmission===
* [[Manual transmission]]s
** First synchronized transmission - 1929 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]<!--Also '29 Lasalle. Did Cad debut first?-->
** First [[overdrive (mechanics)|overdrive]] - 1934 [[Chrysler Airflow]]
** First modern cone synchromesh transmission - 1952 [[Porsche]] [[Porsche 356|356]]
** First 5-speed manual - 1948 [[Lancia Ardea]]
*** Honorable mention - 1953 [[Ferrari 212]]
*** Honorable mention - 1953 [[Alfa Romeo 1900]] Super Sprint
** First 6-speed manual - 1967 [[Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale]]
*** Honorable mention - 1986 [[Porsche 959]]
*** Honorable mention - 1957 [[Moskvitch 410|Moskvitch 410/411]] (three forward gears with high and low selection)
** First 8-speed manual - 1960 [[Moskvitch 410|Moskvitch 410/411]]
*** Honorable mention - 1931 [[Maybach]] Doppelschnellgang - fitted to various marques (four forward gears with high and low selection)
* [[Automatic transmission]]s
** First automatic transmission - May 1939 [[Oldsmobile]] [[Hydra-Matic]] (also the first 4-speed automatic)
*** Honorable mention - 1934 [[REO]] (a pair of self-shifting manuals)
*** Honorable mention - 1937 [[Oldsmobile]] [[Automatic Safety Transmission]]
** First [[torque converter]] automatic - 1948 [[Buick]] [[Dynaflow]]
*** Honorable mention - 1949 [[Packard]] [[Ultramatic]] (torque converter automatic)
*** Honorable mention - 1946 [[Chrysler Corporation|Chrysler]] [[Presto-Matic]] (torque converter manual)
** First non-planetary automatic - 1968 [[Honda]] [[Hondamatic]]
** First 5-speed automatic - 1991 [[BMW]] [[BMW E34|E34]] [[BMW 5-Series|5-Series]] and [[BMW E36|E36]] [[BMW 3-Series|320i/325i]] [[ZF 5HP18 transmission|ZF 5HP18]]
** First 6-speed automatic - 2002 [[BMW]] [[BMW E65|E65]] [[BMW 7-Series|7-Series]] [[ZF 6HP26 transmission|ZF 6HP26]]
*** Honorable mention - 1999 [[Jeep Grand Cherokee]] [[Chrysler 45RFE transmission|45RFE]] had an automatic transmission with 3 planetary gearsets capable of six speeds, but only 5 were used, and the company advertised it as a 4-speed.
** First 7-speed automatic - 2003 [[Mercedes-Benz]] [[7G-Tronic]]
** First 8-speed automatic - 2007 [[Lexus LS|Lexus LS 460]]
* First [[limited slip differential]] - 1956 [[Studebaker]]
* First [[continuously variable transmission]] - 1958 [[DAF 600]] "A-Type"
-
===Layout===
* First [[FR layout]] car - 1895 [[Panhard]] et Levassor
* First [[RR layout|RR]] car - 1896 [[Hertel (automobile)|Hertel]]
* First [[front-wheel drive]] - 1924 [[Tracta]] (Gregoire-Tracta)
** Honorable mention - 1900 [[E.J. Pennington|Pennington]]
** Honorable mention - 1928 [[Alvis Cars|Alvis]] ''(did not sell more than 150 units)''
** Honorable mention - 1934 [[Citroën Traction Avant]]
** Honorable mention - 1929 [[Cord Automobile]] L-29
** Honorable mention - 1930 [[Ruxton]]
** Honorable mention - 1904 - 1909 [[Christie]] ''(seven race cars built)''
* First [[transverse engine|transverse]] [[front-wheel drive]] - 1931 [[DKW]] F1{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
** Honorable mention - 1904 - 1909 [[Christie]] ''(seven race cars built)''
** Honorable mention - 1947 [[Saab 92]]
** Honorable mention - 1950 [[Lloyd LP300]]
** First [[transverse engine|transverse]] [[front-wheel drive|FWD]] [[Straight-5|I5]] - 1993 [[Volvo 850]]
** First [[transverse engine|transverse]] [[front-wheel drive|FWD]] [[Straight-6|I6]] - 1970 [[Austin Kimberley]] and [[Austin Tasman]]
*** Honorable mention - 1959 [[Saab Monster]] ''(Not a production vehicle)''
** First [[transverse engine|transverse]] [[front-wheel drive|FWD]] [[V8 engine|V8]] - 1985 [[Cadillac DeVille]]
** First [[transverse engine|transverse]] [[all-wheel drive]] - 1968 [[Austin Ant]] (never entered production)
* First [[four-wheel drive]] vehicle - 1910 [[Caldwell Vale]] or 1911 [[four-wheel drive Auto|Four Wheel Drive]]
* First [[all-wheel drive]] car - 1966 [[Jensen FF]]
** Honorable mention - 1901 [[Lohner-Porsche]] ,Hybrid with electric 4WD
** Honorable mention - 1902 Jacobus [[Spyker]] ''(One produced)'', first mechanical 4WD
** Honorable mention - 1932 [[Bugatti Type 53]] ''(Three produced)''
** Honorable mention - 1958 [[Citroën 2CV|Citroën 2CV Sahara]] ''(Dual-engine all wheel drive)''
** Honorable mention - 1981 [[Audi Quattro]]''(first mass-production car with permanent all wheel drive)''
* First [[FR layout|FR]] [[transaxle]] - 1950 [[Lancia Aurelia]] ''(the 1914 [[Stutz Bearcat]] featured a primitive transaxle)''
* First [[MR layout|MR]] car - 1921 [[Rumpler]] Tropfenwagen
* First [[MR layout|MR]] [[all-wheel drive|AWD]] car - [[1984]] [[Ford RS200]] (Homologation special, 200 road cars produced for [[Group B]] regulations.)
** Honorable mention - 1990 [[Panther Solo|Panther Solo 2]] (Only between 16-25 Produced)
** Honorable mention - 1985 Peugeot 205 Turbo-16 (Homologation special, 200 road cars produced for [[Group B]] regulations.)
** Honorable mention - 1985 [[Lancia Delta S4]] (Homologation special, 200 road cars produced for [[Group B]] regulations.)
** Honorable mention - 1985 [[Rover Metro]] 6R4 (Homologation special, 220 road cars produced for [[Group B]] regulations.)
** Honorable mention - 1983 [[Honda Acty]]4WD ([[Kei car]])
===Suspension===
* First [[torsion bar]] suspension - 1921 [[Leyland Motors|Leyland]]
* First front [[independent suspension]] - 1911 [[Morgan Motor Company|Morgan]] three wheeler
* First [[hydraulic]] [[shock absorber]]s - 1933 [[Hudson (automobile)|Hudson]] (Monroe)
* First [[coil spring]]/[[shock absorber]] suspension - 1934 [[Cadillac]], [[Chrysler Corporation|Chrysler]], and [[Hudson (automobile)|Hudson]]
* First [[four wheel brakes]] - 1909 [[Argyll (automobile)|Argyll]] (developed by [[Arrol-Johnson]])<ref>Georgano, p.58.</ref>
* First [[MacPherson strut]] suspension - 1949 [[Ford Vedette]]
* First [[Chapman strut]] suspension - 1958 [[Lotus Elite]]
* First air [[suspension (vehicle)|suspension]] - 1958 [[Cadillac Brougham]]
** Honorable mentions - 1909 [[Cowey]] and 1933 [[Stout-Scarab]] ([[Firestone Tire and Rubber Company|Firestone]])
* First [[self-levelling suspension]] - 1955 [[Citroën DS]]
** Honorable mention - 1954 [[Citroën Traction Avant]] 15H[[Hydropneumatic]]
* First electronically-controlled suspension - 1985 [[Nissan Maxima]] (Japan-market model)
* First fully active suspension - 1990 [[Infiniti Q|Nissan Infiniti Q45]], 1991 [[Toyota Soarer]] [http://www.toyotaimportsforum.co.uk/soarer/z30soarer_changes.htm]
** Honorable mention - 1983 [[Lotus 92]] (''raced at the [[Long Beach Grand Prix]], began road development in 1987 but never applied to a road car[http://www.gglotus.org/ggtech/activesusp/activesuspn.htm]'')
** Honorable mention - 1991 [[Toyota Celica]] (300 experimental vehicles produced)
* First active anti-roll bars - 1994 [[Citroen Xantia Activa]] ([[Active Roll Stabilization]])
* First [[active differential]] - 1995 [[Nissan Skyline GT-R]] Vspec - Active LSD
** Honorable mention - 1986 [[Porsche 959]] ''PSK'' (''limited production of 200 vehicles'')
** Honorable mention - 1996 [[Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution#Evolution IV|Mitsubishi Lancer EVO IV]], [[Active yaw control|AYC]] is a factory option. Became standard in EVO V.
** Honorable mention - 2005 [[Ferrari F430]] and [[Acura RL]] feature fully-integrated electronic differentials
===Brakes===
* First [[four wheel brakes]] - 1909 [[Argyll (automobile)|Argyll]] (developed by [[Arrol-Johnson]])<ref>Georgano, p.58.</ref>
** Honorable mention - 1922 [[Austin 7]]<ref>Georgano, p.142 cap.</ref>
* First [[power brake]]s - 1919 [[Hispano-Suiza]] [[Hispano-Suiza H6|H6]] (mechanically assisted)
** Honorable mention - 1921 [[Duesenberg]] Model A
* First four wheel power brakes - 1919 Hispano-Suiza H6<ref>Georgano, p.181.</ref>
* First vacuum-assist power brakes - 1928 [[Pierce-Arrow]]
* First [[hydraulic]] power brakes - 1921 [[Duesenberg]] Model A<ref>Georgano, p.186.</ref>
* First standard [[disc brake]]s - 1949 [[Crosley Hot Shot]]
** Honorable mentions - 1955 [[Citroën DS]], 1956 [[HRG]] twincam (used helicopter disc brakes), [[Triumph TR3]], [[Girling (car)|Girling]] ''([[Jaguar (car)|Jaguar]] pioneered disc brakes at [[24 Hours of Le Mans|Le Mans]] in 1953)''
* First [[antilock braking system]] - 1966 [[Jensen FF]] ([[Dunlop Maxaret]] system, previously used in aviation)
** First electrical [[antilock braking system]] - 1969 [[Lincoln Continental Mark III]]
*** Honorable mention - 1970 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]<!--the Versailles?--> (rear only)
** First electronic [[antilock braking system]] - 1978 [[Mercedes-Benz]] [[Mercedes S-Class|S-Class]]
* First [[emergency brake#Electric parking brake|electric parking brake]] - 2003 [[Lincoln LS]]
* First diagonally split, dual brake circuits - 1962 [[Saab 95]]/[[Saab 96|96]]
* First [[asbestos]]-free [[brake pad]]s - 1983 [[Saab Automobile]]
* First electro-hydraulic brakes - 2002 Mercedes-Benz [[E-Class]]
* First [[regenerative brake]]s - 1997 [[Toyota Prius]]
===Driver-aids===
* First standard rear-view mirror - 1912 [[Marmon]]{{Fact|date=October 2007}}
* First [[power steering]] - 1951 [[Imperial (automobile)|Imperial]]
* First [[cruise control]] - 1957 [[Imperial (automobile)|Imperial]]
** Honorable mention - [[Peerless]] had a [[centrifugal governor]] speed control system in the 1910s
* First [[traction control]] - 1987 [[Bosch]] [[Mercedes-Benz S-Class]]/[[BMW 7-Series]]
* First [[drive-by-wire]] throttle - 1988 [[BMW 7-Series|BMW 750iL]]
* First [[electrochromic]] rear-view mirror - 1989 [[Lexus LS]]
* First [[dynamic stability control system]]/[[Electronic Stability Program]] - 1996 [[BMW 7-Series]]/[[Mercedes-Benz CL-Class]]
* First [[adaptive cruise control]] - 1997 [[Toyota Celsior]]
* First [[heads-up display]] - 1988 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme]]
* First factory [[GPS]] navigation - 1990 [[Mazda Cosmo]], 1991 [[Toyota Soarer]]
* First [[night vision]] - 2000 [[Cadillac DeVille]]
* First [[power door locks]] - 1914 [[Scripps-Booth]]
* First integrated car dynamics control system: 2005 [[Toyota Crown|Toyota Crown Majesta]] (''[[Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management]]'')
* First [[Advanced Parking Guidance System|self parking]] - 2004 [[Toyota Prius#2004-2007_Prius_.28model_NHW20.29|Toyota Prius]] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3198619.stm]
** Honorable mention - 2007 [[Lexus LS#Fourth generation .28USF40 .2F USF41.29|Lexus LS 460]] (first available in American market)
===Active restraint===
* First car to come standard with [[Seat belt|safety belts]] - 1958 [[Saab GT750|Saab GT 750]] ([http://www.trollhattansaab.net/archives/2005/02/saab_innovation.html] [http://www.trollhattansaab.net/page/5])
===Passive restraint===
* First [[airbag]]s - 1974 [[Oldsmobile Toronado]]
* First car to come standard with dual airbags - [[1988]] [[Porsche 944 Turbo]]
* First six-airbag system - 1994 [[Audi A8]]
* First head airbags - 1997 [[BMW 7-Series]]
===Tires===
* First use of pneumatic tires - 1895 [[Peugeot]] L'Eclair ([[Michelin]])
* First standard pneumatic tires - 1896 [[Léon Bollée Automobiles|Bollée]] Voiturette
* First radial-ply tires - 1949 [[Michelin]] "X" ''(patented in 1946)
* First self-repairing tires - 1950 [[Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company|Goodyear]]
* First [[run flat tire]] - 1974 [[Mini|Mini 1275GT]] ([[Dunlop Rubber|Dunlop]] Denovo; optional)
===Lighting===
* First electrical lighting - 1898 [[Columbia (automobile)|Columbia]] electric
* First standard lights - 1904 "Prest-O-Lite" [[acetylene]]
* First standard electrical lights - 1908 [[Peerless]]
* First integrated electrical and lighting system - 1912 [[Cadillac Model Thirty|Cadillac Model 1912]] [[Delco]]
* First "dipping" headlights - 1915 [[Guide Lamp Company]]
* First dual-beam headlight - 1924 [[Bilux]]
* First retractable headlights - 1936 [[Cord Automobile|Cord]]{{Fact|date=October 2007}}<!--[[DeSoto (automobile)]] says otherwise...-->
* First directional headlamps - 1930s [[Tatra (car)|Tatra]]
** Honorable mention - 1948 [[Tucker Torpedo]] (originally designed with swivel lights, but replaced with third "cyclops light" turned on when cornering).
* First [[fog light]]s - 1938 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
* First auto-dimming headlights - 1952 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]] ''Autronic Eye''
* First auto-on/off headlights - 1964 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]] ''Twilight Sentinel''
* First headlight wipers - 1970 [[Saab Automobile|Saab]] ([[Saab 95|95]], [[Saab 96|96]], [[Saab 99|99]]) [http://www.saabmuseum.com/innovations/index.html]
* First modern U.S.-market car with [[sealed beam]] headlights - 1984 [[Lincoln Mark VII]]{{Fact|date=October 2007}}<!--The sealed beam article says they were '''required''' beginning in 1940! Whassup?-->
* First [[alternating current|AC]] [[High-intensity discharge lamp|HID]] lights - 1991 [[BMW E32|BMW 7-series]]
* First [[direct current|DC]] [[High-intensity discharge lamp|HID]] lights - 1997 [[Lincoln Mark VIII]]
* First [[neon]] lights - 1997 [[Lincoln Mark VIII]]
* First all-[[light-emitting diode|LED]] tail lights - 1998 [[Maserati 3200 GT]]
* First [[bi-xenon HID headlamp]]s - 2000 [[Mercedes-Benz CL-Class]]
* First all-[[light-emitting diode|LED]] headlights - 2007 [[Audi R8 (road car)]]
===Electrical system===
* First [[Magneto (electrical)|magneto]] - 1897 [[FWilliam Lanchester|Lanchester]]<ref>Georgano, p.49.</ref>
* First twin-spark engine - 1921 [[Bentley 3 Litre]]
* First [[electric starter|electric self-starter]] - [[Arnold (automobile)|Arnold]] (copy of the [[Benz Velo]]) before 1900.<ref>Georgano, p.25.</ref>
**Honorable mention - 1912 [[Cadillac]] (all models)<ref>[http://forums.detnews.com/joyrides/story/index.cfm?id=394 ''Detroit News'']</ref>
* First electric windows - 1938 [[Buick Y]]
* First combination key and ignition switch - 1949 [[Chrysler Corporation|Chrysler]]
* First [[Alternating current|AC]] [[alternator]] - 1960 [[Plymouth Valiant|Valiant]]
* First sealed [[battery (electricity)|battery]] - 1971 [[Pontiac]] "Freedom Battery"
* First multiplexed wiring - 1987 [[Cadillac Allanté]]
* First integrated car systems control - 1987 [[Toyota Soarer]] (''Electro Multi Vision'')[http://autospeed.drive.com.au/cms/A_1718/article.html]
* First built-in 110V AC inverter - 2000 [[Toyota Avalon]]
===Climate control===
* First windshield defroster - 1928 [[Studebaker]]
* First windshield washer - 1937 [[Studebaker]]
* First [[air conditioning]] - 1938 [[Studebaker Commander]]
** Honorable mention - 1939 [[Packard]] and 1941 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
* First rear window defogger - 1948 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
* First heated seats - 1966 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
** Honorable mention (first electrically heated) - 1972 [[Saab 99]]
* First automatic climate control - 1964 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
* First digital climate control - 1975 [[Rolls-Royce Camargue]]
* First ventilated seats - 1998 [[Saab 9-5]]
===In-car electronics and entertainment===
* First original-equipment radio - 1923 [[Springfield (automobile)|Springfield]]
* First [[automotive navigation system|navigation system]] - August 1981 [[Honda Accord]] (analog, dealer-installed) [http://world.honda.com/history/challenge/1981navigationsystem/index.html]
** First navigation system with acoustic output - 1989 [[Infiniti Q45]]
** First digital navigation system - 1990 [[Acura Legend]]
** First [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] navigation system - 1990 [[Mazda Eunos Cosmo]]
*** Honorable mention - 1991 [[Toyota Soarer]] [http://www.toyotaimportsforum.co.uk/soarer/z30soarer_changes.htm]
*** Honorable mention - 1990 [[Pioneer Electronics]]/[[Trimble]] (aftermarket)
* First active audio volume control - 1990 [[Chevrolet Corvette]] [[Bose]]/[[Delco Electronics|Delco]] Gold Series
* First [[telematics|telematics assist]] system - 1996 ''tie'' 1997-model [[Cadillac Seville]] ([[OnStar]]) and [[Lincoln Continental]] ([[Motorola]] RESCU)
* First [[Digital versatile disc|DVD]] navigation system - 1996 [[Matsushita]]/[[Pioneer Electronics]] (aftermarket)
* First in-car [[personal computer|PC]] - 1997 [[Microsoft]] [[Auto PC]] (aftermarket)
* First [[Bluetooth]]-capable audio system - 2000 [[Chrysler Corporation|Chrysler]]
* First [[THX]]-certified stereo system - 2003 [[Lincoln LS]]
* First in-car [[karaoke]] machine - 2003 [[Geely BL]]
* First active noise cancellation - 2005 [[Acura RL]]
* First [[digital television]] reception - 2004 E60 [[BMW 5 series]]
===Other===
* First steering wheel - 1899 [[Packard]]
* First [[speedometer]] - 1901 [[Oldsmobile]]
* First tilt-away steering wheel - 1912 [[Peerless]]
* First dash-mounted fuel tank gauge - 1914 [[Studebaker]]
* First tilt-away steering column - 1928 [[Buick]]
* First [[turn signal]]s - 1939 [[Buick]]
* First split folding rear seats - 1961 [[Renault 4]] (''[[Fiat]] patented the system in 1978'')
* First tilt/telescope steering wheel - 1965 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
* First [[four wheel steering]] - 1985 [[Nissan Skyline]] HICAS
** Honorable mention - 1938 Mercedes 170VL (miltitary truck only)
** Honorable mention - 1987 [[Honda Prelude]] 4WS
* First [[Fibre-reinforced plastic|composite]] wheels - 1989 [[Shelby CSX]]
* First capless fuel filler - 2005 [[Ford GT]]
* First active exhaust - 1991 Mitsubishi 3000GT
* First front moveable air dam - 1991 Mitsubishi 3000GT
===American types===
* First standardized American automobile - [[Duryea Motor Wagon]] (1896)
* First American [[electric car]] - [[Detroit Electric]] (1907)
* First American [[hybrid car|hybrid]] [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]] - [[Ford Escape Hybrid]]
* First Chinese-made vehicle sold in America - 2006 [[Miles Automotive Group#MILES_ZX40|Miles ZX40]]
==Pre-War==
* Best-selling pre-war vehicle - [[Ford Model-T]] ''(15,000,000 sold between 1908 and 1928)''
* Least-expensive full-featured automobile - 1927 [[Ford Model-T]] ''($300 is about $3500 in inflation-adjusted 2005 dollars)''
* Largest vehicle - [[Bugatti Royale]] - 21 ft (6.4 m) long, 180 in (4.57 m) or 170 in (4.32 m) wheelbase depending on model
* Largest pre-war [[Straight-4]] - 21495 cc (1312 in<sup>3</sup>) - 1912 Benz 82/200
* Largest pre-war [[Straight-6]] - 21112 cc (1288 in<sup>3</sup>) - 1905 [[Panhard|Panhard et Levassor]] 50 CV
* Largest pre-war [[Straight-8]] - 12763 cc (779 in³) - 1929 [[Bugatti Royale]] production car; the prototype had a 14726 cc engine
* Largest pre-war [[V12]] - 11310 cc (690 in³) - 1933 [[Hispano-Suiza Type 68]]bis
==Other Data for Comparison==
These data do not strictly obey the rules of the article, but give some perspective on what theoretically can be achieved in automobiles.
* [[Sport bike]] Engine - 222 hp/litre - 133 hp from 599 cc - [[Yamaha YZF-R6]]
* Smallest motorcycle straight-six: 750cc [[Benelli 750 Sei]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Automobile-related lists|Superlatives]]
[[Category:Lists of superlatives|Automobiles]]
[[fi:Autoilun ennätykset]]