List of biologists 59018 225585529 2008-07-14T12:47:55Z Closedmouth 372693 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/82.109.65.230|82.109.65.230]] to last version by Closedmouth (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]]) This is a '''list of notable [[biologist]]s'''. It includes zoologists, botanists, ornithologists, malacologists, naturalists and other specialities. See also: *[[List of botanists by author abbreviation]] *[[List of zoologists by author abbreviation]]. *[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|List of Nobel Prize winners in physiology or medicine]] <!--Do not add names, unless there is also a biography available.--> <!--For the sake of consistency please use the following format: --> <!--[[Name]] (birth–death), Nationality specialty, a few words about why the person is notable --> <!--Also, if the title of the article also has the profession in parenthesis (e.g. [[James Bond (ornithologist)]]) use a pole (|) after the parenthesis to ensure that the profession doesn't show up in the link (e.g. [[James Bond (ornithologist)| ]]) --> __NOTOC__ {{compactTOC2}} == A == *[[Humayun Abdulali]] (1914–2001), Indian ornithologist *[[Erik Acharius]] (1757–1819), Swedish botanist *[[Pedro Alberch i Vié]] (1954–1998), Spanish naturalist *[[Johann Friedrich Adam]] (18th cent - 1806), Russian botanist *[[Michel Adanson]] (1727–1806), French naturalist (abbr. in botany : Adans.) *[[Edgar Douglas Adrian]] (1889–1977), British [[electrophysiology|electrophysiologist]], winner of the 1932 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his research on [[neuron]]s *[[Adam Afzelius]] (1750–1837), Swedish botanist *[[Carl Adolph Agardh]] (1785–1859), Swedish botanist *[[Jacob Georg Agardh]] (1813–1901), Swedish botanist *[[Louis Agassiz]] (1807–1873), Swiss zoologist *[[Alexander Agassiz]] (1835–1910), American zoologist, son of Louis Agassiz *[[Nikolaus Ager]] (1568–1634), French botanist *[[William Aiton]] (1731–1793), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany : Aiton) *[[Bruce Alberts]] (born 1938), American biochemist, former [[Presidents of the National Academy of Sciences|President]] of the [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]] *[[Boyd Alexander]] (1873–1910), English ornithologist *[[Horace Alexander]] (1889–1989), English ornithologist *[[Richard D. Alexander]] (born 1930) American evolutionary biologist *[[Wilfred Backhouse Alexander]] (1885–1965), English ornithologist *[[Alfred William Alcock]] (1859–1933), British naturalist *[[Salim Ali (ornithologist)|Salim Ali]] (1896–1987), Indian ornithologist *[[Frédéric-Louis Allamand]] (1736 – after 1803), Swiss botanist (abbr. in botany : F.Allam.) *[[W. C. Allee|Warder Clyde Allee]] (1885–1955), American zoologist and ecologist, identified the [[Allee effect]] *[[Joel Asaph Allen]] (1838–1921), birds, mammals *[[George James Allman]] (1812–1898), British naturalist *[[Prospero Alpini]] (1553–1617), Italian botanist *[[Sidney Altman]] (born 1939), Canadian-born molecular biologist, winner of the [[1989]] [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] for his work on [[RNA]] *[[Bruce Ames]] (born 1928), American biochemist, inventor of the [[Ames test]] *[[José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta]] (1832–1897), Portuguese naturalist *Jakob Johan [[Adolf Appellöf]] (1857–1921), Swedish marine zoologist. *[[Aristotle]] (384 BC-322 BC), Greek philosopher *[[Peter Artedi]] (1705–1735), Swedish naturalist *[[Jean Baptiste Audebert]] (1759–1800), French naturalist. *[[Jean Victoire Audouin]] (1797–1841), French zoologist *[[John James Audubon]] (1786–1851), American ornithologist *[[Charlotte Auerbach]] (1899–1994), German geneticist, founded the discipline of [[mutagenesis]] *[[Gilbert Ashwell]] (born 1916), American [[biochemistry|biochemist]], pioneer in the study of [[cell receptor]] *[[Richard Axel]] (born 1946), Nobel prize winning physiologist *[[Julius Axelrod]] (1912–2004), American biochemist, winner of the 1970 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his research on [[catecholamine]] [[neurotransmitters]] *[[Félix de Azara]] (1746–1811), Spanish naturalist == B == ===Ba-Bi=== *[[Churchill Babington]] (1831–1881), British archaeologist and conchologist *[[John Bachman]] (1790–1874), American naturalist *[[Curt Backeberg]] (1894–1966), German botanist (abbr. in botany: Backeb.) *[[Karl Ernst von Baer]] (1792–1876), embryology *[[Liberty Hyde Bailey]] (1858–1954), American botanist (abbr. in botany : L.H.Bailey) *[[Spencer Fullerton Baird]] (1823–1887), birds and mammals *[[John Hutton Balfour]] (1808–1884), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany : Balf.) *[[David Baltimore]] (born 1938), Nobel prize *[[Joseph Banks]] (1743–1820), biologist, botanist (abbr. in botany : Banks) *[[Robert Bárány]] (1876–1936), Austrian physician, received the [[1914]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his research on the [[vestibular system]] *[[Benjamin Smith Barton]] (1766–1815), American botanist (abbr. in botany : Barton) *[[John Bartram]] (1699–1777), American botanist (abbr. in botany : Bartram) *[[William Bartram]] (1739–1823), American naturalist (abbr. in botany : W.Bartram) *[[Anton de Bary]] (1831–1888), surgeon, botanist, microbiologist *[[Henry Walter Bates]] (1825–1892), English naturalist *[[Patrick Bateson]] (born 1938), English biologist and science writer, President of the [[Zoological Society of London]] *[[August Batsch|August Johann Georg Karl Batsch]] (1762–1802), German botanist, mycologist *[[Nicolas Baudin]] (1754–1803), French botanist *[[Gaspard Bauhin]] (1560–1624), Swiss botanist, introduced binomial nomenclature into taxonomy, which was used by Linnaeus(abbr. in botany : C.Bauhin) *[[Johann Matthäus Bechstein]] (1757–1822), German naturalist (abbr. in botany : Bechst.) *[[Rollo Beck]] (1870–1950), US ornithologist *[[Charles Emerson Beecher]] (1856–1904), US invertebrate paleontologist *[[Charles William Beebe]] (1877–1962), biologist *[[Martinus Beijerinck]] (1851–1931), Dutch microbiologist and botanist, discovered [[virus]]es *[[Thomas Bell (zoologist)|Thomas Bell]] (1792–1880) English naturalist *[[David Bellamy]] (born 1933), English botanist *[[Edward Turner Bennett]] (1797–1836), English zoologist *[[George Bentham]] (1800–1884), English botanist (abbr; in botany : Benth.) *[[Wilson Teixeira Beraldo]] (1917–1998), Brazilian physician and physiologist, codiscoverer of [[bradykinin]] *[[Robert Bentley]] (1821–1893), English botanist (abbr. in botany : Bentley) *[[Hans Berger]] (1873–1941), German neuroscientist, one of the founders of [[electroencephalography]] *[[Claude Bernard]] (1813–1878), French physiologist and father of the concept of homeostasis *[[Samuel Stillman Berry]] (1887–1984), U.S. marine zoologist *[[Thomas Bewick]] (1753–1828), English ornithologist *[[Colin Bibby]] (1948–2004), English ornithologist *[[Gabriel Bibron]] (1806–1848), French zoologist *[[Johannes Abraham Bierens de Haan]] (1883–1953), Dutch biologist and ethologist *[[Biswamoy Biswas]] (1923–1994), Indian ornithologist ===Bl-Bu=== *[[Elizabeth Blackburn|Liz Blackburn]] (born 1948), Australian/US researcher in the field of [[telomere]]s and the 'telomerase' enzyme. *[[John Blackwall]] (1790–1881), British entomologist *[[Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville]] (1777–1850), French zoologist *[[Albert Francis Blakeslee]] (1874–1954), American botanist, best known for research on [[Jimsonweed]] and the sexuality of [[fungi]] *[[Thomas Blakiston]] (1832–1891), English naturalist *[[William Thomas Blanford]] (1832–1905), English naturalist *[[Pieter Bleeker]] (1819–1878), Dutch ichthyologist *[[Günter Blobel]] (born 1936), German [[Nobel Prize]]-winning biologist who discovered that newly synthesized proteins contain "address tags" which direct them to the proper location within the cell. *[[Steven Block]] (born 1952), American biophysicist who measured the mechanical properties of single bio-molecules *[[Carl Ludwig Blume]] (1789–1862), German-Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany : Blume) *[[Johann Friedrich Blumenbach]] (1752–1840), German physiologist and anthropologist *[[Edward Blyth]] (1810–1873), English zoologist *[[Pieter Boddaert]] (1730–1795 or 1796), naturalist *[[Charles Lucien Bonaparte]] (1803–1857), French naturalist *[[James Bond (ornithologist)|James Bond]] (1900–1989), American ornithologist *[[Franco Andrea Bonelli]] (1784–1830), Italian ornithologist *[[August Gustav Heinrich von Bongard]] (1786–1839), German botanist *[[Charles Bonnet]] (1720–1793), Swiss naturalist *[[Aimé Bonpland]] (1773–1858), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Bonpl.) *[[Jules Bordet]] (1870–1961), Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, winner of the [[1919]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his discovery of the [[complement system]] in the [[immune system]] *[[Antonina Georgievna Borissova]] (1903–1970), Russian botanist *[[Norman Borlaug]] (born 1914) is an American agricultural scientist, humanitarian, Nobel laureate, and the father of the Green Revolution. *[[Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc]] (1759–1828), French zoologist *[[George Albert Boulenger]] (1858–1937), Belgian zoologist *[[Jules Bourcier]] (1797–1873), French naturalist *[[Johann Friedrich von Brandt]] (1802–1879), German naturalist (abbr. in botany : Brandt) *[[Christian Ludwig Brehm]] (1787–1864), German ornithologist *[[Alfred Brehm]] (1829–1884), German zoologist *[[Sydney Brenner]] (born 1927), British molecular biologist, winner of the [[2002]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] *[[Thomas Mayo Brewer]] (1814–1880), American naturalist *[[William Brewster (ornithologist)|William Brewster]] (1851–1919), American ornithologist *[[Mathurin Jacques Brisson]] (1723–1806), French zoologist. *[[Nathaniel Lord Britton]] (1859–1934), US Botanist (abbr. in botany : Britton) *[[Adolphe Theodore Brongniart]] (1801–1876), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Brongn.) *[[Robert Broom]] (1866–1951), South African paleontologist *[[James Brown (ecologist)|James H. Brown]] American ecologist. *[[Robert Brown (botanist)|Robert Brown]] (1773–1858), botanist (abbr. in botany : R.Br.) *[[David Bruce (microbiologist)|David Bruce]] (1855-1931), Scottish pathologist and microbiologist *[[Jean Guillaume Bruguière]] (1750–1798), French naturalist *[[Morten Thrane Brünnich]] (1737–1827), Danish zoologist *[[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton]] (1762–1829), Scottish zoologist and botanist *[[Pollinator decline|Stephen L. Buchmann]] co-author of The Forgotten Pollinators *[[Linda B. Buck]] (born 1947), American physiologist, Nobel prize winner *[[Samuel Botsford Buckley]] (1809–1884), American naturalist (abbr. in botany : Buckley) *[[Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon|Buffon]] (1707–1788) French naturalist (abbr. in botany : Buffon) *[[William Bullock (collector)|William Bullock]] (1773–1849), English naturalist *[[Walter Buller]] (1838–1906), New Zealand naturalist *[[James Bulwer]] (1794–1879), English naturalist and conchologist *[[Alexander G. von Bunge]] (1803–1890), German-Russian zoologist *[[Luther Burbank]] (1849–1926), American horticulturalist *[[Hermann Burmeister]] (1807–1892), German zoologist *[[Carlos Bustamante]] (born 1951), American biophysicist, discovered "molecular tweezers" to manipulate DNA *[[Ernesto Bustamante]] (born 1950), Peruvian biochemist, specialist in mitochondria. Currently works on DNA paternity testing == C == *[[Jean Cabanis]] (1816–1906), German ornithologist *[[George Caley]] (1770–1829), English botanist *[[Rudolf Jakob Camerarius]] (1665–1721), German botanist *[[Frederick Campion Steward]] (1904–1993), British botanist *[[A. P. de Candolle]] (1778–1841), Swiss botanist *[[Alexis Carrel]] (1873–1944), French biologist and surgeon, winner of the [[1912]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his work on [[sutures]] and [[organ transplants]], advocate of [[eugenics]] *[[Elie-Abel Carrière]] (1818–1896), French botanist *[[Clodoveo Carrión Mora]] (1883–1957), Ecuadorian paleontologist and naturalist *[[Sean B. Carroll]], American evolutionary development biologist *[[Rachel Carson]] (1907–1964), biologist, author of ''[[Silent Spring]]'' *[[George Washington Carver]] (1860–1943), American botanist *[[John Cassin]] (1813–1869), American ornithologist *[[Alexandre de Cassini]] (1781–1832), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Cass.) *[[William E. Castle]] (1867–1962), American geneticist *[[Mark Catesby]] (1683–1749), English naturalist *[[Andrea Cesalpino]] (1519–1603), Italian botanist *[[Francesco Cetti]] (1726–1778), Italian zoologist *[[Carlos Chagas]] (1879–1934), Brazilian physician *[[Adelbert von Chamisso]] (1781–1838), German botanist *[[Min Chueh Chang]] (1908–1991), biologist *[[Frank Michler Chapman]] (1864–1945), ornithologist *[[Martha Chase]] (1927–2003), American biologist, conducted the [[Hershey-Chase experiment]] which linked [[DNA]] to heredity *[[Sergei Chetverikov]] (1880–1959), Russian population geneticist *[[Charles Chilton (zoologist)|Charles Chilton]] (1860–1929), New Zealand zoologist *[[Carl Chun]] (1852–1914), German marine biologist *[[Nathan Cobb]] (1859–1932), American biologist, considered the founder of the discipline of [[nematode|nematology]] *[[Alfred Cogniaux]] (1841–1916), Belgian botanist (abbr. in bot. : Cogn.) *[[Stanley Cohen (doctor)|Stanley Cohen]] (born 1922), American biologist who won the Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine (1986) for his discovery of growth factors. *[[Henry Boardman Conover]] (1892–1950), American ornithologist *[[Timothy Abbott Conrad]] (1803–1877), American malacologist *[[James Graham Cooper]] (1830–1902), American naturalist *[[William Cooper (conchologist)|William Cooper]] (1798–1864), American conchologist *[[Edward Drinker Cope]] (1840–1897), fish, reptiles, paleontology *[[Charles Coquerel]] (1822–1867), French navy surgeon and entomologist *[[Carl Ferdinand Cori]] (1896–1984), American biochemist, winner of the [[1947]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his work on the [[Cori cycle]] *[[Gerty Cori]] (1986–1957), American biochemist, first American woman to win a [[Nobel Prize]] in science, the prize was awarded to her and her husband [[Carl Ferdinand Cori|Carl]] for their work on the [[Cori cycle]] *[[Charles B. Cory]] (1857–1921), American ornithologist *[[Elliott Coues]] (1842–1899), American ornithologist *[[Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer]] (1907–2004), South African zoologist *[[Jacques-Yves Cousteau|Jacques Cousteau]] (1910–1997), French marine biologist and explorer *[[Miguel Rolando Covian]] (1913–1992), Argentine-Brazilian neurophysiologist, father of Brazilian neurophysiology *[[Frederick Vernon Coville]] (1867-1937), American botanist *[[Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar]] (1786–1845), German zoologist *[[Francis Crick]] (1916–2004), one of the discoverers of the structure of the [[DNA]] molecule and a neurobiologist *[[Nicholas Culpeper]] (1616–1654), English botanist *[[Allan Cunningham (botanist)|Allan Cunningham]] (1791–1839), English botanist *[[William Curtis]] (1746–1799), English botanist *[[Georges Cuvier]] (1769–1832), French naturalist. == D == *[[Anders Dahl]] (1751–1789), (namesake of the Dahlia) *[[W.H. Dall]] (1845–1927), American naturalist and malacologist. *[[Charles Darwin]] (1809–1882), British naturalist *[[Erasmus Darwin]] (1731–1802), doctor, naturalist, grandfather of Charles *[[Charles Davenport]] (1866–1944), American biologist and [[eugenics]]ist, founded the [[Eugenics Record Office]] at [[Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory]] *[[Armand David]] (1826–1900), French zoologist and botanist *[[Bernard Davis]] (1916–1994), American biologist *[[Richard Dawkins]] (born 1941), British evolutionary biologist *[[Pierre Antoine Delalande]] (1787–1823), French naturalist *[[Max Delbrück]] (1906–1981), German physicist and biologist known for work on the replication mechanism of viruses *[[Richard Dell]] (1920–2002), New Zealand malacologist *[[Stefano Delle Chiaje]] (1794 - 1860), Italian zoologist *[[Paul Émile de Puydt]] (1810–1888), Belgian botanist *[[René Louiche Desfontaines]] (1750–1833), French botanist *[[Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest]] (1784–1838), French zoologist *[[Ernst Dieffenbach]] (1811–1855), German naturalist *[[Olayo Díaz Giménez]] (1810–1885), Spanish botanist *[[Johann Jacob Dillenius]] (1684–1747), German botanist *[[Walter Dobrogosz]] (born 1933), American microbiologist, discoverer of ''[[Lactobacillus reuteri]]'' *[[Theodosius Dobzhansky]] (1900–1975), American [[genetics|geneticist]] and [[evolutionary biology|evolutionary biologist]] *[[Rembert Dodoens]] (1517–1585), Flemish botanist *[[Anton Dohrn]] (1840–1909), German marine biologist *[[David Don]] (1799–1841), British botanist *[[James Donn]] (1758–1813) English botanist *[[Jean Dorst]] (1924–2001), French ornithologist *[[Henry Doubleday]] (1808–1875), British entomologist *[[David Douglas]] (1799–1834), Scottish botanist *[[Jonas C. Dryander]] (1748–1810), Swedish botanist *[[Félix Dujardin]] (1802-1860), biologist *[[Renato Dulbecco]] (born 1914), biologist *[[Ronald Duman]] [[Biological psychiatry]] *[[André Marie Constant Duméril]] (1774–1860), French zoologist *[[Michel Felix Dunal]] (1789–1856), French botanist *[[Robin Dunbar]] (born 1947), Italian virologist *[[Gerald Durrell]] (1925–1995), British naturalist == E == *[[Sylvia Earle]] (born 1935 ), American oceanographer *[[John Carew Eccles]] (1903–1997), Australian [[neurophysiology|neurophsyiologist]] and winner of the [[1963]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his work on the [[synapse]] *[[Christian Friedrich Ecklon]] (1795–1868), Danish botanist (bot. abbr. Eckl.) *[[Gerald Edelman]] (born 1929) Nobel Prize for immunology work, later work in neuroscience *[[George Edwards]] (1693–1773), British naturalist *[[Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg]] (1795–1876), German biologist and microscopist *[[Paul Ehrlich]] (1854–1915), German Nobel Prize-winning immunologist *[[Theodor Eimer]] (1843–1898), German zoologist *[[Daniel Giraud Elliot]] (1835–1915), American zoologist *[[Günther Enderlein]] (1872–1968), German zoologist and entomologist *[[Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher]] (1804–1849), Austrian botanist (abbr. in bot.: Endl.) *[[Michael S. Engel]] (born 1971), American paleontologist and entomologist *[[George Engelmann]] (1809–1884), German-American botanist *[[Adolf Engler]] (1844–1930), German botanist (bot. abbr. Engl.) *[[Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben]] (1744–1777), German naturalist. *[[Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz]] (1793–1831), Baltic German biologist and explorer, namesake of the California poppy *[[Constantin von Ettingshausen]] (1826–1897), Austrian botanist *[[Warren Ewens]], American mathematical population geneticist *[[Thomas Campbell Eyton]] (1809–1880), English naturalist ==F== *[[Jean Henri Fabre]] (1823–1915), French entomologist *[[Johan Christian Fabricius]] (1745–1808), Danish entomologist *[[David Fairchild]] (1869–1954), American botanist *[[Hugh Falconer]] (1808–1865), Scottish paleontologist *[[Leonardo Fea]] (1852–1903), Italian zoologist *[[Christoph Feldegg]] (1780–1845), Austrian naturalist *[[Barry Fell|Howard Barraclough (Barry) Fell]] (1917–1994), English zoologist and pre-Columbian contact theorist *[[Dimas Fernández Galiano]] (1921–2002) *[[Sérgio Ferreira]] (born 1934), Brazilian pharmacologist *[[Otto Finsch]] (1839–1917), German naturalist *[[Johann Fischer von Waldheim]] (1771–1853), German entomologist *[[James Fisher]] (1922–1970), English ornithologist *[[Ronald Fisher]] (1890–1962), British biologist and statistician, one of the founders of population genetics *[[Tim Flannery]] (1956-), Australian biologist *[[Jim Flegg]], British ornithologist *[[Alexander Fleming]] (1881–1955), British medical scientist *[[Walther Flemming]] (1843–1905), German physician and anatomist, discoverer of mitosis and chromosomes *[[Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher]] (1878–1950) English entomologist *[[Howard Walter Florey]] (1898–1968), a pharmacologist who was the co-inventor of penicillin *[[Brian J. Ford]] (born 1939) British biologist and writer *[[E.B. Ford]] (1901–1988) British ecological geneticist *[[Peter Forsskål]] (1732–1763), Swedish naturalist *[[Georg Forster]] (1754–1794), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: G.Forst.) *[[Johann Reinhold Forster]] (1729–1798), German naturalist *[[Robert Fortune]] (1813–1880), Scottish botanist *[[Dian Fossey]] (1932–1985), zoologist *[[Rosalind Franklin]] (1920–1958), contributor to the discovery of the structure of [[DNA]] *[[Elias Magnus Fries]] (1794–1878), one of the founders of modern mushroom taxonomy *[[Karl von Frisch]] (1886–1982), Austrian ethologist and Nobel laureate, best known for pioneering studies of bees *[[Imre Frivaldszky]] (1799–1870), Hungarian botanist *[[Leonhart Fuchs]] (1501–1566), German botanist *[[José María de la Fuente Morales]] (1855–1932), Spanish biologist *[[Louis Agassiz Fuertes]] (1874–1927), American ornithologist == G == *[[Joseph Gaertner]] (1732–1791), German botanist *[[François Gagnepain]] (1866–1952), French botanist *[[Joseph Paul Gaimard]] (1796–1858), French *[[Biruté Galdikas]] (born 1946), Canadian primatologist, conducted pioneering studies on [[orangutan]]s *[[Robert Gallo]] (born 1937), American virologist and co-discoverer of HIV *[[William Gambel]] (1823–1849), American naturalist *[[Prosper Garnot]] (1794–1838), French naturalist *[[Barry Garrison]] (1958-2007), American biologist *[[Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré]] (1789–1854), French botanist *[[Michael Gazzaniga]], American [[Cognitive neuroscience|cognitive neuroscientist]], best known for his research on [[split-brain]] patients *[[Dirk Cornelis Geijskes]] (1907–1985), Dutch biologist and ethologist *[[Howard Scott Gentry]] (1903–1993), American botanist *[[John Gerard]] (1545–1611/12), English botanist *[[Conrad von Gesner]] (1516–1565), Swiss naturalist (bot. abbr. : Gesner) *[[Luca Ghini]] (1490–1566), Italian botanist *[[John H. Gillespie]], American [[molecular evolution]]ist and [[population genetics|population geneticist]] *[[C.H. Gimingham|Charles Henry Gimingham]] (born 1923), British botanist *[[Charles Frédéric Girard]] (1822–1895), French biologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist *[[Johann Friedrich Gmelin]] (1748–1804), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: J.F.Gmel.) *[[Johann Georg Gmelin]] (1709–1755), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: J.G.Gmel.) *[[Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin]] (1744–1774), German botanist (bot. abbr. : S.G.Gmel.) *[[Frederick DuCane Godman]] (1834–1919), English naturalist and ornithologist *[[Émil Goeldi]] (1859–1917), Swiss-Brazilian naturalist and zoologist *[[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] (1749–1832), known for his literary works but also a scientist. In biology: his theory of plant metamorphosis stipulated that all plant formation stems from a modification of the Leaf. *[[Camillo Golgi]] (1843–1926), Italian physician and Nobel prize winner, pioneer in neurobiology *[[Jane Goodall]] (born 1934), British primatologist, ethologist and anthropologist, best-known for conducting a forty-year study of chimpanzee social and family life. *[[George Gordon (botanist)|George Gordon]] (1806–1879), British botanist *[[Philip Henry Gosse]] (1810–1888), English naturalist *[[John Gould]] (1804–1881), English ornithologist *[[Stephen Jay Gould]] (1941–2002), US paleontologist *[[Alfred Grandidier]] (1836–1921), French naturalist and explorer *[[Guillaume Grandidier]] (1873–1957), French naturalist and explorer son of Alfred Grandidier *[[Temple Grandin]] (born 1947), American animal scientist; world-renowned as a designer of humane [[livestock]] facilities and for her writings on her experience with [[autism]] *[[Chapman Grant]] (1887–1983), American herpetologist *[[Pierre-Paul Grassé]] (1895–1985), French zoologist *[[Asa Gray]] (1810–1888), US botanist *[[George Robert Gray]] (1808–1872), English zoologist *[[John Edward Gray|J.E. Gray]] (1800–1875), British zoologist *[[Andrew Jackson Grayson]] (1819–1869), American ornithologist *[[William King Gregory]] (1876–1970), US zoologist *[[Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon]] (1862–1933), British ornithologist *[[Jan Frederik Gronovius]] (1690–1762), Dutch botanist *[[Pavel Grošelj]] (1883–1940), biologist and belletrist *[[Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville]] (1799–1874), French entomologist *[[Johann Anton Güldenstädt]] (1745–1781), German naturalist *[[Allvar Gullstrand]] (1862–1930), Swedish ophthalmologist, winner of the [[1911]] [[Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine]] "for research on the image formation by the lens of the eye" *[[Johann Ernst Gunnerus]] (1718–1773), Norwegian botanist *[[Albert C. L. G. Günther]] (1830–1914), British/German zoologist *[[Guranda Gvaladze]] (born 1932), Georgian botanist == H == *[[Ernst Haeckel]] (1834–1919), German physician, zoologist and evolutionist *[[Hermann August Hagen]] (1817–1893), German entomologist *[[J. B. S. Haldane]] (1892–1964), British evolutionary biologist and co-founder of [[population genetics]] *[[William Donald Hamilton]] (1936–2000), British evolutionary biologist *[[Thomas Hardwicke]] (1755–1835), English naturalist *[[Alister Hardy|Alister Clavering Hardy]] (1896–1985), English marine biologist and pioneer student of the biological basis of religion *[[Richard Harlan]] (1796–1843), American naturalist, zoologist, physicist and paleontologist *[[Denham Harman]] (born 1916), American [[gerontology|biogerontologist]], [[Father#Philosophical fatherhood|father]] of the [[free radical theory]] of [[aging]] *[[Maarten 't Hart]] (born 1944), Dutch biologist and writer *[[Ernst Hartert]] (1859–1933), German ornithologist *[[Gustav Hartlaub]] (1814–1900), German zoologist *[[Karl Theodor Hartweg]] (1812–1871), German botanist *[[William Henry Harvey]] (1811–1866) Irish phycologist. *[[Hans Hass]] (born 1919), Austrian biologist *[[Frederik Hasselquist]] (1722–1752), Swedish naturalist *[[François HaverSchmidt]] (1906–1987) Dutch ornithologist *[[Arthur Hay, 9th Marquess of Tweeddale]] (1824–1878), English ornithologist *[[Oskar Heinroth]] (1871–1945), German biologist, a founder of [[ethology]] *[[Wilhelm Hemprich]] (1796–1825), German naturalist *[[Willi Hennig]] (1913–1976) German biologist, founder of cladistics *[[John Stevens Henslow]] (1796–1861), English mineralogist, botanist and clergyman *[[Alfred Hershey]] (1908–1997), American bacteriologist, winner of the [[1969]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his work on the genetics of [[virus]]es *[[Archibald Vivian Hill]] (1886–1977), British physiologist, winner of the [[1922]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for elucidation of mechanical work in muscles *[[Brian Houghton Hodgson]] (1800–1894), English naturalist *[[Bruno Hofer]] (1861–1916), German fisheries scientist *[[Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg]] (1766–1849) German botanist, entomologist and ornithologist *[[Franciscus Holkema]] (1840–1869), Dutch botanist *[[Jacques Bernard Hombron]] (1798–1852), French naturalist *[[Leroy Hood]] (born 1939), American biochemist, developed high speed automated DNA sequencer. *[[Robert Hooke]] (1635–1703), British natural philosopher and Secretary to the Royal Society *[[Joseph Dalton Hooker]] (1817–1911), British botanist, explorer and Director of Kew Botanic Gardens *[[William Jackson Hooker]] (1785–1865), British botanist, Director of Kew Botanic Gardens *[[Thomas Horsfield]] (1773–1859), American naturalist *[[Bernardo Houssay]] (1887–1971), [[Argentina|Argentine]] physiologist, winner of the [[1947]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for the function of the [[pituitary gland|pituitary]] [[hormones]] in regulating blood sugar ([[glucose]]) in animals. *[[Martinus Houttuyn]] (1720–1798), Dutch naturalist *[[Albert Howard]] (1873–1947), British botanist *[[Eliot Howard]] (1873–1940), English ornithologist *[[Sarah Blaffer Hrdy]] (born 1946), U.S. anthropologist who made contributions to evolutionary psychology and sociobiology. *[[David H. Hubel]] (born 1926), Canadian-Born American neurobiologist, winner of the [[1981]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for research on the [[visual system]] *[[François Huber]] (1750–1831), Swiss naturalist *[[Ambrosius Hubrecht]] (1853–1915), Dutch zoologist *[[William Henry Hudson]] (1841–1922), Argentinian-British ornithologist *[[Alexander von Humboldt]] (1769–1859), German naturalist and explorer *[[Allan Octavian Hume]] (1829–1912), British ornithologist *[[Rob Hume]], British ornithologist *[[G. Evelyn Hutchinson|George Evelyn Hutchinson]] (1903–1991), American ecologist and limnologist *[[Frederick Wollaston Hutton]] (1835–1905), English biologist and geologist, later worked in New Zealand *[[Julian Sorell Huxley]] (1887-1975), English zoologist and contributor to the [[modern evolutionary synthesis]]; first D-G of [[UNESCO]] *[[Thomas Henry Huxley]] (1825–1895), English zoologist and advocate of evolution, [[agnosticism]] and scientific education *[[Alpheus Hyatt]] (1838–1902), US neo-Lamarckian *[[Libbie Hyman]] (1888–1969), invertebrate zoologist *[[Josef Hyrtl]] (1810–1894), Austrian anatomist ==I== * [[Hermann von Ihering]] (1850–1930), German naturalist * [[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger]] (1775–1813), German entomologist * [[Jan Ingenhousz]] (1730–1799), Dutch-born British botanist. * [[Tom Iredale]] (1880–1972), English conchologist and ornithologist * [[Paul Erdmann Isert]] (1756–1789), German botanist ==J== * [[François Jacob]] (born 1920), French Biologist, Nobel Prize * [[Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin]] (1727–1817), Dutch-born Austrian botanist * [[Honoré Jacquinot]] (1815–1887), French surgeon and zoologist * [[Daniel Janzen|Daniel H. Janzen]] (born 1939), American entomologist and ecologist * [[William Jardine (naturalist)|William Jardine]] (1800–1874), Scottish naturalist * [[Feliks Pawel Jarocki]] (1790–1865), Polish zoologist * [[Thomas C. Jerdon]] (1811–1872), British zoologist and botanist * [[Wilhelm Johannsen]] (1857–1927), (coined the term [[gene]]) * [[David Starr Jordan]] (1851–1931), ichthyologist, 1st president of Stanford * [[Adrien-Henri de Jussieu]] (1797–1853), French botanist * [[Antoine de Jussieu]] (1686–1758), French naturalist * [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu]] (1748–1836), botanist, biologist (botanical abbr.: Juss.) * [[Bernard de Jussieu]] (1699–1777), French naturalist * [[Ernest Everett Just]] (1883–1941), American biologist ==K== * [[Zbigniew Kabata]] (born 1924), Polish parasitologist * [[Pehr Kalm]] (1716–1779), Swedish botanist * [[Eric R. Kandel]] (born 1929), Austrian-born American neuroscientist. Winner of the [[2000]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his work on the neural correlates of [[memory]] * [[Nicole C. Karafyllis]], German biologist * [[Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten]] (1817–1908), German botanist * [[Stuart Kauffman]] (born 1939), biologist widely known for his promotion of self-organization as a factor in producing the complexity of biological systems and organisms * [[Johann Jakob Kaup]] (1803–1873), German naturalist * [[Janet Kear]] (1933–2004), English ornithologist * [[Gerald A. Kerkut]] (1927–2004), British zoologist and physiologist * [[Anton Kerner von Marilaun]] (1831–1898), Austrian botanist * [[Arthur Francis George Kerr]] (1877–1942), Irish medical doctor, first systematic collector of plants of Siam * [[Robert Kerr (writer)|Robert Kerr]] (1755–1813), published ''The Animal Kingdom'' in 1792 * [[Warwick Estevam Kerr]] (born 1922), Brazilian geneticist, specialist in bee genetics, introducer of African bees in Brazil * [[Motoo Kimura]] (1924–1994), Japanese mathematical biologist, working in the field of theoretical population genetics * [[Norman Boyd Kinnear]] (1882–1957), Scottish zoologist * [[William Kirby (entomologist)|William Kirby]] (1759–1850), English entomologist * [[Heinrich von Kittlitz]] (1799–1874), German naturalist * [[Fritz Köberle]] (1910–1983), Austrian-Brazilian physician and pathologist, student of [[Chagas disease]] * [[Karl Koch (botanist)|Karl Koch]] (1809–1879), German botanist * [[Robert Koch]] (1843–1910), German Nobel Prize-winning physician and bacteriologist * [[Emil Theodor Kocher]] (1841–1917), German physician, winner of the [[1909]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for "his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland" * [[Alexander Koenig]] (1858–1940), German naturalist * [[Albert von Kolliker]] (1817–1905), Swiss physiologist * [[Charles Konig]] (1774–1851), German naturalist * [[Arthur Kornberg]] (born 1918), discovered DNA polymerase * [[Adriaan Kortlandt]], (born 1918), Dutch ethologist * [[Albrecht Kossel]] (1853–1927), German physician and winner of the [[1910]] Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research in [[cell biology]] * [[Hans Adolf Krebs]] (1900–1981), German biochemist and winner of the [[1953]] Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the [[citric acid cycle]] in [[cellular respiration]] * [[Gerard Krefft]] (1830–1881), German-born Australian zoologist and palaeontologist * [[Moacyr Krieger]] (born 1930), Brazilian physician and physiologist * [[Kewal Krishan]] (born 1973), Biological Anthropologist, specialized in Forensic Anthropology, serving at Panjab University, Chandigarh, India * [[August Krogh|Schack August Steenberg Krogh]] (1874–1949), Danish physiologist, winner of the [[1920]] Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the mechanism of regulation of the [[capillaries]] in skeletal [[muscle]] * [[Heinrich Kuhl]] (1797–1821), German zoologist ==L== * [[Henri Laborit]] (1914–1995), French surgeon and physiologist * [[Bernard Germain Étienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacépède]] (1756–1825), French naturalist * [[David Lack]] (1910–1973), British ornithologist * [[Frédéric de Lafresnaye]] (1783–1861), French ornithologist * [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck]] (1744–1829), French evolutionist, coined many terms like ''biology'' and ''fossils'' * [[Aylmer Bourke Lambert]] (1761–1842), British botanist * [[Hugh Lamprey]] (1928–1996), British ecologist * [[Joseph Lanjouw]] (1902–1984), Dutch botanist * [[Kai Larsen]] (born 1926) Danish botanist * [[John Latham (ornithologist)|John Latham]] (1740–1837), English naturalist * [[Pierre André Latreille]] (1762–1833), French entomologist * [[Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran]] (1845–1922), French physician, winner of the [[1907]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his discovery that the cause of [[malaria]] is a [[Protozoa|protozoon]] * [[George Newbold Lawrence]] (1806–1855), American ornithologist *[[William Elford Leach]] (1790–1836) English zoologist and marine biologist *[[Colin Leakey]] (born [[1933]]), British tropical botanist and specialist in bean science *[[Joseph LeConte]] (1823–1901), physiologist *[[Anton van Leeuwenhoek|Antoni van Leeuwenhoek]] (1632–1723), Dutch biologist, developer of the microscope *[[François Leguat]] (1637?–1735), French naturalist *[[Joseph Leidy]] (1823–1891), US paleontologist *[[Johann Philipp Achilles Leisler]] (1771–1813), Dutch naturalist *[[Juan Lembeye]] (1816–1889), Spanish naturalist *[[Leonardo Da Vinci]] (1452–1519), known as an artist but also an anatomist. Dissected hundreds of specimens and drew exact copies of them. *[[Jean Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour]] (1773–1826), French botanist *[[René-Primevère Lesson|Rene Primevere Lesson]] (1794–1849), French naturalist *[[Charles Alexandre Lesueur]] (1778–1846), French naturalist *[[François Le Vaillant]] (1753–1824), French ornithologist *[[Richard Lewontin]] (born 1929), biologist *[[Wen-Hsiung Li]], molecular evolutionary biologist *[[Emmanuel Liais]] (1826–1900), French botanist *[[Martin Lichtenstein]] (1780–1867), German zoologist *[[Aristid Lindenmayer]] (1925–1989), Hungarian biologist *[[John Lindley]] (1799–1865) English botanist *[[Heinrich Friedrich Link]] (1767–1850), German botanist (abbr. in botany : Link) *[[Carolus Linnaeus]] (1707–1778), Swedish botanist; father of the binomial name (abbr L. or Linn.) *[[Jacques Loeb]] (1859–1924), German-American biologist *[[Friedrich Loeffler]] (1852–1915), German biologist *[[Konrad Zacharias Lorenz|Konrad Lorenz]] (1903–1989), Austrian founder of ethology *[[Harri Lorenzi]] (born 1949), Brazilian botanist *[[John Claudius Loudon]] (1783–1843), English botanist *[[Anatole Stephan Loukashkin]] (1902–1988), biologist *[[James Lovelock]] (born 1919), English chemist and father of the ''gaia hypothesis'' *[[Percy Lowe]] (1870–1948), English ornithologist *[[Peter Wilhelm Lund]] (1801–1880), Danish zoologist and paleontologist *[[Salvador Luria]] (1912–1991), microbiologist, Nobel prize winner *[[Adolfo Lutz]] (1855–1940), Brazilian infectologist, pathologist and public health researcher *[[André Lwoff]] (1902–1994), French microbiologist, winner of the [[1965]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] *[[Richard Lydekker]] (1849–1915), English naturalist *[[Trofim Lysenko]] (1898–1976), Soviet biologist and agronomist. In 1948 he officially denounced genetics. See [[Lysenkoism]]. == M == ===Ma-Mi=== *[[Jules François Mabille]] (1831–1904), French malacologist *[[John Macadam]] dead man Scottish-born Australian botanist *[[John M. MacDougal]] (born 1954), American botanist *[[William MacGillivray]] (1796–1852), Scottish naturalist *[[Gerrit François Makkink]] (1907–2006), Dutch ethologist, hydrologist and agriculturist *[[Marcello Malpighi]] (1628–1694), Italian anatomist and biologist *[[Sendurai Mani]] , Cancer Biologist from USA *[[Ramon Margalef]] (1919–2004), Spanish-Catalan biologist and ecologist *[[Leo Margolis]] (1927–1997), Canadian fisheries parasitologist *[[Lynn Margulis]] (born 1938), American microbiologist *[[Alberto della Marmora]] (1789–1863), Italian naturalist *[[Othniel Charles Marsh]] (1831–1899), paleontology *[[Barry Marshall]] (born 1951), Australian physician and microbiologist, winner of the [[2005]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his discovery that most [[peptic ulcer|stomach ulcers]] are caused by a strain of bacteria *[[Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius]] (1794–1868), German botanist *[[Fermín Martín Piera]] (1954–2001), Spanish botanist *[[John Martyn (botanist)|John Martyn]] (1699–1768), English botanist *[[Francis Masson]] (1741–1805?), Scottish botanist *[[Gregory Mathews]] (1876–1949), Australian ornithologist *[[Paul Matschie]] (1861–1926), German zoologist *[[William Diller Matthew]] (1871–1930), American paleontologist *[[Polly Matzinger]], American Immunologist *[[Carl Maximowicz]] (1827–1891), Russian botanist *[[Harold Maxwell-Lefroy]] (1877–1925), English entomologist *[[Robert May]] (born 1936), biologist, physisist, mathematician, President of Royal Society of London 2000–2005 *[[Ernst Mayr]] (1904–2005), evolutionary biologist *[[Barbara McClintock]] (1902–1992), American biologist, winner of a Nobel Prize for her work on the transposon, or "jumping gene" *[[Bruce McConnell]] (born 1933) American Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics *[[James V. McConnell]] (1925–1990), American biological psychologist *[[Bruce McEwen]] Neuroendocrinologist and stress hormone expert *[[Edmund Meade-Waldo]] (1855–1934), English ornithologist *[[Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov]] (1845–1916), Russian microbiologist, best known for his work on the [[immune system]] and [[phagocytosis]], received the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in [[1908]] *[[Johann Wilhelm Meigen]] (1764–1845), German entomologist *[[Gregor Mendel]] (1822–1884), Czech-Austrian monk who is often called the "father of genetics" for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants *[[Edouard Menetries]] (1802–1861), French entomologist *[[Maud Leonora Menten]], biologist *[[Archibald Menzies]] (1754–1852), Scottish naturalist *[[Clinton Hart Merriam]] (1855–1942), American zoologist and ornithologist *[[John C. Merriam]] (1869–1945), American biologist *[[Franz Meyen]] (1804–1840), German botanist *[[Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee]] (1901–1984), American ornithologist *[[Otto Fritz Meyerhof]] (1884–1951), German/American physician and biochemist, winner of the [[1922]] Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on muscles *[[August Karl Arnold Michaelis]] (1847–1916), German chemist *[[Leonor Michaelis]] (1875–1949), German biologist *[[André Michaux]] (1746–1802), French botanist *[[Aleksandr Fyodorovich Middendorf]] (1815–1894), Russian zoologist *[[Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai]] (1846–1888), Russian marine biologist and anthropologist *[[Gerrit Smith Miller|Gerrit Smith Miller, Jr.]] (1869–1956), American zoologist. *[[Jacques Miller]] (born 1931), Australian immunologist. *[[John Frederick Miller]] (1759–1796), English illustrator (primarily of botany) *[[Philip Miller]] (1691–1771), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany : Mill.) *[[Alphonse Milne-Edwards]] (1835–1900), French zoologist *[[Henri Milne-Edwards]] (1800–1885), French zoologist *[[George Jackson Mivart]] (1827–1900), English biologist ===Mo-Mu=== *[[Hugo von Mohl]] (1805–1872), German botanist *[[Paul Möhring]] (1710–1792) German naturalist *[[Juan Ignacio Molina]] (1740–1829), Chilean naturalist *[[Jacques Monod]] (1910–1976) geneticist *[[George Montagu]] (1753–1815), English naturalist *[[Luc Montagnier]] (born 1932), French discoverer of HIV *[[Rita Levi-Montalcini]] (born 1909), Italian-American neurologist who received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her co-discovery of growth factors. *[[George Thomas Moore]] (1871–1956) US botanist *[[Alfred Moquin-Tandon]] (1804–1863), French naturalist *[[Thomas Hunt Morgan]] (1868–1945), American geneticist. He worked on the natural history, zoology, and macromutation in the fruit fly ''Drosophila''. *[[Desmond Morris]] (born 1928), British zoologist and biologist *[[Roger Morse]] (1927–2000), professor, researcher, author, on bees/beekeeping *[[Guy Mountfort]] (1905–2003), English ornithologist *[[Ladislav Mucina]] (born 1956), Slovakian botanist *[[Ferdinand von Mueller]] (1825–1896), German-Australian botanist *[[John Muir]] (1838–1914), US naturalist *[[Otto Friedrich Müller]] (1730–1784), Danish naturalist (abbr. in botany : O.F.Müll.) *[[Fritz Müller]] (1821–1897), German-Brazilian naturalist (abbr. in botany : F.J.Müll.) *[[Hermann Müller (Thurgau)]] (1850–1927) Swiss botanist and oenologist *[[Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller]] (1725–1776), German zoologist *[[Salomon Muller]] (1804–1864), Dutch naturalist *[[Kary Mullis]] (born 1944), biologist *[[Otto von Münchhausen]] (1716–1774), German botanist *[[John Murray (oceanographer)|John Murray]] (1841–1914) Scots-Canadian Marine Biologist == N== *[[Gary Paul Nabhan]] (born 1952), co-author of Forgotten Pollinators *[[Karl Wilhelm von Nageli]] (1817–1891), Swiss botanist *[[Erika Svetlana Nase]] (1992-0000), Filipino Botanist *[[Johann Friedrich Naumann]] (1780–1857), German founder of scientific ornithology *[[John Needham]] (1713–1781), English naturalist *[[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck]] (1776–1858), German botanist and zoologist *[[Masatoshi Nei]], American evolutionary biologist and molecular Population Geneticist *[[Randolph M. Nesse]] (born 1945), American evolutionary biologist and psychiatrist *[[Charles F. Newcombe]] (1851–1924), British botanist *[[Alfred Newton]] (1829–1907), English zoologist *[[Margaret Morse Nice]] (1883–1974), American ornithologist *[[Henry Alleyne Nicholson]] (1844–1899), British zoologist *[[Elmer Noble]] (1909–2001) American parasitologist *[[Alfred John North]] (1855–1917), Australian ornithologist *[[Thomas Nuttall]] (1786–1858), English botanist and zoologist ==O== *[[Eugene Odum|Eugene P. Odum]] (1913–2002), American ecologist *[[Howard Odum|Howard T. Odum]] (1924–2002), American ecologist *[[Anders Sandoe Oersted (botanist)|Anders Sandoe Oersted]] (1816–1872), Danish botanist (bot abbr.: Oerst.) *[[William Ogilby]] (1808–1873), Irish naturalist *[[William Robert Ogilvie-Grant]] (1863–1924), Scottish ornithologist *[[Tomoko Ohta]], Japanese molecular evolutionary biologist *[[Lorenz Oken]] (1779–1851), German naturalist *[[Giuseppe Olivi]] (1769–1795), Italian naturalist *[[Aleksandr Oparin]] (1894–1980), Russian biologist and biochemist, best known for his work on the [[origin of life]] *[[Alcide d'Orbigny]] (1802–1857), French naturalist *[[George Ord]] (1781–1866), American ornithologist *[[Eleanor Anne Ormerod]] (1828–1901), English entomologist *[[Henry Fairfield Osborn]] (1857–1935), eugenicist, AMNH curator *[[Emile Oustalet]] (1844–1905), French zoologist *[[Richard Owen]] (1804–1892), biologist ==P== *[[George Emil Palade]] (born 1912), Romanian-American biologist, discoverer of ribosomes, Nobel Prize *[[Peter Simon Pallas]] (1741–1811), Russian zoologist *[[Edward Palmer (botanist)|Edward Palmer]] (1829–1911), British botanist *[[Josif Pancic]] (1814–1888), Serbian botanist *[[Paracelsus]] (1493–1541), German alchemist *[[Louis Pasteur]] (1822–1895), French biochemist *[[William Paterson (governor)|William Paterson]] (1755–1810), British botanist and explorer *[[Robert Patterson (Belfast)|Robert Patterson]] (1802–1872) Irish naturalist *[[Andrew Paulukiewichz]] (born 1958) Modern Polish biologist *[[Daniel Pauly]], biologist *[[Ivan Pavlov]] (1849–1936), Russian physiologist, psychologist and physician, discovered [[conditioning]], won the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] for his research on the digestive system *[[Titian Peale]] (1799–1885), American naturalist *[[Donald C. Peattie]] (1898–1964), US botanist *[[Jean-Marie Pelt]] (born 1933), French botanist *[[Henri Perrier de la Bâthie]] (1873–1958), French botanist *[[Christian Hendrik Persoon]] (1761–1836), biologist *[[Paul Petard (botanist)|Paul Petard]] (1912–1980), French botanist *[[Wilhelm Peters]] (1815–1883), German naturalist *[[Rodolfo Amando Philippi]] (1808–1904), German-Chilean zoologist *[[Constantine John Phipps]] (1744–1792), English explorer *[[David Andrew Phoenix]], (born 1966), Biochemist *[[Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge]] (1860–?), English entomologist *[[Octavius Pickard-Cambridge]] (1828–1917), English entomologist, uncle of above *[[Charles Pickering (naturalist)|Charles Pickering]] (1805–1878), American naturalist *[[Cándido Bolívar Pieltain]] (1897–1976), Spanish naturalist *[[Henry Augustus Pilsbry]] (1862–1957), American zoologist, malacologist *[[Gregory Goodwin Pincus]] (1903–1967), American biologist and co-inventor of the contraceptive pill *[[Ronald Plasterk]], (born 1957), Dutch molecular biologist, columnist and politician *[[Pliny the Elder]] (23–79), Roman natural philosopher *[[Reginald Innes Pocock]] (1863–1947), British taxonomist (mammals and arachnids) *[[Felipe Poey]] (1799–1891), Cuban zoologist *[[Joel Roberts Poinsett]] (1779–1851), US botanist *[[Henry Potter]] (1898–1952), Norwegian naturalist *[[Arthur William Baden Powell]] (1901–1987), New Zealand malacologist and paleontologist *[[Thomas Littleton Powys, 4th Baron Lilford]] (1833–1896), English ornithologist *[[Karel Presl]] (1794–1852), Bohemian botanist *[[Alice Pruvot-Fol]] (1873–1972), French malacologist *[[Jan Evangelista Purkyně]] (1787–1869), Czech anatomist and physiologist *[[Frederick Traugott Pursh]] (1774–1820), German-American botanist *[[Paul Émile de Puydt]] (1810–1888) Belgian botanist *[[Nikolai Przhevalsky]] (1839–1888), Russian explorer ==Q== *[[Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau]] (1810–1892), French naturalist * [[Jean René Constant Quoy]] (1790–1869), French zoologist ==R== *[[Gustav Radde]] (1831–1903), German naturalist *[[Thomas Stamford Raffles]] (1781–1826), British founder/first president of the Zoological Society of London *[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque]] (1783–1840), French naturalist who described many North American species *[[Émile Louis Ragonot]] (1843-1895), French entomologist *[[Santiago Ramón y Cajal]] (1852–1934), Spanish histologist and Nobel laureate. Considered the father of neuroscience. *[[Edward Pierson Ramsay]] (1842–1916), Australian ornithologist *[[Austin L. Rand]] (1905–1982), Canadian zoologist *[[Suresh Rattan]] (born 1955), Indian biogerontologist *[[John Ray]] (1627–1705), English naturalist *[[Francesco Redi]] (1626–1697), Italian physician known for his experiment in 1668 which is regarded as a one of the first steps in refuting abiogenesis. *[[Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach]] (1823–1889), German orchidologist (abbr. in botany : Rchb. f.) *[[Ludwig Reichenbach]] (1793–1879), German botanist and ornithologist (abbr. in botany : Rchb.) *[[Anton Reichenow]] (1847–1941), German ornithologist *[[Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt]] (1773–1854), Dutch botanist *[[Bernhard Rensch]] (1900–1990), German biologist *[[Achille Richard]] (1794-1852), French botanist (abbr. in botany: A. Rich) *[[Louis Claude Richard]] (1754–1821), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Rich.) *[[John Richardson (naturalist)|John Richardson]] (1787–1865), Scottish naturalist (abbr. in botany : Richardson) *[[Charles Robert Richet]] (1850–1935), French physiologist, winner of the [[1913]] [[Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine]] for his discovery of [[anaphylaxis]] *[[Charles Wallace Richmond]] (1868–1932), American ornithologist *[[Robert Ridgway]] (1850–1929), American ornithologist *[[Henry Nicholas Ridley]] (1855–1956), British botanist (abbr. in botany : Ridl.) *[[Austin Roberts]] (1883–1948), South African zoologist *[[Harold E. Robinson]] (born 1932), American botanist and entomologist *[[Maurício Rocha e Silva]] (1910–1983), Brazilian physician and pharmacologist, codiscoverer of [[bradykinin]] *[[Martin Rodbell]] (1925–1998), biologist *[[George Romanes]] (1848–1894), Canadian naturalist, founded the discipline of [[comparative psychology]] *[[Alfred Romer]] (1894–1973), specialist in vertebrate paleontology *[[Robert Rosen]] (1934–1998), theoretical biologist *[[Joel Rosenbaum]], cell biologist at [[Yale University]] *[[Harald Rosenthal]] (born 1937) German hydrobiologist known for his work in fish farming and ecology *[[Miriam Louisa Rothschild]] (1908–2005), British entomologist *[[Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild]] (1868–1937), British zoologist *[[William Roxburgh]] (1759–1815), Scottish botanist *[[Adriaan van Royen]] (1704–1779), Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany : Royen) *[[David van Royen]] (1727–1799), Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany : D.Royen) *[[Karl Rudolphi]] (1771–1832), German physiologist *[[Eduard Rüppell]] (1794–1884), German naturalist ==S== ===Sa-So=== *[[Joseph Sabine]] (1770–1837), English naturalist *[[Julius von Sachs]] (1832–1897), German botanist *[[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]] (1772–1844), French naturalist *[[Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]] (1805–1861), French zoologist *[[Edward James Salisbury]] (1886–1978), British botanist *[[Richard Anthony Salisbury]] (1761–1829), British botanist *[[Robert Sapolsky]] (born 1957), American neuroscientist *[[Georg Sars]] (1837–1927), Norwegian marine biologist *[[Michael Sars]] (1809–1869), Norwegian taxonomist *[[William Saunders]] (1822–1900), American botanist *[[Horace-Bénédict de Saussure]] (1740–1799), Swiss naturalist *[[Marie Jules César Savigny]] (1777–1851), French zoologist *[[Thomas Say]] (1787–1843), American naturalist *[[George Schaller]] (born 1933), American zoologist, widely considered the preeminent field biologist of the 20th century *[[Friedrich Schlechter]] (1872–1925), German botanist *[[Hermann Schlegel]] (1804–1884), German ornithologist *[[Matthias Jakob Schleiden]] (1804–1881), German co-founder of the cell theory *[[George Schoener]] (1864–1941), German-American botanist *[[Johann David Schoepf]] (1752–1800), German botanist and zoologist *[[Heinrich Wilhelm Schott]] (1794–1865), German botanist *[[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber]] (1739–1810), German naturalist *[[Leopold von Schrenck]] (1826–1894), Russo-German zoologist *[[Charles Schuchert]] (1858–1942), paleontology *[[Theodor Schwann]] (1810–1882), German physiologist *[[Georg August Schweinfurth]] (1836–1925), German botanist *[[Philip Sclater]] (1829–1913), English zoologist *[[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli]] (1723–1788), Italian-Austrian naturalist *[[Henry Seebohm]] (1832–1895), English ornithologist *[[Prideaux John Selby]] (1788–1867), English botanist and ornithologist *[[Nikolai Alekseevich Severtzov]] (1827–1885), Russian naturalist *[[Richard Bowdler Sharpe]] (1847–1909), English zoologist *[[George Shaw]] (1751–1813), English botanist and zoologist *[[Rupert Sheldrake]] (born 1942), biologist *[[George Ernest Shelley]] (1840–1910), English ornithologist *Sir [[Charles Scott Sherrington]] (1857–1922), British physiologist and neuroscientist, winner of the [[1932]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his research on [[neuron]]s *[[Philipp Franz von Siebold]] (1796–1866), German botanist *[[George Gaylord Simpson]] (1902–1984), American paleontologist *[[Rolf Singer]] (1906–1994), German born mycologist *[[John Kunkel Small]] (1869–1938), American botanist (abbr. in botany : Small) *[[Andrew Smith (zoologist)|Andrew Smith]] (1797–1872), Scottish zoologist *[[Frederick Smith (entomologist)|Frederick Smith]] (1805–1879), British entomologist *[[James Edward Smith]] (1759–1828), English botanist (abbr. in bot. : Sm.) *[[Johannes Jacobus Smith]] (1867–1947), Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany : J.J.Sm.) *[[James Leonard Brierley Smith]] (1897 – 1968), South African ichthyologist *[[John Maynard Smith]] (1920–2004), biologist *[[Solomon H. Snyder]] (born 1938), American neuroscientist, co-discovered [[endorphins]] *[[Daniel Solander]] (1733–1782), Swedish botanist *[[Louis François Auguste Souleyet]] (1811–1852), French zoologist ===Sp-Sy=== *[[Douglas Spalding]] (c1840–1877), English biologist, discovered [[imprinting]] and conducted some of the earliest research on animal behavior *[[Lazzaro Spallanzani]] (1729–1799), Italian biologist *[[Anders Sparrman]] (1748–1820), Swedish naturalist *[[Walter Baldwin Spencer]] (1860–1929), English biologist and anthropologist *[[Roger W. Sperry]] (1913–1994), American [[neuropsychology|neuropsychologist]], winner of the [[1981]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his [[split-brain]] research *[[Maximilian Spinola]] (1780–1857) - entomologist *[[Johann Baptist von Spix]] (1781–1826), German naturalist *[[Herman Spoering]] (1733–1771), Finnish botanist *[[Kurt Sprengel]] (1766–1833), German botanist *[[Stewart Springer]] (1906–1991), American ichthyologist noted for expertise in shark classification, behavior, and distribution of species *[[Richard Spruce]] (1817–1893), English botanist *[[Agustin Stahl]] (1842–1917), Puerto Rican zoologist and botanist *[[Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby]] (1775–1851), English naturalist *[[Japetus Steenstrup]] (1813–1897), Danish zoologist *[[Leonhard Hess Stejneger]] (1851–1943), Norwegian zoologist *[[Georg Wilhelm Steller]] (1709–1746), Russian ornithologist *[[James Francis Stephens]] (1792–1853), English zoologist *[[Kaspar Maria von Sternberg]] (1761–1838), Bohemian botanist *[[Karl Stetter]] (born 1941), German microbiologist *[[Nettie Maria Stevens]] (1861–1912), American biologist *[[Gerald Stokell]] (1890-1972), New Zealand horticulturist and ichthyologist *[[Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr]] (1749–1821), German naturalist *[[Eduard Strasburger]] (1844–1912), German botanist (abbr. in botany : Strasb.) *[[Erwin Stresemann]] (1889–1972), German ornithologist *[[John Struthers (anatomist)|John Struthers]] (1823–1899) Scottish anatomist *[[Carl Jakob Sundevall]] (1801–1875), Swedish zoologist *[[Mriganka Sur]] (born 1953), Indian [[cognitive neuroscience|cognitive neuroscientist]] specializing in [[neuroplasticity]] *[[William Swainson]] (1789–1855), English ornithologist *[[Jan Swammerdam]] (1637–1680), Dutch biologist and microscopist *[[Olof Swartz]] (1760–1816), Swedish botanist (bot. abbr. : Sw.) *[[Robert Swinhoe]] (1836–1877), English naturalist *[[Colonel W. H. Sykes]] (1790–1872), English ornithologist ==T== *[[Wladyslaw Taczanowski]] (1819–1890), Polish zoologist *[[Armen Takhtajan]] (born 1910), Russian botanist *[[Peter Gustaf Tengmalm]] (1754–1803), Swedish naturalist *[[Coenraad Jacob Temminck]] (1778–1858), Dutch zoologist *[[Theophrastus]] (372 BC–287 BC), biologist and the successor of Aristotle in the Peripatetic school, popularizer of science *[[Johannes Thiele]] (1860–1935), German zoologist and malacologist *[[Oldfield Thomas|Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas]] (1858–1929), British zoologist *[[Stewart Thomas]] (1946-), American zoologist *[[William Thompson (Ornithologist)|William Thompson]] Irish ornithologist and naturalist *[[Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars]] (1758–1831) French botanist *[[Carl Peter Thunberg]] (1743–1828), Swedish naturalist *[[Samuel Tickell]] (1811–1875), British ornithologist *[[Niko Tinbergen]] (1907–1988), Dutch ethologist *[[Agostino Todaro]] (1818–1892), Italian botanist *[[Susumu Tonegawa]] (born 1939), Japanese biologist, winner of the [[1987]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for ""discovery of the [[genetics|genetic]] principle for generation of [[antibody]] diversity." *[[John Torrey]] (1796–1873), US botanist, first professional in New World *[[Joseph Pitton de Tournefort]] (1656–1708), French botanist *[[John Kirk Townsend]] (1809–1851), American ornithologist *[[Thomas Stewart Traill]] (1781–1862), Scottish doctor and naturalist *[[Abraham Trembley]] (1710–1784), Swiss naturalist *[[Melchior Treub]] (1851–1910), Dutch botanist *[[Henry Baker Tristram]] (1822–1906), English ornithologist *[[Robert Trivers]] (born 1943), evolutionary biologist *[[Édouard Louis Trouessart]] (1842–1927), French naturalist *[[Frederick W. True]] (1858–1914), US naturalist *[[Bernard Tucker]] (1901–1950), English ornithologist *[[Edward Tuckerman]] (1817–1886), US botanist *[[Endel Tulving]] (born 1927), Estonian-born Canadian neuroscientist, specializes in [[episodic memory]] *[[Marmaduke Tunstall]] (1743–1790) English ornithologist *[[Ruth Turner]] (1915–2000), marine biologist *[[Farhang Torki]] (born 1980) , Iranian Ecologist ==U== * [[Jakob von Uexküll]] (1864–1944), Estonian biologist, founder of [[biosemiotics]] ==V== *[[Martin Vahl (botanist)|Martin Vahl]] (1749–1804), Norwegian botanist *[[Sebastien Vaillant]] (1669–1722), French botanist *[[Achille Valenciennes]] (1794–1865), French zoologist *[[Francisco Varela]] (1946–2001) Chilean biologist *[[Nikolai Vavilov]] (1887–1943), Soviet botanist and geneticist, died in prison as a defender of "bourgeois pseudoscience" genetics against Lysenkoism *[[Damodaran M. Vasudevan]] (born 1942), Indian physician, immunologist and educationist *[[Craig Venter]] (born 1946), American biologist and businessman *[[Edouard Verreaux]] (1810–1868), French naturalist *[[Jules Verreaux]] (1807–1873) French botanist and ornithologist *[[Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot]] (1748–1831), French ornithologist *[[Nicholas Aylward Vigors]] (1785–1840), Irish zoologist *[[Rudolf Virchow]] (1821–1902), German biologist and pathologist, founder of cell theory *[[Vital Brazil|Oswaldo Vital Brazil]] (1865–1950), Brazilian physician and immunobiologist, discoverer of several [[antivenom]]s against snake, scorpion and spider bites *[[Karel Voous]] (1920–2002), Dutch ornithologist *[[Hugo de Vries]] (1848–1935), Dutch botanist ==W== *[[Frans de Waal]] (born 1948), Dutch ethologist, primatologist and psychologist *[[Coslett Herbert Waddell]] (1858–1919), Irish botanist *[[Johann Georg Wagler]] (1800–1832), German herpetologist *[[Warren H. Wagner]] (1920–2000), US botanist *[[Göran Wahlenberg]] (1780–1851), Swedish naturalist *[[Barry Wakeman]] (1939–2004), American naturalist *[[Selman Waksman]] (1888–1973), American biochemist, winner of the 1952 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his work on [[antibiotics]] *[[Charles Athanase Walckenaer]] (1771–1852), French entomologist *[[George Wald]] (1906–1997), American biologist, winner of the 1967 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his work on [[visual perception|vision]] *[[Alfred Russel Wallace]] (1823–1913), British naturalist and biologist *[[Nathaniel Wallich]] (1786–1854), Danish botanist *[[Benjamin Dann Walsh]] (1808–1869), American entomologist *[[William Grey Walter]] (1910–1977), American [[neurophysiology|neurophysiologist]] and [[roboticist]], made a number of important discoveries in the field of [[electroencephalography]] *[[Deepal Warakagoda]] (born 1965), Sri Lankan ornithologist *[[Robin Warren|J. Robin Warren]] (born 1937), Australian pathologist, winner of the 2005 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his discovery that most [[peptic ulcer|stomach ulcers]] are caused by a strain of bacteria *[[Charles Waterton]] (1782–1865), English naturalist *[[James D. Watson]] (born 1928), Nobel Prize-winning biologist, co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule *[[Philip Barker Webb]] (1793–1854), English botanist (abbr. in botany : Webb) *[[Hugh Algernon Weddell]] (1819–1877), English botanist (abbr. in botany : Wedd.) *[[Robert Weinberg]] Cancer Biologist *[[August Weismann]] (1834–1914), German biologist *[[Friedrich Welwitsch]] (1806–1872), Austrian botanist *[[Karl Wernicke]] (1848–1905), German physician and neuroanatomist, discovered [[Wernicke's area]] *[[Victor Westhoff]] (1916–2001), Dutch botanist *[[Alexander Wetmore]] (1886–1978), American ornithologist *[[William Morton Wheeler]] (1865–1937), American entomologist and [[myrmecologist]] *[[Gilbert White]] (1720–1795), English naturalist *[[John White (surgeon)|John White]] (c. 1756–1832) English botanist *Prince Alexander Philipp [[Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied]] (1782–1867), German explorer & biologist. *[[Hans Wiehler]] (1930–2003) American botanist (bot. abbr.: Wiehler) *[[Torsten Wiesel]] (born 1924), Swedish-born American neurobiologist, winner of the 1981 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his research on [[information processing]] in the [[visual system]] *[[Charles Wilkes]] (1798–1877), American explorer and naturalist *[[Carl Ludwig Willdenow]] (1765–1812), German botanist and pharmacist (abbr. in botany: Willd.) *[[George C. Williams]] (born 1926), American evolutionary biologist, credited with introducing the [[Gene-centered view of evolution|gene-centric view of evolution]] *[[Francis Willughby]] (1635–1672), English ornithologist & ichthyologist *[[Alexander Wilson]] (1766–1813), Scottish-American ornithologist *[[Edward Adrian Wilson|E. A. Wilson]] (1872–1912), English naturalist *[[E. O. Wilson|Edward O. Wilson]] (born 1929), American entomologist and father of [[sociobiology]], two time winner of the [[Pulitzer Prize]] *[[Caspar Wistar (physician)|Caspar Wistar]] (1761–1818), American anatomist and physician. The genus ''[[Wisteria]]'' is named after him *[[Henry Witherby]] (1873–1943), British ornithologist *[[William Withering]] (1741–1799), English botanist *[[Carl Woese]] (born 1928), American microbiologist, identified the [[Archaea]], a major division of [[organism]]s *[[Flossie Wong-Staal]] (born 1947), American virologist *[[Sewall Wright]] (1889–1988), American geneticist, co-founder of [[population genetics]] *[[V. C. Wynne-Edwards]] (1906–1997), Scottish zoologist, introduced the hypothesis of [[group selection]] in evolution *[[Charles Wyville Thompson]] (1832–1882) Scottish marine biologist ==X== *[[John Xantus de Vesey]] (1825–1894), American zoologist ==Y== * [[William Yarrell]] (1784–1856), English naturalist ==Z== *[[Floyd Zaiger]] (born 1926), fruit genetics *[[Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann]] (1743–1815), German zoologist *[[Karl Alfred von Zittel]] (1839–1904), German palaeontologist *[[Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini]] (1797–1848), German botanist [[Category:Lists of scientists|Biologists]] [[Category:History of biology]] [[Category:Biologists| List]] [[Category:Botanists| List of biologists]] [[Category:Naturalists| List]] [[cs:Seznam biologů]] [[de:Liste bedeutender Biologen]] [[et:Bioloogide loend]] [[eo:Listo de biologoj]] [[fr:Liste de biologistes]] [[it:Lista di biologi]] [[nl:Lijst van biologen]] [[ja:生物学者の一覧]] [[pt:Anexo:Lista de biólogos]] [[ro:Lista biologilor]] [[ru:Список биологов]] [[scn:Biòluggi cèlibbri]] [[zh:生物学家列表]]